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World View
World View
World View
A comprehensive world view (or worldview) is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society
encompassing the entirety of the individual or societys
knowledge and point of view. A world view can include
natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics.[1]
The term is a calque of the German word Weltanschauung [vlt.ana.] ( ), composed of Welt ('world')
and Anschauung ('view' or 'outlook').[2]
1
1.1
Origins
Linguistics
'Weltansicht' was used by Humboldt to refer to the overarching conceptual and sensorial apprehension of reality
shared by a linguistic community (Nation). But HumEdward Sapir also gives an account of the relationship boldt maintained that the speaking human being was the
between thinking and speaking in English.
core of language. Speech maintains worldviews. WorldThe linguistic relativity hypothesis of Benjamin Lee views are not prisons which contain and constrain us, they
1
ORIGINS
are the spaces we develop within, create and resist cre- According to Apostel, a worldview is an ontology, or a
atively in speaking together.
descriptive model of the world. It should comprise these
Worldview can be expressed as the fundamental cogni- six elements:
tive, aective, and evaluative presuppositions a group of
people make about the nature of things, and which they
use to order their lives.[5]
If it were possible to draw a map of the world on the
basis of Weltanschauung, it would probably be seen to
cross political borders Weltanschauung is the product of political borders and common experiences of
a people from a geographical region,[6] environmentalclimatic conditions, the economic resources available,
socio-cultural systems, and the language family.[6] (The
work of the population geneticist Luigi Luca CavalliSforza aims to show the gene-linguistic co-evolution of
people).
6. An etiology. A constructed world-view should conIf the SapirWhorf hypothesis is correct, the worldview
tain an account of its own building blocks, its orimap of the world would be similar to the linguistic map of
gins and construction.
the world. However, it would also almost coincide with
a map of the world drawn on the basis of music across
people.[7]
1.5 Terror management theory
Main article: Terror management theory
1.3
Folk-epics
Using a test of death-thought accessibility (DTA), involving an ambiguous word completion test (e.g. COFF__
could either be completed as either COFFEE or COFFIN), participants who had read the essay attacking their
worldview were found to have a signicantly higher level
of DTA than the control group, who read a similar essay attacking Australian cultural values. Mood was also
measured following the worldview threat, to test whether
the increase in death thoughts following worldview threat
were due to other causes, for example, anger at the attack
1.4 Development
on ones cultural worldview.[8] No signicant changes
found immediately following the
While Apostel and his followers clearly hold that indi- on mood scales were
[8]
worldview
threat.
viduals can construct worldviews, other writers regard
worldviews as operating at a community level, or in an To test the generalisability of these ndings to groups and
unconscious way. For instance, if ones worldview is xed worldviews other than those of nationalistic Canadians,
by ones language, as according to a strong version of the Schimel et al conducted a similar experiment on a group
SapirWhorf hypothesis, one would have to learn or in- of religious individuals whose worldview included that
vent a new language in order to construct a new world- of creationism.[8] Participants were asked to read an essay which argued in support of the theory of evolution,
view.
2.2
Other aspects
Impact
2.1
Causality
3 Religion
Nishida Kitaro wrote extensively on the Religious
Worldview in exploring the philosophical signicance
of Eastern religions.[11]
According to Neo-Calvinist David Naugle's World view:
The History of a Concept, Conceiving of Christianity as
a worldview has been one of the most signicant developments in the recent history of the church.[12]
The Christian thinker James W. Sire denes a worldview
as a commitment, a fundamental orientation of the heart,
that can be expressed as a story or in a set of presuppositions (assumptions which may be true, partially true,
or entirely false) which we hold (consciously or subconsciously, consistently or inconsistently) about the basic
construction of reality, and that provides the foundation
on which we live and move and have our being. He suggests that we should all think in terms of worldviews,
that is, with a consciousness not only of our own way of
thought but also that of other people, so that we can rst
understand and then genuinely communicate with others
in our pluralistic society.[13]
The commitment mentioned by James W. Sire can be
extended further. The worldview increases the commitment to serve the world. With the change of a persons
view towards the world the can be motivated to the serve
the world. This serving attitude has been illustrated by
Tareq M Zayed as the 'Emancipatory Worldview' in his
writing History of emancipatory worldview of Muslim
learners.[14]
4 Philosophy
Main article: Belief system
The philosophical importance of worldviews became increasingly clear during the 20th Century for a number
of reasons, such as increasing contact between cultures,
Some forms of philosophical naturalism and materialism and the failure of some aspects of the Enlightenment
reject the validity of entities inaccessible to natural sci- project, such as the rationalist project of attaining all truth
ence. They view the scientic method as the most reliable by reason alone. Mathematical logic showed that funmodel for building an understanding of the world.
damental choices of axioms were essential in deductive
4
reasoning[15] and that, even having chosen axioms not everything that was true in a given logical system could be
proven.[16] Some philosophers believe the problems extend to the inconsistencies and failures which plagued
the Enlightenment attempt to identify universal moral
and rational principles";[17] although Enlightenment principles such as universal surage and the universal declaration of human rights are accepted, if not taken for
granted, by many.[18]
Neoliberal Globalism believes that at home governments should provide only basic public goods like
infrastructure and security, and do so by marketfriendly methods
Social Democratic Liberalism claims an economic
safety net, protecting citizens from unemployment,
sickness, poverty in old age and other disasters, is
necessary if democratic government is to retain popular support.
