1.

Liquid penetrant testing is capable of detecting:

a. Intergranular stress corrosion cracking discontinuities
b. Discontinuities open to the surface
c. Subsurface discontinuities
d. All of the above
2. Before conducting a liquid penetrant test, it is important to ensure that the surface of the
part is free of:
a. Oil or grease
b. Acids or chromates
c. Traces of water
d. All of the above
3. The principle of operation of the penetrant method of non-destructive testing is mainly
related to ?
a. The wetability of the penetrant.
b. The volatility of the penetrant.
c. Capillary forces.
d. Emissivity.
4. Subsurface dicontinuities can be best detected by:
a. The post-emulsification penetant method
b. The visible dye penetrant method
c. The fluorescent water washable penetrant method
d. None of the above
e. All of the all above
5. Which of the following methods for applying non-aqueous developer is normally
considered most effective ?
a. Spraying.
b. Swapping.
c. Brushing.
d. Dipping.
6. Which of the methods listed below, the most effective means of pre-cleaning a test item
prior to penetrant test is :
a. Vapor degreasing.
b. Detergent cleaning.
c. Steam cleaning.
d. Solvent wiping.

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7. When using post-emulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during washing

operation can be overcome by :
a. Re-applying a coating of emulsifier.
b. Increasing the water pressure used during the washing operation.
c. Completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation and by using a longer
emulsifier time.
d. Dipping the part in boiling water.
8. Which of the following is not function of developer used in penetrant testing?
a. To blot penetrant from discontinuities
b. To aid in providing an image of a discontinuity
c. To add fluorescent to penetrants
d. To help control bleed out
9. Which of the primary limitation of liquid penetrant testing?
a. Penetrant testing cannot be used of ferromagnetic material
b. Penetrant testing cannot locate hollow surface discontinuities
c. Penetrant testing cannot be used on non-metallic surface
d. Penetrant testing cannot locate subsurface discontinuities
10. In penetrant testing, the time period from developer to inspection is often referred as?
a. Emulsification time
b. Development time
c. Dwell time
d. None of the above
11. The penetrant indication of a forging lap will normally be :
a. A rounded or nearly rounded indication.
b. A cluster of indication
c. A continuous line.
d. A dotted line.
12. While penetrant testing, spherical indication on the surface of a part could be indicative
of :
a. Fatigue cracks.
b. Porosity
c. Weld laps.
d. Hot tears.
13. Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications?
a. Excessive washing.
b. Inadequate application of developers.
c. Penetrant or part is too cold during penetration time.
d. Lint or dirt.

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14. The ability of the penetrant to penetrate a discontinuity is controlled by its:

a. Surface tension
b. Contact angle
c. Viscosity
d. Both A and B above
15. Developer may be applied by?
a. Spraying.
b. Dipping.
c. Flowing.
d. Electrostatic spraying
e. All of the above.
16. Why are emulsifier either sprayed or dip but not brushed on ?
a. The brush will be abrasive to the component tested.
b. Brush will mix the emulsifier and penetrant too fast.
c. Brushing will retain the penetrant.
d. Electrostatic spraying.
e. All of the above.
17. If a painted component should be required to be examined by the penetrant method, the
first action should be ?
a. To remove the paint from the component.
b. To degrease the component.
c. To apply the penetrant over the surface.
d. The order of the above actions does not matter
18. The penetrant method of non-destructive testing is particularly useful in detecting :
a. Internal inclusions.
b. Changes in materials hardness.
c. Surface breaking cracks.
d. Changes in material permeability.
19. Penetrant Testing :
a. Gives better sensitivity than Magnetic Particle Testing.
b. Can only be used on ferromagnetic materials.
c. Always gives red indications on surface openings.
d. Is not recommended to be used on specimen covered with grease.
20. Which of the following foreign matter might block the openings of discontinuities if the
surface of a test specimen is not properly cleaned:
a. paint
b. scale
c. core and mold material
d. all of the above

