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029 3105 Bunga Rombel1 Tugaske01
029 3105 Bunga Rombel1 Tugaske01
Nama
: Bunga Mahardhika A
NIM
: 4301413105
Rombel
: 01
Absen
: 29
0.
What do you know about acid by Arrhenius, Brondted Lowry and Lewis
1.
Write the chemical equation for the autoionization of water and the equilibrium law for Kw?
2.
3.
At the temperature of the human body, 37 oC, the value of Kw is 2.4 x 10 -14. Calculate the
[H+], [OH-], pH and pOH of pure water at this temperature. What is the relation between pH,
pOH, and Kw at this temperature? Is water neutral at this temperature?
4.
analogous to that of water, is 8.9 x 10-16. Calculate [D+] and [OD-] in deuterium oxide at
20C. Calculate also the pD and the pDO.
5.
Calculate the H+ concentration in each of the following solutions in which the hydroxide ion
concentrations are :
a.a. 0.0024 M
a.b.1.4 x 10-5 M
Calculate the OH- concentration in each of following solutions in which the hydrogen ion
concentrations are
a.a. 3.5 x 10 -8 M
a.b.0.0065 M
a.c. 2.5 x 10 -13 M
a.d.7.5 x 10 -5 M
7.
A certain brand of beer had a hydrogen ion concentration equal to 1.9 x 10-5 mol L-1.What is
the pH of the beer?
8.
] = 1,4 x
mol
9.
. What it's pH ?
10. Calculate the molar concentrations of H+ and OH- in solution that have the following pH
values.
a.
3.14
b.
2.78
c.
9.25
d.
13.24
e.
5.70
11. Calculate the molar concentration of H+ and OH- in solution that have the following pOH
values .
a. 8.26
b. 10.25
c. 4.65
d. 6.18
e. 9.70
12. What is the pH of 0.010 M HCl ?
13. What is the pH of 0.0050 M solution of HNO3 ?
14. A sodium hydroxide solution is prepared by dissolving 6.0 g NaOH in 1.00 L of solution.
What is the pOH and the pH of the solution?
15. A solution was made by dissolving 0.837 g Ba(OH)2 in 100 mL final volume. What is the
pOH and the pH of the solution?
16. A solution of Ca(OH)2 has a measured pH of 11.60. What is the molar concentration of
Ca(OH)2 in the solution?
17. A solution of HCl has a pH of 2.50. How many grams of HCl are there in 250 mL of this
solution.
18. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of each of the following weak acids in water
(For any polyprotic acids , write only the equation for the first step in the ionization).
a. HNO2
b. H3PO4
c. HAsO42d. (CH3)3NH+
19. For each of the acids in exercise 18, write the appropriate Ka expression
20. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of each of following weak bases in water.
a. (CH3)3N
31. Periodic acid,HIO4,is an important oxidizing agent and a moderately strong acid. In a 0.10 M
solution , [H+] = 3.8 x 10-2 mol L-1. Calculate the Ka and pKa for periodic acid!
32. Choloacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a stronger monoprotic acid than acetic acid. In a 0,10 M
solution, this acid is 11 % ionized. Calculate the Ka and pKa for Choloacetic acid.
33. Ethylamine, CH3CH2NH2, has a strong, pungent odor similar to that ammonia. Like
ammonia, it is a Bronsted base. A 0.10 M solution has a pH of 11.86. Calculate the Kb and
pKb for ethylamine.
34. Hidroxylamine, HONH2, like ammonia, is a Bronsted base. A 0.15 M solution has a pH of
10.12. What are Kb and pKb for Hidroxylamine?
35. Refer to data in the preceding question to calculate the percentage ionization of the base in
0.15 M HONH2.
36. What is the pH of 0.125 M pyruvic acid ? It's Ka is 3.2 x 10-3
37.
38. What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of hydrogen peroxide, H 2O2? For this solute, Ka = 1.8 x
10-2
39. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is sometimes used as a disinfectant. What are the
concentrations of all of the substance in a 0.050 M solution of phenol, HC 6H50? What
percentage of the phenol is ionized? For this acid, Ka= 1.3 x 10-10
40. Codeine, a cough suppressant extracted from crude opium, is a weak base with a pKb of
5.79. What will be the pH of a 0.020 M solution of codeine? (Use Cod as a symbol for
codeine)
41. Deuteroammonia, ND3, is a weak base with a pKb of 4.96 at 25 oC. What is the pH of a 0.20
M solution of this compound?
42. A solution of acetic acid has a pH of 2.54. What is the concentration of acetic acid in this
solution ?
43. Aspirin is acetylsalicyclic acid, a monoprotic acid whose K a value is 3,27 x 10-4. does a
solution of the sodium salt of aspirin in water test acidic, basic, or neutral ? Explain
44. The Kb value of the oxalate ion, C2O42-, is 1.9x10-10. Is a solution of K2C2O4 acidic, basic, or
neutral? Explain.
45. Consider the following compounds and suppose that 0.5M solutions are prepared of each :
NaI, KF, (NH4)2SO4, KCN, KC2H3O2, CsNO3, and KBr. Write the formulas of those that have
solutions that are
a. Acidic,
b. Basic, and
c. Neutral.
