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Formal Lab
Formal Lab
CHEM 1002
Reduction-Oxidation Titration
Name: Nizar Ismail
Partners Name: Adam Hughes
Group: Wednesday AM, group C
Date of experiment: January 28th, 2015
Purpose:
Page | 1
Theory:
A redox reaction is the transfer of electrons from one species to another. The specie which gains
electrons is said to be reduced (oxidizing agent), and the specie losing electrons is said to be
oxidized. The cation iron (ii), (Fe2+), is said to be oxidized due to its loss of electrons. Potassium
permanganate is the oxidizing agent in this experiment, as it gains electrons. The iron (ii), (Fe2+)
cation loses one more electron to be iron (iii), (Fe3+) cation. The ratio of the number of moles of
Fe2+ oxidized per mole of oxidizing agent can be determined by a balanced stoichiometric
reaction equation.
There are four main essential conditions needed to analyse the titration using redox reaction in
the same way of analyzing an acid-base reaction which are:
The reaction must be spontaneous. Which means it should goes in the forward direction.
There has to be a sufficient indicator.
Fe2+
Fe3+ + 1e-
(1.1)
Page | 2
Reduction of MnO4-:
Mn2+ + 12H2O
In order to cancel all electrons, the oxidation reaction is multiplied by five, therefore:
2. The titration is carried out in an acidic medium by adding excess H2SO4 and a high
5MnO2 + 4H3O+
Is a side reaction that could occur if the solution isnt acidic enough.
Oxidation of C2O42-:
C2O42-
Reduction of MnO4-:
2CO2 + 2e-
Mn2+ + 12H2O
(In order to cancel all electrons, both reactions are multiplied by a factor of five)
Observations:
Page | 3
Data:
Table 1.Unknown Fe2+ information:
Accepted value of % Fe2+
1.2%
Sample Number
222
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Mass, Initial(g)
0.0000 0.0001
0.0000 0.0001
0.0000 0.0001
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 1
Trial 2
Mass,Initial(g)
0.0000 0.0001
0.0000 0.0001
Table 5.KMnO4Titration Volumes from the Buret in titrations of the Fe2+ sample:
Trial 1
Page | 4
Trial 2
21.60 0.05
18.40 0.05
2.80 0.10
Calculations:
1. Calculation of 90% of KMnO4 added during standardization of KMnO4:
90% of KMnO4 in mL =
MNa 2 C 2O 4
2 mol
1
0.9 1000
( MWNa
)
2C 2 O 4 5 mol 0.02
Trail 1:
90% of KMnO4 in mL =
0.002 g 2
1
)
0.9 1000
( 0.2552
133.9985 g /mol 5 0.02
= 34.28 mL 34.28 mL
Trial 2:
90% of KMnO4 in mL =
0.002 g 2
1
)
0.9 1000
( 0.2644
133.9985 g/mol 5 0.02
= 35.51 mL 35.51 mL
Trial 3:
90% of KMnO4 in mL =
0.002 g 2
1
)
0.9 1000
( 0.2837
133.9985 g/mol 5 0.02
= 38.109 mL 38.12 mL
2. Calculation of [KMnO4]:
[KMnO4] =
2C2O 4 2
1
)(
( MNa
MWNaC 2 O 4 5 Volume ( Litres) KMnO 4 )
Page | 5
Trial 1:
[KMnO4] =
0.2552 g
2
1
)(
( 133.9985
g /mol 5 0.0375 L )
= 0.0203 mol/L
Trial 2:
[KMnO4] =
0.2644 g
2
1
)(
( 133.9985
g /mol 5 0.0368 L )
= 0.0214 mol/L
Trial 3:
[KMnO4] =
0.2837 g
2
1
( 133.9985
g /mol 5 )( 0.04098 L )
= 0.0207 mol/L
0.0203
Average =
mol
mol
mol
+0.0214
+0.0207
L
L
L
3
of values
number of values
= 0.0208 mol/ L
Page | 6
Percentage Uncertainty =
volume error
100 )+ (
100 )
( masserror
mass
volume
Trial 1
Percent uncertainty =
0.1
100 )+ (
100 )
( 0.0002
0.2552
3.2
= 3.20%
Trial 2
Percent uncertainty =
0.1
100 ) +(
100 )
( 0.0002
0.2644
0.7
= 14.36%
0.1
100 )+ (
100 )
( 0.0002
0.2827
2.86
= 4.20%
Trial 3
Percent uncertainty =
= 7.25%
Relative spread =
Relative spread =
Page | 7
% Fe =
100
Trial 1:
% Fe2+ =
% Fe2+ =
= 1.10%
Trial 2
Average =
= 1.07%
1.10 +1.07
2
= 1.085% 1.1%
Percent Error =
1.085 1.2
100
1.2
= -9.58 %
6. Calculation of Percentage Uncertainty:
Trial 1:
Percent uncertainty=
0.1
100 )+ (
100 )
( 0.0002
1.5780
3.0
= 2.35%
Trial 2
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Percent uncertainty=
7.
0.1
100 )+ (
100 )
( 0.0002
1.5208
2.8
Average =
8.
Relative spread =
2.35+ 3.58
2
= 3.58%
= 2.965%
3.58 2.35
1000 = 415 ppt
2.965
Discussion:
The objective of this experiment was to determine the percentage of iron (ii) in an unknown
sample by redox titration. The accepted value for the percentage of iron (ii) in the unknown
sample is 1.2%, the calculated experimental value was calculated to be 1.1%. The experimental
value was slightly less than the accepted value; therefore the experiment was carried out
precisely and accurately. However, the factors that may have affected this slight difference could
be:
1. The addition of a few more KMnO4 drops after reaching the end point.
2. The further oxidation of iron (ii) to iron (iii). This happens due to the contact of air with
the experiment.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the accepted value of the sample given (sample #222) was 1.2%, and the
experimental value was calculated to be 1.1%. The percentage uncertainty of the standardization
was calculated to be 7.25%, and the relative spread as 52.9 ppt. However, the percentage
uncertainty of the%Fe2+ was calculated to be 2.965%, and the relative spread as 415 ppt.
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