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21. Visible penetrant may be applied by:

a. brushing
b. spraying
c. dipping
d. all of the above
22. Using a black light lamp with a cracked filter or without the filter in place can cause
damage to human eyes because the lamp emits:
a. black light
b. ultraviolet light
c. infrared light
d. none of the above
23. The term used to define the period of time in which the test part is covered with penetrant
is:
a. waiting time
b. soak time (drain time)
c. penetration time (dwell time)
d. bleed-in time
24. A pentrant inspection cannot find:
a. surface porosity
b. surface cracks
c. an internal cavity
d. a surface forging lap
25. The terms dry, aqueous wet, and nonaqueous wet are used to describe three
different types of:
a. emulsifiers
b. cleaners
c. developers
d. penetrants
26. Which of the following surface contaminants cant be removed by cleaning parts in a
vapor degreaser:
a. grease
b. rust
c. heavy oil
d. soluble oil
27. All of the following materials can be effectively tested with liquid penetrant, except:
a. aluminium
b. unglazed ceramics
c. glass
d. magnesium

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28. Which is not an advantages of a post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant?

a. Fluorescence ensures visibility.
b. Cannot be easily washed.
c. High sensitivity for very thin discontinuation.
d. Requires for emulsifier application.
29. Solvent removable penetrant :
a. Normally used for high sensitivity fine defect finding
b. Required heavy instruments.
c. No required water for rinsing excess penetrant.
d. Ideal for used on rough surfaces such as cast component.
30. Which of the following is not TRUE about fluorescence
a. Fluorescence degrades with exposure to ordinary light.
b. Fluorescence can be arrested entirely at high temperature.
c. Fluorescence can only be used in darkroom.
d. Fluorescence emit visible light under UV-light.
31. The most important critical step for penetrant inspection is :
a. Pre-cleaning.
b. Application of penetrant.
c. Application of developer.
d. Post-cleaning.
32. When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible dye penterant,
there are several ways to remove excess penetrant from the surface of the part. Which of
the methods listed below is generally regarded as the most suitable for giving accurate
result.
a. Squirting solvent over the surface with not more than 40 psi.
b. Wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with dry cloth.
c. Wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth
d. Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, and finally
wiping with dry cloth.
33. Prior to penetrant testing of a previously machined soft metal part, which of the cleaning
methods listed below would best remove any smeared metal that could mask
discontinuities?
a. Etching.
b. Shot peening.
c. Alkaline cleaning.
d. Water cleaning with detergents.

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34. What is the main effect viscosity have on penetrant ?

a. The ability to enter flaws
b. The colour of the penetrant
c. The speed of flow
d. The capillarity
35. Which of the following is commonly used classification for penetrant ?
a. Nonferrous penetrant.
b. Chemical etch penetrant.
c. Nonaqueous penetrant.
d. Post-emulsifiable penetrant.
36. When an inspector is working in a darkened area, he should become adjusted to the dark
before inspecting. The generally accepted time period for becoming accustomed to the
dark is :
a. One minute.
b. Five minutes.
c. Ten to fifteen minutes.
d. No waiting period is necessary.
37. Which of the following are commonly accepted for applying penetrant ?
a. Dipping the part in penetrant (dipping).
b. Pouring the penetrant over the test specimen (flowing).
c. Spraying the penetrant on the test specimen (spraying).
d. All of the above.
38. When conducting a penetrant test, which of the following health precautions is NOT
applicable ?
a. Keep the work area clean.
b. Wash any penetrant from skin with soap and water as soon as possible.
c. Keep penetrant off clothes.
d. Wash any excess penetrant from skin using gasoline.
39. When performing a penetrant test using a post-emulsification penetrant, which of the
following is the most critical with respect to proper timing ?
a. Dwell time.
b. Developing time.
c. Emulsification time.
d. Drying time.
40. What enables penetrant to seep into/out of tight cavities
a. Gravitational pull
b. Capillary action
c. Low viscocity
d. High wetting agent

