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Black Spot Determination of Traffic Accident Locations and Its Spatial Association Characteristic Analysis Based On GIS
Black Spot Determination of Traffic Accident Locations and Its Spatial Association Characteristic Analysis Based On GIS
ABSTRACT
In general, the location of traffic accidents is described as an address with text, so they are difficult to display on the
map. The paper discusses how to utilize the geocoding technology and VRS-GPS positioning technology to record the
traffic accidents with Geo-spatial information. Based on the spatial relationship between traffic accidents and road network elements, two-way association relationship is defined by spatial relationship computation. Then the paper presents
the method which takes the potential of reducing accidents as an index to extract the black spots. Finally, in the discussion, the association relationship between black spots and traffic attributes is used to analyze the factors that resulting in
traffic accidents.
Keywords: Black Spot; Traffic Accident; Spatial Analysis
1. Introduction
With the rapid development of our national economy, the
issue of traffic safety becomes increasingly prominent,
and has attracted widespread attention. Data mining in
traffic accidents, which helps to find the hidden knowledge and rules, has become an important research area in
traffic safety. Currently, most of the traffic information
analysis is limited to general statistical analysis, which is
hard to explore the rules hiding in traffic accident information. Statistical analysis does not have the capability
of map displaying and spatial analysis, and hence is not
able to find the spatial distribution characteristic and relationship between traffic accidents and road network
elements. In recent years, GIS has been developed rapidly and used broadly in the field of traffic safety [1]. In
developed countries, especially the US and Western
Europe, GIS technology has been widely applied to urban traffic information management. In China however,
research into the area of GIS technology applications in
traffic safety were started rather late. The public transport
information system developed by the Ministry of Public
Security is representative of domestic traffic safety systems and it is not completely combined with GIS. The
research groups in Jilin University and Tongji University
have held discussions about project level traffic safety
evaluation information systems based on GIS. In the
meantime, some domestic universities and research institutions have also carried out research into applying
Copyright 2012 SciRes.
H. Y. CHEN
GPS Satellite
GPS Satellite
GPS Satellite
Blue Tooth
GPS Receiver
GPS Satellite
NMEA or SiRF
Blue Tooth
connection
GPRS
connection
VRS Control
center
RTCM
PDA
609
610
H. Y. CHEN
Table 1. Parsing of traffic accident address.
Field Name
Description
ROAD
main road
INTSECRD
KEYWORD
1: traffic accidents which occur on street segments
DISTANCE
SGDD
Road
INTSECRD
KEYWORD
DISTANCE
Zhapu Road
Wujin Road
050
Tongchuan Road
Qilianshan Road
200
Jungang Road
Nangang Road
611
H. Y. CHEN
ROAD
INTSECRD
crossing
point
intersection
DISTANCE
KEYWORD
KEYWORD=0 and
DISTANCE=0
KEYWORD=1and
DISTANCE>0
ROAD runs
east-west
Y
R OAD runs
so uth-north
Y
accident
point
offset to
the west by
DISTANCE
of fset to
th e north
by DISTANCE
end
accident
point
accident
point
end
end
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1: three
2: four
3: multi
1: yes
4: annular
5: combined
0: no
1: urban
0: suburban
Road level
1: main road
One-way/two-way
1: two-way
2: one-way
3: branch
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H. Y. CHEN
613
614
H. Y. CHEN
Table 4. Attributes of microscopic road sections layer adopted to association relationship analysis.
Field name
Description
state
urban
length_km
one_or_two
lanenumber
link_rank
volume
Description
PPDLID
PPDLS
INTSEC_TYP
Volume
Lane number
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14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.7
14
0.6
12
0.5
10
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
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Yellow: Three forks
Red: Multi-forks
25
20
15
10
5
0
Red: Multi-forks
60
25
20
15
29.43
30 29.93
28.64
38.09 36.6
26.89
35.69
48
59.92
26.89
24
36.05
10
5
36
32.38 34.18
24.02 26.89
26.89
26.89
26.80
12
0
H. Y. CHEN
[2]
B. Li. A Component Perspective on Geographic Information Services, Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2000, pp. 75-86.
doi:10.1559/152304000783548055
[3]
[4]
H. Q. Guo, Study on Road Traffic Accidents Information Management System for Harbin Based on GIS,
Masters Thesis, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin,
2007.
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
L. J. Wang and Y. G. Zhi, Differentiation and Improvement of Road Accident-Prone Locations, Journal of
Guang Dong Communications Polytechnic, Vol. 5, No. 4,
2006, pp. 26-29.
6. Conclusion
Traffic accidents are rich with spatial information. But in
general, the location of traffic accidents is described as
an address as text, so the spatiality is difficult to present.
Aided by geocoding technology, spatial coordinates of
traffic accidents are generated. They are consistent with
the coordinate system of the road network and can display on the urban road network visually. Traffic accidents have a close spatial relationship with the road network elements. It is easy to utilize GIS to determine the
road network element one which each traffic accident
occurred, and how many accidents occurred on each road
network element. Thus, it is not only the traffic accidents
that attribute the spatial information, but also road network elements and traffic accident objects are recorded
with their subordinate relations and quantity relationship
in non-spatial attributes. Black spot identification is demanding significant attention in traffic safety analysis.
The paper adopts the method that takes the potential of
reducing accidents as an index to extract the black
spots .Based on the methods of the GIS data storage, the
association relationships between black spots and the
attributes of road network elements are illustrated in
graph diagram. By analyzing the relationship, the main
inducing causes for traffic accidents are identified, which
provides a basis for improving the conditions of traffic
facilities and enhancing traffic safety.
REFERENCES
[1]
617
JGIS