46. Will an aqueous solution of ALCl3 turn litmus red or blue ? explain?
47. Explain why the beryllium ion is a more acidic cation than the calcium ion.
48. Ammonium nitrate is commonly used in fertilizer mixtures as a source of nitrogen for plant
growth. What effect, if any, will this compound have on the acidity of the moisture in the
ground? Explain.
49. Calculate the pH of 0.20 M NaCN.
50. Calculate the pH of 0,04 M KNO2 ?
51. Calculate the pH of 0.15 M CH3NH3Cl. For CH3NH2, Kb = 4.4 x 10-4
52. A weak base B forms the salt BHCl, composed of the ions BH + and Cl-. A 0.15 M solution of
the salt has a pH of 4.28. What is the value of Kb for the base B?
53. Calculate the number of grams of NH 4Br that have to be dissolved in 1.00 L of water at 25 oC
to have a solution with a pH of 5.16 !
54. The conjugate acid of a molecular base has a hypohetical formula. BH +, and has pKa of 5.00.
A solution of salt of this cation, BHY, tests slightly basic. Will the conjugate acid of Y -, HY,
have a pKa greater than 5.00 or less than 5.00? explain
55. Many drugs that are natural Bronsted bases are put into aqueous solution as their much more
soluble salt with strong acids. The powerful painkiller morphine, for example, is very
slightly soluble in water, but morphine nitrate is quite soluble. We may represent morphine
by the symbol Mor and its conjugate acid as H-Mor +. The pKb of morphine is 6.13. What is
the calculated pH of a 0.20 M solution of H-Mor+?
56. Quinine, an important drug in treating malaria, is a weak Bronsted base that we may
represent as Qu. To make it more soluble in water, it is put into a solution as its conjugate
acid, which we may represent as H-
a.d. How much error is produced by incorrectly using the simplifying assumption?
62. Para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a powerful sunscreening agent whose salt were once
used widely in suntanning...... The parent acid, which we may symbolize as H-Paba, is a
weak acid with a pKa of 4.92 (..... oC). What is the [H+] and pH of 0.030 M solution of this
acid?
63. Barbituric acid, HC4H3N2O3 (which we will abbreviate H-Bar), was discovered by the Nobel
Prize-winning organic chemist Adolph von Baeyer and named after his friend, Barbara. It is
the parent compound of widely sleeping drugs, the barbituretes. Its pKa is 4.01. what is the
[H+] and pH of a 0.050 M solution of H-Bar?
64. Write ionic equation that illustrate how each pair of compounds can serve as a buffer pair.
a. H2CO3 and NaHCO3 (the "carbonate" buffer in blood)
b. NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 (the "phosphate" buffer in side body cells)
c. NH4Cl and NH3
65. Which buffer would be better able to hold a steady pH on the addition of strong acid, buffer
1 or buffer 2? Explain.
Buffer 1 is a solution containing 0.10 M NH4Cl and 1 M NH3.
Buffer 2 is a solution containing 1 M NH4Cl and 0.10 M NH3.
66.
What is the pH of a solution that contains 0.15 M HC2H3O2 and 0.25 M C2H3O2-?
Use Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 for HC2H3O2
67. Rework the preceding problem using the Kb for the acetate ion. ( be sure to write the poper
chemical equation and equilibrium law )
68. By how much will the pH change if 0.050 mol of HCl is added to 1.00 L off the buffer in
Exercise 66.
69. By how much will the pH change if 50.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH is added to 500mL of the
buffer in Exercise 66.
80. What can make the titrated solution at the equivalence point in an acid-base titration have a
pH not equal to 7,00 ? Ho w does this possibility affect the choice of an indicator ?
81. Explain why ethyl red is a better indicator than phenolphtalein in the titration of dilute
ammonia by dilute hydrochloric acid?
82. What is a good indicator for titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid? Explain.
83. In the titration of an acid with base,what condition concerning the quantities of reactans
ought to be true at the equivalence point?
84. When 50 mL of 0.10 M formic acid is titrated with 0.10 M sodium hydroxide, what is the pH
at the equivalence point? (Be sure to take into account the change in volume during the
titration). What is a good indicator for this titration?
85. When 25 mL of 0.10 M aqueous ammonia is titrated with 0.10 M hydrobromic acid, what is
the pH at the equivalence point? What is a good indicator?
86. For the titratin of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M HCl with 0.1000 M NaOH, calculate the pH of the
resulting solution after each of the following quantities of base has been added to the original
solution (you must take into account the change in total volume). Construct a graph showing
the titration curve for this experiment.
a.
0 mL
b.
10.00 mL
c.
24.90 mL
d.
24.99 mL
e.
25.00 mL
f.
25.01 mL
g.
25.10 mL
h.
26.00 mL
i.
50.00 mL
87. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M acetic acid with 0.1000 M NaOH, calculate the
pH:
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution,
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added,
c. After half of the HC2H302 has been neutralized, and
d. At the equivalence point.
88. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M ammonia with 0.1000 M HCl, calculate the pH
a. before the addition of any HCl solution,
b. after 10.00 mL of the acid has been added,
c. after half of the NH3 has been neutralized, and
d. at the equivalence point
ANSWER
1.
2.
Arrhenius
Lewis
Brownsted Lowry
H2O
H+ + OH-
Kw
3.
4.
T = 37oC = 310 K
D1:
Kw = 2.4 x 10-14
[H+], [OH-], pH, pOH
D2:
D3:
H2O H+ + OH-
Kw
Kw
= [H+] [OH-]
2.4 x 10-14 = x2
x
= 1.549 x 10-7
[H+]
= 1.549 x 10-7
[OH-]
pH
= 1.549 x 10-7
= - log [H+]
= - log (1.549 x 10-7)
= 7 log 1.549
= 6.8099
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log (1.549 x 10-7)
= 7 log 1.549
= 6.8099
At this temperature, pH = pOH, and both of them is a half of pKw. The water is neutral.
5.
D1
Kw = 8.9 x 10-16
T = 20C
D2OD+ + OD-
D2
D3
[D+] = [OD-] =
=
= 2.98 x 10-16
pD
= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53
pOD
= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53
6.
: [H+] . . . ?
Answer
= - log [OH-]
= - log 2.4 x 10-3
= 3 - log 2.4
pH
[H+] = 10-11.38
= 4.168 x 10-12 M
b. Known : [OH-] = 1.4 x 10-5 M
Question : [H+] . . . ?
Answer :
[OH-] = 1.4 x 10-5 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1.4 x 10-5
= 5 - log 1.4
pH = 14- (5- log 1.4 )
= 9 + log 1.4
= 9.146
[H+] = 10-9.146
= 7.145 x 10-10 M
c. Known : [OH-] = 5.6 x 10-9 M
Question : [H+] . . . ?
Answer :
[OH-] = 5.6 x 10-9 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 5.6 x 10-9
= 9 - log 5.6
pH = 14- (9- log 5.6 )
= 5 + log 5.6
= 5.748
[H+] = 10-5.748
= 1.786 x 10-6 M
d. Known : [OH-] = 4.2 x 10-13 M
Question : [H+] . . . ?
Answer :
[OH-] = 4.2 x 10-13 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
OH- if H+
a. 3.5 x 10 -8 M
pH = 8- log 3,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (8 - log 3,5)
= 6 + log 3,5
= 6,5
OH- = 10 -6,5
b. 0.0065 M = 6.5 x 10-3
pH = 3- log 6,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (3 - log 6,5)
= 11 + log 6,5
= 11,8
OH- = 10 -11,8
c. 2,5 x 10 -13 M
pH = 13- log 2,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (13 - log 2,5)
= 1 + log 2,5
= 1,39
OH- = 10 -1,39
d. 7,5 x 10-5 M
pH = 5- log 7,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (5 - log 7,5)
= 9 + log 7,5
= 9,8
OH- = 10 -9,8
8.
Info
Question : pH.?
Answer
: pH = -log [H+]
= -log [1.9 x10-5]
= 5-log 1.9
pH = 5 - 0.28
pH = 4.72
9.
Diket
:[
] = 1,4 x
mol
Ditanya : pH ....?
Dijawab : pH = - log [
= - log 1,4 x
pH = 5 - log 1,4
10. Exercise 5
a. [OH-] = x.M
= 2.4 x 10-3
pOH
pH
= 14 - (3 - log 2.4)
= 11 + log 2.4
b. [OH-] = x.M
= 1.4 x 10-5
pOH
pH
= 14 - (5 - log 1.4)
= 9 + log 1.4
c. [OH-] = x.M
= 5.6 x 10-9
pOH
pH
= 14 - (9 - log 5.6)
= 5 + log 5.6
d. [OH-] = x.M
= 4.2 x 10-13
pOH
pH
Exercise 6
a. [H+] = 3.5 x 10-8
pH
pH
= 5 - log 7.5
11. We have,
a.
pH = 3.14
so,
[H+] = 10 - 3.14
b.
[OH-] = 10 - 10.86
pH = 2.78
so,
[H+] = 10 - 2.78
c.
pH = 9.25
so,
pH = 13.24
so,
pH = 5.70
so,
= antilog 8.26
= 10 -8.26
= 5x10-9 M
pH = 14 - 8.26 = 5.74
[ H+ ]
pOH = 8.26
[ OH- ]
[H+] = 10 - 5.70
12. a.
[H+] = 10 - 13.24
e.
[H+] = 10 - 9.25
d.
= antilog 5.74
= 10 -5.74
= 1.819x10-6 M
b.
pOH = 10.25
[ OH- ]
= antilog 10.25
= 10 -10.25
= 5.6x10-11 M
pH = 14 - 10.25 = 3.75
[ H+ ]
= antilog 3.75
= 10 -3.75
= 1.77827x10-4 M
c.
pOH = 4.65
[ OH- ]
= antilog 4.65
= 10 -4.65
= 2.2387x10-5 M
pH = 14 - 4.65 = 9.35
[ H+ ]
= antilog 9.35
= 10 -9.35
= 4.467x10-10 M
d.
pOH = 6.18
[ OH- ]
= antilog 6.18
= 10 -6.18
= 6.6x10-7 M
pH = 14 - 6.18 = 7.82
[ H+ ]
= antilog 7.82
= 10 -7.82
= 1.5x10-8 M
e.
pOH = 9.70
[ OH- ]
= antilog 9.70
= 10 -9.70
= 1.995x10-10 M
pH = 14 - 9.70 = 4.3
[ H+ ]
= antilog 4.3
= 10 -4.3
= 5.0118x10-5 M
13.