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41. Emulsifier time:

a. is important but not normally critical
b. is the time needed to rinse the emulsifier and excess penetrant from the surface
c. is extremely important and will greatly affect test result
d. should be as long as economically practical
42. Developing powder should always be:
a. highly fluorescent
b. applied wet
c. colorless
d. evenly applied
43. The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily related to the:
a. viscosity of the penetrant
b. capillary forces
c. chemical inertness of the penetrant
d. specific gravity of the penetrant
44. Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetants over fluorescent
penetrants:
a. small indications are more easily seen
b. they can be used on anodized and chromate surfaces
c. they make less background on rough surfaces
d. no special lighting is required
45. Which of the following is an advantage of fluorescent penetrants over visible-type
penetrants:
a. the inspection can be carried out in a well-lighted area
b. small indications are more easily seen
c. they can be used where contact with water is objectionable
d. they are less sensitive to contamination of discontinuities
46. Which of the following is an advantage of solvent-wipe methods over water-washing:
a. no special lighting is necessary during inspection
b. they provide a quicker penetration of small openings
c. small indications are more easily seen
d. they can easily be carried out in the field and to remote areas
47. Which of the following characteristics are normally considered when selecting the type of
penetrant to be used in a penetrant test:
a. removal characteristics of the penetrant
b. the flash point of the penetrant
c. the cost of the penetrant
d. all of the above

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48. All of the following materials can be tested by the usual liquid penetrant tests except:
a. Unglazed porous ceramic
b. Titanium
c. High alloy steel
d. Cast iron
49. Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over fluorescent
penetrants?
a. Visible dye penetrants does not require black light
b. Visible dye penetrants are more sensitive than fluorescent penetrants
c. Visible dye penetrants are superior in penetrating characteristics
d. Visible dye penetrants are not toxic while fluorescent penetrants are toxic
50. Liquid penetrant testing is a nondestructive test that can be used for:
a. Locating and evaluating all types of discontinuities in a test specimen
b. Locating and determining the length, width, and depth of discontinuities in a test
specimen
c. Determining the tensile strength of a test specimen
d. Locating discontinuities open to the surface
51. Which of the following is the best reason why excessive drying of a part is not desired?
a. The extra time required is wasted.
b. The penetrant may be evaporation.
c. A reduction in capillarity may result.
d. The excess developer may be difficult to remove.
52. Black light equipment is required when penetrant testing by:
a. The fluorescent penetrant method
b. The visible dye penetrant method
c. The non-fluorescent penetrant method
d. All of the above
53. The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen is to:
a. Promote penetration of the penetrant
b. Absorb emulsifier residues
c. Absorb penetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting background
d. Help to dry the surface for better observation
54. Which sensitivity test specimen is most practical for comparing in service penetrant with
a sample of fresh unused penetrant?
a. ARB (Cracked aluminium block)
b. A meniscus lens
c. Crack inhibitor
d. Burmah Castrol

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55. A good commercial penetrant should have:

a. Low flash point
b. High flash point
c. Medium flash point
d. Flash point is not factor to be considered
56. The black light shall be allowed to warm up for a minimum:
a. 10 minutes
b. 5 minutes
c. 8 minutes
d. Depending upon convenience
57. Penentrant materials mean:
a. Penetrant only
b. Penetrant and developer only
c. Developer + cleaner only
d. Penetrant + cleaner + developer etc.
58. Poor washing of the excess penetrant may result in ?
a. More brilliance of penetrant.
b. The excess penetrant will give better contract.
c. Excess background.
d. The definition will increase.
59. What materials should not be tested by conventional penetrant testing techniques ?
a. Glass.
b. Copper.
c. Porous material.
d. Stainless cleaning.
60. The actual size of the flaw compared to the indication produced when penetrant testing
is?
a. Smaller.
b. The exact size.
c. Larger.
d. Longer
61. The first step in conducting a liquid penetrant test on a surface that has been painted is
to:
a. Carefully apply the penetrant over the surface
b. Completely remove the paint
c. Thoroughly wash the surface with a detergent
d. Wire brush the surface to roughen the smooth surface coating of paint

