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Nonlinear Blind Narrowband Interference Mitigation For Energy Detection Based UWB Receivers
Nonlinear Blind Narrowband Interference Mitigation For Energy Detection Based UWB Receivers
I. I NTRODUCTION
NERGY detection (ED) based impulse radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) receivers have been considered as
a promising technology for low-power consumption and lowcomplexity wireless applications [1], [2]. However, because
the energy detector in the ED-based receivers cannot distinguish noise and interferences from the desired UWB signals,
noise and interferences are collected and considered as signal
as well. Consequently, as compared to a coherent receiver,
the ED-based receivers are more vulnerable to noise and
interferences and presents worse performance [2]. On the
other hand, many narrowband communication systems do exist
within the ultra-wide bandwidth of the UWB systems and they
present as interferences to the UWB systems. As a result,
narrowband interference (NBI) mitigation techniques must be
applied in conjunction with the ED-based receivers.
In recent years, many researches have been done in developing NBI mitigation technologies [1][4]. However, most of
the researches are based on digital interference cancelation
techniques. In order to apply such techniques, the received
UWB signals must be digitized by analog-to-digital converters
Manuscript received April 14, 2012. The associate editor coordinating the
review of this letter and approving it for publication was A. Giorgetti.
This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation of
the US under Grant No. 1002150, and the Natural Science and Engineering
Research Council of Canada under Grant STPGP 396417.
Z. Xu and L. Yu are with the College of Physics and Information
Engineering, Fuzhou University, P. R. China (e-mail: zhimeng.xu@gmail.com,
yulun@fzu.edu.cn).
H. Nie and H. Khani are with the Department of Technology, University
of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, USA (e-mail: hong.nie@uni.edu, Hassan.Khani@gmail.com).
Z. Chen is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (e-mail: z.chen@dal.ca).
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LCOMM.2012.082012.120807
c 2012 IEEE
1089-7798/12$31.00
XU et al.: NONLINEAR BLIND NARROWBAND INTERFERENCE MITIGATION FOR ENERGY DETECTION BASED UWB RECEIVERS
LNA
BPF 1
Square Law
Device
s(t)
BPF 2
UWB
NBI
Cross-term
Signal
Power
BI
r(t)
y(t)
B PF 2
Information
Bits
1597
2 fI BI
2 fc B
2 fc + B
ti +TI
ti
(.) 2 dt
(1)
(2)
Fig. 2.
TI
(8)
(9)
fp
0,
f p BI ,
Ei = P
2
2
I
(BI fp ) TI , fp < BI .
BI
(10)
(11)
Ep
.
(4)
PI TI
After the SL technique is applied, the output of the SL device,
denoted by s(t), is given by
SIRB =
(5)
(12)
1598
TI
Rp,i (t + , t)dt.
(13)
filters.
B
2
2
Initially the SIR improvements brought by the SL tech PI
|A(f f )| + |A(f + f )| df
(16)
nique have been investigated through theoretical analysis and
fp
From (7), (11), and (16), the SIR of y(t) over [0, TI ] can be computer simulations under both additive white Gaussian
noise (AWGN) channel and multipath channels (e.g. IEEE
obtained as:
Ep
802.15.4a CM1 channels [11]). In order to compare with
=
SIRSL =
the TKO technique, the SIR improvements brought by the
Ei + Ep,i
B
TKO have been obtained through computer simulations as
2
1
2 fp |A(f )A(f )| df
multipath channels, fp = 2MHz or 6MHz), the SL technique
,
f
<
B
B
p
I
PI 2
(BI fp )2 TI +PI f [|A(f f )|2 +|A(f +f )|2 ]df
BI
p
can achieve the same SIR improvement as the TKO technique.
(17)
Second, the theoretical results are well matched by the simuTo demonstrate the SIR improvement brought by the SL
lations results for all scenarios. Third, if fp < BI , e.g. when
technique in a straightforward manner, we have considered
fp = 2MHz, the NBI term cannot be removed completely,
the following UWB pulse as an example:
and
hence the SIR improvement decreases, especially when
sin(Bt)
the
input
SIR is low. When the input SIR is high, the cross2BEp Bt cos(2fc t), 0 < t < Tp
p(t) =
,
term
becomes
the dominant interference and thus the SIR
0,
otherwise
improvement
for
fp = 2MHz is close to that for fp = 6MHz.
(18)
Finally,
the
SIR
improvement under multipath channels is
where Tp is the duration time of the pulse. For the above
less
than
that
under
AWGN channel. This reduction can be
defined UWB pulse,
justified
as:
under
multipath
channel, A(f ) is no longer the
f
2Ep
flat
spectrum
defined
in
(19),
and hence Ep given by (7) has
rect
.
(19)
A(f ) =
B
B
a reduced value.
To evaluate the ultimate performance improvement brought
By substituting (19) into (17), the SIR of y(t) when fp
by
the SL and the TKO techniques, the BERs of the ED-based
BI is given by
BPPM
UWB system with a strong NBI and a SNR fixed at
Ep (B fp )3
/N
E
b
0 = 19dB have been simulated under both AWGN and
SIRSL =
.
(20)
3PI B(B 2fp )
CM1 channels. From the simulation results shown in Fig. 4,
By comparing (20) with (4), the SIR improvement brought it is clear that the SL technique has the same performance
as the TKO technique. Moreover, both the SL and the TKO
by the SL technique, denoted as GSL , can be expressed as
techniques can considerably improve the BER performance
TI (B fp )3
GSL =
.
(21) of the ED-based UWB receiver when a strong NBI is present.
3B(B 2fp )
For example, to achieve BER= 103 , the original ED-based
Since B fp , GSL can be approximated with
BPPM receiver requires a SIR higher than 5dB; when the SL
technique with fp = 6MHz is employed, the required SIR is
1
(22) relaxed to 6.8dB under AWGN channel and 2.8dB under
GSL TI B.
3
XU et al.: NONLINEAR BLIND NARROWBAND INTERFERENCE MITIGATION FOR ENERGY DETECTION BASED UWB RECEIVERS
24
24
Simu: TKO+HPF(6MHz)
Simu: TKO+HPF(2MHz)
22
20
20
AWGN
channel
(dB)
16
16
SL
14
AWGN
channel
18
TKO
(dB)
18
12
14
12
10
10
CM 1
channel
8
6
8
CM 1
channel
0
SIR
6
8
(dB)
0
SIR
(dB)
10
Fig. 3.
Theo: SL+BPF(6MHz)
Simu: SL+BPF(6MHz)
Theo: SL+BPF(2MHz)
Simu: SL+BPF(2MHz)
22
BPPMED(AWGN)
BPPMED(CM1)
TKO+HPF(2MHz)
SL+BPF(2MHz)
TKO+HPF(6MHz)
SL+BPF(6MHz)
1599
CM1
channel
10
10
R EFERENCES
AWGN
channel
10
12
10
4
2
SIR B (dB)