Ma = 1 x 10-2 mol/liter
[H+]
= x . Ma
= 1 . 1 x 10-2 mol/liter
= 1 x 10-2 mol/liter
pH
= - log [1 x 10-2]
=2
14. [H+] = x . Ma
pH = - log [ H+]
= 1 x 5 x 10-3
= - log 5 x 10-3
= 5 x 10-3
= 3 - log 5
15. Given
: m NaOH
Asked
= 6.0 gram
V larutan
= 1.00 L
Mr NaOH
= 40
Solution :
[NaOH]
=
=
x
x
= 0.15 M
[OH-]
= 0.15 M
= 1.5 x 10-1 M
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.5 x 10-1
= 1 - log 1.5
= 0.824
pH
= 14 - 0.824
= 13.176
15. Given :
mass Ba(OH)2
= 0.837 g
Mr Ba(OH)2
= 171
= 100 mL
15.
Known
: pH of Ca(OH)2 = 11.60
Asked
: [Ca(OH)2]=..?
Answer
: pOH = pKw - pH
=14 - 11.60
=2.4
pOH = - log [OH-]
[OH-] = 10-2.4
= 3.98 x 10-3
Ca(OH)2 (aq)
[Ca(OH)2]=
= 1.99 x 10-3
So, [Ca(OH)2] = 1.99 x 10-3
16.
Diket: pH HCl=2,5
Volume HCl= 250 Ml
Ditanya: massa HCl pada larutan=?
Jawab:
HCl
H+ +Cl-
pH HCl=2,5
[HCl] = [H+]= 3,16. 10-3M
Mol HCl
= M HCl. V HCl
=3,16. 10-3 . 2,5. 10-1
= 7,9. 10-4 mol
Massa HCl
17.
The ionization of :
a.
HNO2
H+ + NO2-
b. H3PO4
3H+ + PO43-
c. HAsO42-
AsO43- + H+
d. (CH3)3NH+
18.
a. HNO2
b. H3PO4
c. HAsO4 2-
(CH3)3N + H+
H+ + NO2-
3 H+ + PO43-
H+ + AsO43-
d. (CH3)3NH+ (CH3)3N + H+
CH3
19.
Diket : a. (CH3)3N
b. AsO43c. NO2d. (CH3)2N2H2
Dit : write for the appropriate Kb expression from the exercise 20 ?
Jawab :
a. (CH3)3N + H2O
(CH3)3NH+ + OH-
b. AsO43- +H2O
H3AsO4 + 3OH-
H3AsO4 + H2O
As(OH)5
c. NO2- + H2O
d. (CH3)2N2H2 + H2O
21.
C6H5COOH + NaOH
HNO2 + OH-
(CH3)3NH3+ + OH-
C6H5COONa + H2O
C6H5COOH + H+
C6H5COOH
Ka
22.
C6H5CO2- + H2O
C6H5OH + OH-
Kb =
23.
Kb CN =
= 0.1610-4
Kb F =
= 0.1510-10
Ka for HF = 6.8x10-4
What is Kb for F-?
25.
HF
H+ + F-
Kw
= Ka x Kb
10-14
= 6.8x10-4 x Kb
Kb
= 1.47x10-11
Kw = Kb x Ka
10-14 = 1,0 x 10 -10 x Ka
Ka =
Ka = 10 -4
26.
D2
: Kb of HO2 ion
D3
Kb
=
= 5.56 x 10-3
27.
D1
D2
Ka = ...?
D3
Ka
=
= 2.27 x 10-11
28.
: Ka = 1.4 x 10-4
Known
T 25oC
Question : Kb . . .?
Answer
Kw = Ka xKb
10-14 = 1.4 x 10-4 x Kb
29.
Kb
Kb
= 7.14 x 10-11
a. the formula
HIO3
H+ = IO3-
pKa = 0.77
Ka = 5,88 x 10 -1
Ka x Kb = 10-14
Kb =
= 1,7 x 10-14
b. Ka CH3COO- = 1,8 x 10-5
Kb CH3COO- = 5,5 x 10-10
SO, HIO3= is stronger conjugate base then asetate ion.
30.
Info
: 0.1 M HIO4
[H+] = 3.8 x 10-2 mol L-1
:
3.8 x 10-2 =
Ka =
Ka = 1.44 x 10-2
pKa = -log Ka
= -log (1.44 x 10-2)
= 2 - log 1.44
pKa = 1.84
31.
Diket
Ditanya :
dan pKa....?
Dijawab : =
0,11 =
= (0,11)2 x 0,1
= 1,21 x
= 3 - log 1,21
32.