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62. Usually the most desirable method of removing excess water-washable penetrant after
dwell time is by using ?
a. A low pressure coarse water spray.
b. Water and brush.
c. A solid stream of water.
d. Water and clean rags
63. Which of the following characteristics does not apply to liquid penetrant testing?
a. This method can accurately measure the depth of a crack or discontinuty
b. This method can be used for on-site testing of large parts.
c. This method can be used to find shallow discontinuity
d. This method can be detect discontinuities that are open to the surface
64. The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small openings
such as cracks or fissures is?
a. saturation
b. capillary action
c. blotting
d. wetting agent
65. Excess penetrant (all penetrant except that which is in discontinuities) is removed from
the specimen:
a. after the required penetrant dwell time has elapsed
b. before the application of an emulsifier if a post emulsifier penetrant is used
c. by means of a steam cleaner
d. only when water-washable penetrant is used.
66. The speed with which a penetrant penetrates a surface flaw is influenced to the greatest
extent by which o the following properties ?
a. density
b. surface tension and wetting ability
c. viscosity
d. relative weight
67. Capillary action is fastest in which of the following:
a. A wide, long crack
b. A long, dirt filled crack
c. A fine, clean crack
d. A wide, shallow crack
68. In addition to personnel qualifications, penetrant material control, and procedures, what
else needed to assure that the penetrant process is in control?
a. Checking of intensity of inspection light
b. Cleanliness of the area
c. Maintenance of all penetrant equipment
d. All of the above

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69. The term used to describe the action of a particular developer in soaking up the penetrant
in a discontinuity, so as to cause the maximum bleed out of the liquid penetrant for
increased contrast and sensitivity, is known as:
a. Blotting
b. Capillary action
c. Concentration
d. Attraction
70. What is an emulsifier ?
a. An acidic cleaning agent.
b. A chemical used to render penetrant water washable..
c. A chemical to increase surface tension of water.
d. A chemical to increase capillary pressure of penetrant
71. Why is wire brushing not recommended on soft material for cleaning purpose ?
a. It may close flaw.
b. It may produce scratches.
c. It may peen discontinuity.
d. All of the above.
72. When removing the excess surface penetrant in a solvent removable penetrant system,
the solvent used be :
a. Sprayed directly onto the excess penetrant under pressure.
b. Applied to a cloth and wiped across the test area.
c. Applied via a dip tank.
d. All of the above may be used.
73. When using post-emulsifiable penetrant , it is necessary to apply the emulsifier:
a. Before applying the penetrant
b. After the water wash operation
c. After the dwell time has elapsed
d. After the development time has elapsed
74. When conducting a fluorescent penetrant test, a commonly used technique for assuring
that excess penetrant has been removed prior to the application of a developer is to:
a. Blow compressed air over the surface
b. Chemically etch the surface
c. Blot the surface with absorbent paper
d. Scan the surface with a black light
75. When penetrant testing the parts, the temperature of the parts should be near room
temperature. If the part is at low temperature when tested:
a. The penetrant may be viscous
b. The penetrant may flash evaporate very rapidly
c. The penetrant may lose some of its color brilliance
d. The penetrant will better show the discontinuities

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76. Capillary action is mainly governed by:

a. Flaw width
b. Contact angle of the meniscus
c. Surface tension
d. Combination of all above
77. Which is the most sensitivity technique used:
a. Post-emulsifiable colour contrast penetrant
b. Post-emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant
c. Emulsifier
d. Fluorescent penetrant
78. Why is penetrant testing not recommended above 60 degrees celcius
a. The chemical may be evaporate
b. The chemicals form a jelly-like mixture
c. There is a strong chance of spontaneous combustion
d. None of the above
79. Heat affected zone cracking is normally found in:
a. HAZ of parent material
b. In a new weld deposit
c. In the root area
d. All of the above
80. Which of the following will affect the efficiency of a penetrant test?
a. The temperature of the component
b. The sensitivity of the penetrant
c. The surface cleanliness of the component
d. All of the above
81. A generally accepted method for removing excess nonwater-washsable penetrant is?
a. Repeatedly dipping the test specimen in a cleaner
b. Soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water
c. Blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the part with compressed air
d. Wiping and continuously cleaning the test specimen with a cleaner-dampened cloth
82. Subsurface discontinuities can be best detected by?
a. The post emulsification penetrant method
b. The visible dye penetrant method
c. The fluorescent, water washable penetrant method
d. None of the above

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