Populist Nationalism tends to favor restriction of
legal as well as illegal immigration to protect the
core stock of the tribe-state from dilution by different races, ethnic groups or religions. Populist
nationalism also tends to favor protectionist policies that shield workers and businesses, particularly
small businesses, from foreign competition.
5
Libertarian Isolationism would abandon foreign alliances, dismantle most of its military, and return to
a 19th-century pattern of decentralized government
and an economy based on small businesses and small
farms.
Green Malthusianism synthesizes mystical versions
of environmentalism with alarm about population
growth in the tradition of the Rev. Thomas Malthus
Not all people will t neatly into only one category or the
other, but Lind argues that their core worldview shapes
how they frame their arguments.[31]
Received view
Religion
Scientic modeling
Scientism
Social justice
Social reality
Socially constructed reality
Subjective logic
Truth
See also
Attitude polarization
Belief
Belief networks
Christian worldview
Cognitive bias
Contemplation
Cultural identity
Emancipatory Worldview
Eschatology
Extrospection
Ideology
Life stance
Mental model
Metaknowledge
Metanarrative
Metaphysics
Mindset
Ontology
Organizing principle
Paradigm
Perspective
Philosophy
Psycholinguistics
Reality
Reality tunnel
Umwelt
Value system
7 References
[1] Palmer, Gary B. (1996). Toward A Theory of Cultural
Linguistics. University of Texas Press. p. 114. ISBN
978-0-292-76569-6.
[2] Online Etymology Dictionary. Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
[3] Kay, P.; Kempton, W. (1984). What is the Sapir-Whorf
Hypothesis?". American Anthropologist 86 (1): 6579.
doi:10.1525/aa.1984.86.1.02a00050. JSTOR 679389.
[4] http://www.mpi.nl/world/ Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
[5] Hiebert, Paul G. Transforming Worldviews: an anthropological understanding of how people change. Grand
Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2008
[6] Carroll, John B. (ed.) [1956] (1997). Language, Thought,
and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf.
Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. ISBN 0-262-73006-5.
[7] Whorf, Benjamin (John Carroll, Editor) (1956). Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. MIT Press.
[8] Schimel, J., Hayes, J., Williams, T., & Jahrig, J. (2007). Is
Death Really the Worm at the Core? Converging Evidence
that Worldview Threat Increases Death-Thought Accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.
92, No. 5, pp. 789-803.
[9] Goldenberg, J. L., Cox, C. R., Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., & Solomon, S. (2002). Understanding human
ambivalence about sex: The eects of stripping sex of
meaning. Journal of Sex Research, 39, 310320.
[10] Victor Klemperer, The Language of the Third Reich: A
Philologists Notebook, trans. Martin Brady, London:
Continuum, 2002
EXTERNAL LINKS
8 External links
GLOGO - Global Governance System for Planet
Earth at think tank Gold Mercury International
Diederik Aerts, Leo Apostel, Bart de Moor, Staf
Hellemans, Edel Maex, Hubert van Belle & Jan van
der Veken (1994) "World views. From Fragmentation to Integration" VUB Press. Translation of
(Apostel and Van der Veken 1991) with some additions. The basic book of World Views, from the
Center Leo Apostel.
Apostel, Leo and Van der Veken, Jan.
Wereldbeelden, DNB/Pelckmans.
(1991)
You are what you speak PDF (5.15 MB) an essay on current research in linguistic relativity (Lera
Boroditsky)
[21] see eg Daniel Hill and Randal Rauser Christian Philosophy AZ Edinburgh University Press (2006) ISBN 978-07486-2152-1 p200
[28] Jsang, Audun (2001). International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 9 (3):
279311. doi:10.1142/S0218488501000831.
7
Eugene Webb, Worldview and Mind: Religious
Thought and Psychological Development. Columbia,
MO: University of Missouri Press, 2009.
Benjamin Gal-Or, Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy, Springer Verlag, 1981, 1983, 1987, ISBN 0387-90581-2, ISBN 0-387-96526-2.
Eduard Pogorskiy World View // Knowledge. Understanding. Skill. 2012. 4. P. 322
323.
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, 2011. 09(73). . 310 319.
: http://ej.kubagro.ru/2011/09/pdf/
29.pdf (http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17087744)
9.1
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