M = 0.1 mol/L
pH = 11.86
pOH = 14 - 11.86 = 2.14
[OH-] = 7.2 x 10-3
pKa = - log Ka
pKa = - log 1,21x
7.2 x 10-3
5.184 x 10-5 : 0.1 = Kb
Kb = 5.184 x 10-4
33.
: Kb ? and pKb ?
Solution : [OH-] =
10-3.88 =
10 -7.76 =
Kb =
Kb = 1.158 x 10 -7
pKb = - Log Kb
= - Log 1.158 x 10 -7
= 7 Log 1.158
= 6.936
34.
D1 : HONH2
M = 0.15 mol/lt
pH = 10.12
Kb = 1.15x10-7 (from exercise 34)
D2 : ?
D3 :
= 0.000878
35.
Ma = 0.125 mol/liter
Ka = 3,2 x 10-3
[H+]
=
=
= 2 x 10-2
pH
= - log [2 x 10-2]
= 2 - log 2
= 2 - 0.301
= 1.699
36.
[H+] =
pH = - log [ H+]
= 3 - log 1.64
= 1.64 x 10-3
37.
Given
: [H2O2]
Ka
Asked
: pH = ....?
Solution
: H2O2
[H+]
= 1.0 M
= 1.8 x 10-2
O2 + 2H+ + 2e-
=
=
= 0.134 M
pH
= - log [H+]
= - log 0.134
= 0.87
38.
Given :
M HC6H5O = 0.050 mol/L
Ka
= 1.3 x 10-10
Question : [H+] = ?
% HC6H5O is ioniozed= ?
Answer:
HC6H5O
39.
0.05
R
A
C6H50
H+
2.55 x 10-6
2.55 x 10-6
2.55 x 10-6
2.55 x 10-6
2.55 x 10-6
Known
Asked
: pH of Cod = .?
Answer
: pKb = - log Kb
Kb = 10 -5.79 = 10 -6
[OH-]=
=
=
= 1.4 x 10 -4
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1.4 x 10 -4
= 4 - log 1.4
= 4 - 0.146
= 3.854
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 3.854
= 10.146
So, pH of Cod = 10.146
40.
=
=
=
= 1,48. 10-3
41.
Given : pH = 2.54
Question : [CH3COOH] .?
Answer :
pH
= - log [H+]
2.54
= - log [H+]
[H+]
= 10-2.54
[H+]
= 2.88 x 10-3
[H+]
2.88 x 10-3 =
(2.88 x 10-3)2= 1.8 x 10-3 x Ma
= 1.8 x 10-5 x Ma
3.2 x 10-1
0.32
42.
= Ma
= Ma
The sodium salt of aspirin is basic, because it from acetylsalyclic acid and sodium
hydroxide. Weaker acid with stronger base want to produce basic salt or if sodium hydroxide
dissolved in water to produce acetylsalicyclic acid and OHNaAcetylsalicyclic + H2O
43.
HAcetylsalicyclic + OH-
K2C2O4 merupakan basa karena K2C2O4 merupakan garam yang terbentuk dari basa kuat
dan asam lemah sehingga garamnya bersifat basa. K 2C2O4 dapat diperoleh dari mereaksikan
basa kuat yaitu KOH dan asam lemah H2C2O4.
Reaksi:
Diket : there are 0,5 M solution are prepared of each : NaI, KF, (NH4)2SO4,
KCN, KC2H3O2, CsNO3, and KBr.
Dit : Write formula of those
a. Acidic
b. Basic
c. Neutral
Jawab :
a. Acidic is (NH4)2SO4 and CsNO3
b. Basic is KF, KCN, KC2H3O2
c. Neutral is NaI and KBr
45.
yes it will. based on Lewis' acid-base theory , AlCl3 is an acid . because its configuration
have a vacant orbital . it means that the central atom of AlCl 3 is not octet yet . so we can
assume that AlCl3 is an acidic acid based on Lewis' acid-base theory.
Berdasrkan teori asam basa Lewis , senyawa AlCl3 merupakan senyawa yang bersifat asam
karena atom pusatnya belum mencapai konfigurasi oktet atau bisa dikatakan masih
mempunyai orbital kosong. Jadi, larutan AlCl3 dapat merubah warna kertas lakmus biru
menjadi merah karena sifat keasamannya .
46.
47.
NH4NO3
NH4+
H2O
NO3
H2O
NO3
NH3
H3O+
If any this compound in the ground, the acidity of the moisture in the ground will increase.
There is H3O+ as a product from the chemical equations above.
48.
[NaCN]= 0.20 M
[OH-] =
=
=
= 1.82x10-5
49.
pOH
= 5 - Log 1.82
pH
= 9 + Log 1.82
K+ + NO2-
KNO2
K+ + H2O
NO2- + H2O
[OH-] =
HNO2 + [OH-]
x [NO2]
=
= 10 -12
pOH = 12
pH
=2
50.
D1
: M CH3NH3Cl
Kb = 4.4 x 10-4
D2
: pH of CH3NH2
D3
[H+]
=
= 1.846 x 10-6
= - log [H+]
pH
D1
D2
D3
pOH
= 14 - 4.28
= 9.72
[OH-]
= 10-9.27
= 1.9 x 10-10
= 0.15
[OH-]
1.9 x 10-10
3.61 x 10-20
= Kb x 0.15
Kb
= 24.067 x 10-20
= 2.4067 x 10-19
52.
