Project Report

on

Design & Development of Desiccant Cooling

system
Submitted aspartial fulfillment for the
award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
DEGREE
SESSION 2014-15
IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By
AKHILESH KUMAR

(1100140009)

DIWAKAR SINGH

(1100140036)

HARSH AGRAWAL

(1100140040)

VIKASH DUBEY

(1100140116)

Under the Supervision of

Prof. R. P. SINHA
&
Prof. PRADEEP PATANWAR

ANAND ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KEETHAM, AGRA

AFFILIATED TO
UTTAR PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

DECLERATION
We hereby declare that the work being presented in this report entitled
Design and Development of Desiccant Cooling System is an
authentic record of our own work carried out under the supervision of
Prof. R.P .SINHA & Prof. PRADEEP PATANWAR.
The matter embodiedin this report has not been submitted by us for the
award of any other degree.

Dated:

Signature of Students
Akhilesh Kumar

(1100140009)

Diwakar Singh

(1100140036)

Harsh Agrawal

(1100140040)

VikashDubey

(1100140116)

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is correct and to
the best of my knowledge.

Signature of HOD

Signature of Supervision

Prof.Jagvir Singh

Prof .R.P Sinha..

Head of the Department

(Mechanical Engineering)

Prof. PradeepPatanwar
(MechanicalEngineering)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled, DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT
submitted

by

OF

DESICCANT

"AKHILESH

COOLING

KUMAR,

HARSH

SYSTEM"
AGRAWAL,

DIWAKAR SINGH, VIKASH DUBEY" in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of BACHELOR DEGREE" in
"MECHANICAL ENGINEERING " is an authentic work carried out
by him under my supervision and guidance.
To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the project
has not been submitted to any other University / Institute for the
award of any Degree or Diploma.

Project Guide
Prof. R. P. Sinha
Prof. PradeeepPatanwar

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to place on record our most sincere gratitude to the Department of
Mechanical Engineering for providing us course of this project work .
We would like to express our gratitude to our guide Prof. R. P. Sinha of Mechanical
Engineering Department for this unflagging inspiration and valuable guidance to
us.His vast practical experience aided immensely in carrying out this project work.
Working underhis guidance was a pleasant and rewarding experience. We
wouldalso like to express our thanks to Prof. Jagvir Singh, HOD Mechanical
Engineering Department and Prof. R. P. Sinha for their continuous inspiration and
motivation bestowed upon us by him.
We renderour sincere thanks to: Prof. Ajay Sharma, Prof. Vikash Sharma, Prof.
Binay Kumar Pandey, Prof. Pradeep Patanwar, Prof. Nikhil Sharma, Prof.
RajendraYadav, Prof. MOhd. Arif for their support and guidance from inception to
completion of this project.
Last but not the least, it is our pleasure to appreciate faculty members and staffs of
the department of Mechanical Engineering who have encouraged directly or
indirectly in completing our project work.

Akhilesh Kumar

(1100140009)

Diwakar Singh

(1100140036)

Harsh Agrawal

(1100140040)

VikashDubey

(1100140116)

LISTS OF FIGURE
Serial no.

Figure number

Figure name

Fig.1

Compact View of
Hybrid Desiccant
Cooling System

Fig.2

Principle of
Desiccant Cooling

Fig.3

Psychometric Chart
Illustrating the
Principle of
Desiccant Cooling

Fig.4

Regenerator

Fig.5

Hybrid Desiccant
Cooling System

Fig.6

System Sketch

Fig.7

Air conditioning
Processes in
Psychometric Chart

Fig.8

Experimental Setup

Fig.9

Schematic Diagram

10

Fig.10

Moisture removal
effectiveness v/s
Inlet Air

Temperature
11

Fig.11
Moisture Removal
Rate v/s Humidity
change

12

Fig.12
Moisture removal
rate v/s Air Flow
Rate

13

Fig.13
Moisture removal
rate v/s Desiccant
Temperature

14

Fig.14
Moisture content v/s
Desiccant Flow Rate

15

16

17

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

Moisture removal
effectiveness v/s
Inlet Air
Temperature
Moisture removal
rate v/s outlet air
temperature
Moisture removal
rate v/s humidity
change

LIST OF TABLES
Serial no.

Table number

Table name

Table 1

Benefits of
Desiccant
Dehumidification

Table 2
Specification of the
measuring devices

INDEX
Chapters Page number
1. Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 The Desiccant Dehumidifier
1.2 The Cooling Unit
1.3 The Regeneration Heat Source

1-11

2. Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Feasibility Studies
2.2 Performance Studies
2.3 Desiccant material studies
2.4 Use of desiccant cooling for preservation purpose

12-18

3. Chapter 3
Hybrid Desiccant Cooling System
3.1 Liquid Desiccant Materials
3.2 Desiccant Cooling System
3.3 Benefits of DesiccantsDehumidification
3.4 Application of Desiccant Dehumidification

19-24

4. Chapter 4
Experimental description

25-30

5. Chapter 5
Modeling of project

31-34

6. Chapter 6
Result and conclusion

35-45

NOMENCLATURE
kJ
C= Specific Heat ( kg . K )
P = Pressure (bar)
T = Temperature (K)
t = Temperature ( C )
= Effectiveness
kg
= Density ( m3 )
= Concentration
= Relative Humidity (%)
g
= Specific Humidity ( kg )
kJ
L = Latent Heat of Condensation of Water ( kg )
g
m = moisture removal rate ( s )
kg
G = mass flow rate ( s )

ABSTRACT
With the drastically change in climatic conditions in recent years, demand for air
conditioning is spreading all over the world. In order to provide the best indoor air
quality and thermal comfort with minimum consumption of energy hybrid
desiccant cooling systems are an approach to effectively manage humidity under
challenging conditions such as buildings with high outdoor air (OA) requirements
located in humid regions. They remove moisture and latent heat (and, possibly,
sensible heat) from process air via a liquid desiccant material, such as Calcium
Chloride (CaCl2) or halide salts.
Hybrid Liquid desiccant AC system has two essential components, an absorber and
a regenerator. In a basic configuration, strong (i.e., concentrated) and cooled liquid
desiccant flows into the absorber and down through a packed bed of granular
particles (or other enhanced mass transfer surface or packing).
Counter flowing return air passes up through the bed, transferring both moisture
and heat to the liquid desiccant. The water absorbed from the air dilutes the liquid
desiccant leaving the bottom of the packed bed, and flows into the regenerator. In
the regenerator, a heat source (gas- or oil-fired, waste heat, solar, etc.) heats the
weak liquid desiccant solution, increasing the vapour pressure of the water.

When the weak desiccant is sprayed on another packed bed, the absorbed moisture
migrates to a counter flowing scavenger air stream to regenerate a concentrated
liquid desiccant solution. Subsequently, the return feed from the regenerator passes
through a cooling tower to remove the heat input from the regenerator. Finally, the
cooled liquid desiccant solution returns to the absorber to complete the cycle.
In this project, an experimental study has been conducted on hybrid desiccant
cooling system by removing the latent heat and sensible heat of air separately by
mixing it with the desiccant solution in a counter flow manner. This makes air
totally dry and thus saves the energy to cool the air in the refrigeration system. The
desiccant chosen here is the aqueous solution of calcium chloride.
The packed bed inside the absorber as well as regenerator consists of
polypropylene cascade ring for efficient mixing of air and desiccant solution. The
effect of various parameters such as desiccant inlet temperature, air inlet
temperature, mass flow rate of air and desiccant solution has been studied to
investigate the performance of the system.