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Pathophysiology of HTN and CHF Leading To Pleural Effusion Causing Cardiac Tamponade Secondary To Pericarditis
Pathophysiology of HTN and CHF Leading To Pleural Effusion Causing Cardiac Tamponade Secondary To Pericarditis
In
Hypertension
Predisposing Factors:
Increasing age
Males in >55 years; Females in
<55 years
Family history
Ethnicity
Socioeconomic status
Cerebrovascular
Disease
Hypertensive Heart
Disease
Peripheral Vascular
Disease
Left-Sided Failure
Pulmonary
congestion
and edema
CO2 and O2
Increased
pressure in
blood
vessels of
lungs
(+) Crackles
Pulmonary
hypertension
Right-sided
hypertrophy
Causes:
Idiopathic
Viral infection
(most common:
Coxsackie B virus)
Uremia
Bacterial infection
Myocardial
infarction
Cardiac surgery
Tuberculosis
Neoplasm
Radiation to the
chest
Trauma
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Tachycardia
Cold and clammy
skin
Pallor or cyanosis
Chest pain
Restlessness,
confusion,
decreased
attention span,
decreased memory
Right-Sided Failure
Precipitating Factors:
Excessive alcohol intake
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes
Elevated serum lipids
Excessive dietary sodium
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Stress
Heart Failure
Ventricular Failure
Increased hydrostatic
pressure
Impaired renal
perfusion
Increasing
pressure in the
pleural
capillaries
Increased fluid
Decreased
urinary
output
during the
day
Increased
urinary
output
during the
night
Leaking of fluid
into the
pericardium
Stretching of the
ventricular and
atrial tissues
Transudation of
fluid from
capillaries into
the pleural
space
Pleural Effusion
Infiltration of
fluid into the
pericardium
Enlargement of the
chambers of the
heart
Alteration in the
normal electrical
pathway, especially
in atria
Muffled
heart
sounds
Pericardial
effusion
Dysrhythmias
Pericarditis
Pulmonary tissue
compression
Phrenic nerve
compression
Cough and
tachypnea
Hoarseness
Pericardial effusion
increases in volume
Cardiac Tamponade
Decreased O2
Hypotension
Systemic venous
congestion
Pulmonary
venous
congestion
Hypoxia
Crackles
Cyanosis
Syncope
Dyspnea
Jugular venous
distention
Hepatomegaly
ascites
Peripheral
edema