Known
: V H2O = 1.00 L
pH = 5.16
Mr NH4Br = 76
T 25oC
Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
Question
: massa of NH4Br . . .?
Answer
:
pH = 5.16
[H+] = 10-5.16
= 6.9 x 10-6
M NH4Br =
=
=
[H+] =
6.9 x10-6 =
(6.9 x 10-6)2 = 5.5 x 10-10 x
5.5 x 10-10 x gram NH4Br = 4.761 x 10-11 x 76
Massa NH4Br = 6.5 gram
53.
[ OH-] =
=
=
=
= 10-5 x [BHY] x 10
pOH
= 5 - log [BHY]
pOH
= pKa HY
Info
: 0.2 M H-Mor+
pKa = 5, Ka = 10-5
pKb = 6.13
Question : pH.?
Answer
: pKb = 6.13
Kb = 10-pKb
= 10-6.13
Kb = 7.41 x 10-7
Mor
H-Mor+
+ H2O
0.2 M
+ OH-
0.2 M
[OH-]=
=
= 7.41 x 10-7
pOH= 7 - log 7.41
=6.13
So, pH = 14 - 6.13
= 7.87
55.
Diket
: [H-
+ H2O
Qu + H3
8,52 = - log Ka
Ka = 3,02 x
HM
+ H2O
0,15
Qu + H3
S 0,15 -
Ka =
pH = - log
3,02 x
= - log 2,13 x
3,02 x
pH = 5 - log 2,13
= 2,13 x
56.
57.
: pH ?
Solution : [H+] =
=
= 9.87 x 10-3
pH = - Log [H+]
= - Log 9.87 x 10-3
= 3 - Log 9.87
= 2.00568
58.
D1 : CH3COOH
M = 10-3 mol/lt
Ka = 1.8x10-5
D2 : and pH ?
D3 :
[ H+ ] =
= 0.134
=
= 1.34x10-4
= Kw
[Cl-]
= [HCl]
[H+]
a. HSO4-
H+ + SO42-
b. Ka =
So, . Ka =
[H+] 2= Ka x [HSO4-]
[H+]2 = 10-2 x 10-2
[H+] = 10-2
c. [H+] =
=
= 1 x 10-2
d. The error has happened in using the simplifying assumption is 0 % because product of
point c is equal to with point b.
61.
Given
[H-Paba]
Asked
Solution
NH2
COOH
pKa
= - log Ka
4.92
= - log Ka
Ka
= 1.2 x 10-5
Ka
1.2 x 10-5
[H+]
[H+]
= 6 x 10-4
pH
= - log [H+]
= 4 - log 6
= 3.22
62.
= 0.030 M
Given :
NH2
COO- + H+
pKa
= 4.01
= 0.050 mol/L
63.
Answer:
a. H2CO3(aq) + NaOH(aq)
NaHCO3(aq) + H2O(l)
Ionic equation:
2H+ (aq) + CO3 2-(aq) + Na+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Weak acid : H2CO3
Conjugation base : HCO3-
NaH2PO4(aq) + H2O
Ionic equation:
3H+(aq) + PO43-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
Ionic equation:
Na+ (aq) + H2PO4- (aq) + Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
NH4Cl (aq)
Ionic equation:
NH3(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
64.
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-4
= 4- log 1,8
pOH = 3,745
pH = 10,255
pH of B solution before added strong acid
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-6
= 6- log 1,8
pOH = 5,74
pH = 8,26
pH of A solution after added strong acid
For example, strong acid which added HCl 0.05 M
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
=1,8 .10-5
= 6. 10-6
= 6- log 6
pOH = 5,22
pH = 8,78
pH solution B after added strong acid
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
=1,8 .10-5
= 8,6. 10-7
= 7- log 8,6
pOH = 6,065
pH = 7,935
Changes in pH of the solution A before plus a strong acid and a pH of the solution after the
addition of a strong acid = (10,255 - 8,78)
= 1,475
Changes in pH of the solution B before plus a strong acid and a pH of the solution after the
addition of a strong acid = (8,26 - 7,935)
= 0,325
In conclusion buffer solution pH is likely to have changed little b solution for pH changes
only 0.325
65.
Given
: C2H2H3O2 H+ +C2H3O2-
M HC2H3O2 : 0.15 M
M C2H3O2- : 0.25 M
Question
: pH .?
Answer
1.8 x 10-5
= [H+]
pH
66.
Diket : M HC2H3O2
= 0.15 M
M C2H3O2-
= 0.25 M
Ka
= 1.8 x 10 -5
Dit
Jawab
67.
[H+] = Ka x
= 1.8 x 10-5 x
=1.081 x 10-5
pH= -log [H+]
= - log 1.081 x 10-5
= 5 - log 1.081
= 4.9664
Perubahan pH= 4.9666 - 4.9664
= 0,0002
Perubahan pH sangat kecil karena jumlah HCL yang di tambahkan sangat sedikit sedangkan
volume buffernya besar.
68.
Diket : 500 mL of Buffer that contain 0,15 M HC2H3O2 and 0,25 M C2H3O2- ?
Ka = 1,8 x 10-5 for HC2H3O2
Dit : How much will pH Change ?
Jawab :
HC2H3O2 + NaOH
C2H3O2Na + H2O
m = 75 mmol
5 mmol
r =
5 mmol
5 mmol _
s=
70 mmol
125 mmol
5 mmol
130 mmol
69.
[OH-]=Kb .
= Kb .
= Kb .
= 1.8 x 10-5 . 1.7857143
= 3.21428574 x 10-5
pOH = 5 - log 2.21428574
pOH = 4.492915518
pH = 9.507084482
b. misal Ka = 10-5
[H+] = Ka
= 10-5
= 10-5
= 10-5 x 0.56
= 5.6 x 10-6
pH = 6 - log 5.6
= 5.25
70.
Given : Buffer
0.25 NH3 and 0.14 NH4+ 1.00 L
Asked
NH4+
0.25mol
0.14 mol
- 0.020mol 0.020mol
+0.02mol
0.23mol
0.16mol
[OH-]
0.020mol
= 1.8x10-5 x
= 2.6x10-5
pOH
= 5-log 2.6
= 5-0.41
= 4.59
pH
= 14 - 4.59 = 9.41
= 6 - log 5.6
pH
= 5.25
= 4.84
75 ml 0.10 M KOH added to 200 ml buffer of 0.25 M NH3 and 0.14 M NH4+
pH buffer
[OH] = Kb
= 110-5
= 1.7910-5
pOH
= log 1.7910-5
= 5 - log 1.79
= 5 0.25
= 4.75
pH
= 14 4.75
= 9.25
OH(aq)
NH3(aq) +
H2O(l)
Before
28 mmol
7.5 mmol
50 mmol
Change
7.5 mmol
7.5 mmol
7.5 mmol
After
20.5 mmol
57.5 mmol
[OH] = Kb
= 110-5
= 2.810-5
pOH
= log 2.810-5
= 5 log 2.8
= 5 - 0.45
= 4.55
pH
= 14 - 4.55
= 9.45
= 4.74, Ka = 1.8x10-5
10-5
=0.0833
Ka = 1.8 x 10 -4
[H+] = 1.58 x 10 -4
= Ka
1.58 x 10 -4 = 1.8 x 10 -4
1.58 x 10 -4 =
X
= 0,14 mol
0.14 =
massa NaC2HO2 = 9.3 gram
74.
D1
D2
D3
pOH
= 4.75
[OH-]
= Kb
=
75.
D1
pH buffer = 10.00
76.
D2
m NH4Cl = ...?
D3
= Kb
10-14
= 1.8 x 10-14 .
10-14
= 0.018 x n AK
n AK
= 5.556 x 10-3
n AK
5.556 x 10-3
= 0.297 gram
Known
: V NH3 = 125 mL
M NH3= 0.10 mol/L
pH
= 9.15
Kb
= 1.8 x 10-4.85
Question
: massa of NH4Cl . . .?
Answer
[OH-]
= Kb
25 mL 0,1 M HCl
Ka CH3COOH = 1,8 x 10 -5
a. [ H+] = Ka
= 1,8 x 10 -5 x
= 1,64 x 10-5
pH = 5 - log 1,64
= 4, 79
[H+] = Ka x
= 1,8 x 10-5 x
= 1,8x 10 -5 x
= 1,72 x 10-5
pH = 5 - log 1,72
= 4,76
b. Sama. Pengenceran dengan penambahan air pada buffer, pH akan tetap karena penentu
pH buffer adalah jumlah mol bukan konsentrasi buffer
78.
Info
: 0.15 M HCl
100 mL of buffer
[H+]
a)
4.45 x 10-5
= 0.049
= 0.049
0.15 . V = 0.049
V=
V= 0.33 L
V= 330 mL
b) The amount of HCl is added is the same, namely 330 ml, Buffer coupled with
water (dilution) pH fixed for determining the pH of the buffer is not the number
of moles of buffer concentration.
ame as the mean one acidic or alkaline solution is weak. Choosing indicators affect titration
process as to determine the end point of the titration with marked changes in color,
according to the expected pH range so that the selection of the indicators used are not
wrong.
79.
Methyl red is a better indicator than phenolphtalein in the titration of dilute ammonia by
dilute hydrochloric acid because the result of ammonia and hydrochloric acid is a solution
that has pH < 7 ( influenced by hydrochloric acid as a strong acid and ammonia is a weak
base ). Which is pH range of methyl red is 4.4 -6.2 and pH range of phenolphtalein is 8.3
-10.0
80.
For titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid we use metilred indicator as a
good indicator. Titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid is example of titration
strong base and weak acid. The equivalen point is occur in value of pH smaller than 7, so we
must use indicator that have trayek of pH under 7, for example indicator metilred that have
trayek of pH from 4.8 until 6.
81.
the quantities of reactans ought to be true at the equivalence point when the mols
equivalence of acis as same as the mols equivalence of base.
82.
Ka
Va x Ma
Vb x Mb
0.05 x 0.1
Vb x 0.1
Vb
0.05 L
nb
Vtotal
= 1.8 x 10-4
M:
0.005 mol
R:
0.005 mol
S :[OH-] =
0.005 mol
0.005 mol
0.005 mol
0.005 mol
=
= 1.67 x 10-6
pOH
= 6 - log 1.67
pH
= 14 - 6 + log 1.67
= 8 + log 1.67
= 8 + 0.223
= 8.223
Because it is on route pH 5.2 to 6.8, the indicator used is bromine cresol purple.
83.
Given:
V NH3
= 25 mL
M NH3
= 0.10 mol/L
Kb NH3
= 1.8 x 10-5
M HBr
= 0.10 mol/L
HBR
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
NH4Br
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
84.
Given
: [HCl]
= 0.1000 M
[NaOH]
= 0.1000 M
V HCl
= 25 mL
Asked
Solution
= ...?
a. V NaOH = 0 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
R 0
S 2.5
[HCl]
=
= 0.1
[H+]
= 1 x 0.1
= 0.1
= - log [H+]
pH
= - log 0.1
=1
b. V NaOH = 10.00 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
R 1
S 1.5
[HCl]
=
= 0.043
[H+]
= 1 x 0.043
= 0.043
= - log [H+]
pH
= - log 0.043
= 1.37
c. V NaOH = 24.90 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.49
R 2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
S 0.01
2.49
2.49
[HCl]
=
= 2.0 x 10-4
[H+]
= 1 x (2.0 x 10-4)
= 2.0 x 10-4
pH
= - log [H+]
= - log 2.0 x 10-4
= 3.698
d. V NaOH = 24.99 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.499
R 2.499 2.499
2.499
2.499
S 1x10-3 -
2.499
2.499
[HCl]
=
= 2.0 x 10-5
[H+]
= 1 x (2.0x10-5)
= 2.0 x 10-5
= - log [H+]
pH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.5
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S -
2.5
2.5
f. V NaOH = 25.01 mL
HCl + NaOH
M 2.5
2.501
NaCl + H2O
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S -
1x10-3
2.5
2.5
[NaOH]
=
= 1.9996 x 10-5
[OH-]
= 1 x (1.9996 x 10-5)
= 1.9996 x 10-5
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.9996 x 10-5
= 4.699
pH
= 14 - 4.699
= 9.3
g. V NaOH = 25.10 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.51
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S -
0.01
2.5
2.5
[NaOH]
=
= 1.996 x 10-4
[OH-]
= 1 x (1.996 x 10-4)
= 1.996 x 10-4
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.996 x 10-4
= 3.7
pH
= 14 - 3.7
= 10.3
h. V NaOH = 26.00 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
2.6
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S -
0.1
2.5
2.5
[NaOH]
=
= 1.96 x 10-3
[OH-]
= 1 x (1.96 x 10-3)
= 1.96 x 10-3
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log 1.96 x 10-3
= 2.7
pH
= 14 - 2.7
= 11.3
i. V NaOH = 50.00 mL
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
M 2.5
R 2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
S -
2.5
2.5
2.5
[NaOH]
=
= 0.033
[OH-]
= 1 x (0.033)
= 0.033
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log 0.033
= 1.477
pH
= 14 - 1.477
= 12.523
85.
Given :
V
= 25 mL
Ka
= 1.8 x 10-5
Question :
Calculate pH=
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution,
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added,
c. After half of the HC2H302 has been neutralized, and
d. At the equivalence point.
Answer :
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution, it means calculate pH of a weak acid.
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added means that we calculate pH of acid buffer.
CH3COOH + NaOH
B
2.5 mmol
1 mmol
1.5 mmol
1 mmol
1 mmol
-
CH3COONa + H2O
1 mmol
1 mmol
1 mmol
1 mmol
c. At a half of the HC2H3O2 means that the number of acid moles equal to a half the moles
of base.
CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa +
H2O
2.5 mmol
1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol
log1.8
= 4.744
d. At equivalence point means that the number of acid moles equal to the moles of base.
CH3COOH + NaOH
B
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
CH3COONa +
H2O
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
86.
Answer:
a. Known : 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M NH3
Asked : pH.?
Answer : [OH-] =
=
=
= 10 -3
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-3
=3
pH
= pKw - pOH
= 14 - 3
= 11
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
React:
After : 1.5mmol -
[OH-] = Kb x
= 10-5 x
= 1.5 x 10-5
1 mmol
= pKw - pOH
= 14 - 4.824
= 9.176
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
1.25
React:
1.25
1.25
1.25
[OH-] = Kb x
= 10-5 x
= 10-5
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-5
=5
1.25 mmol
pH
= pKw - pOH
= 14 - 5
=9
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
2.5
React:
2.5
2.5
2.5 mmol
2.5
After : -
= V x 0.1
V = 25 mL
[H+] =
=
=
= 0,7 x 10 -5
pH
= - log [H+]
= - log 0,7 x 10 -5
= 5 - log 0.7
= 5 - (-0.15)
= 5.15
So, pH at the equivalence point are 5.15