9.

0 DISCUSSION
The experiment that was carried out using cooling tower Model HE152.The tower is
made of clear arylic with square cross sectional area of 225 cm 2.The packing density of tower
is 110 m2/m3 for column A and 77 m2/m3 for column B. It comes with eight decks of inclined
packing. A top column that fitted on the top of the tower comes with a sharp edge orifice, a
droplet arrester and water distribution system. Actually,cooling tower is a device that rejects
heat which removes the waste heat to the atmosphere to achieve the temperature needed. The
type of heat rejection in a cooling tower is termed "evaporative" where it allows a small
portion of the water being heated to evaporate then is condensed into a moving air stream to
provide significant cooling to the rest of that water stream. The heat from the water stream
transferred to the air stream raises the air's temperature and its relative humidity to 100%, and
this air is discharged to the atmosphere.
The objectives of the cooling tower experiment are to determine the correlation of
water to air mass flow ratio with increasing water flow rate and to determine the cooling load
effect, and the effect of different flow rates on the wet bulb approach. Another objective is to
estimate the evaporation rate of water (water loss) for the tower. The experiment is varied by
using one variable which is water flowrate.
The correlation of water to air mass flow ratio is called r, is important to know the
portion transferred by evaporation. The higher the evaporation of water, the mass flow rate of
the water will be reduced which is what we actually wanted. Once the water mass flow rate is
reduced, the mass flow rate of air that enters the column packing remains the same. So, there
is more air that can cool the water. Hence, the effectiveness of the water to be cooled will be
higher. The r value will need to be lower as possible to achieve higher portion of water
evaporated. For water flow rates of 1.0 LPM, 1,5 LPM and 2.0 LPM, the r values are
49.48, 50.97 and 51.50 respectively. We can see that the water flow rate affects the r value
for which the higher the water flow rate produces higher r value. . Hence, the cooling
effectiveness will be higher in water flow rate of 2.0 LPM.
In addition, approach is another term that used in cooling tower that tells how closely
the leaving cold water temperature approaches the entering air wet bulb temperature. To be
exact it is actually the temperature differences between the water leaving the cooling tower
and the ambient wet-bulb temperature. Approach is the most important indicator of cooling

water performance because it dictates the theoretical limit of the leaving cold water
temperature and no matter the size of the cooling tower, range or heat load, it is not possible
to cool the water below the wet bulb temperature of air.

Hence, the leaving water

temperature must be higher than the wet bulb temperature. The different air flow rates will
affect the approach of the experiment. The higher the air mass flow rate, the higher the
approach would be because the air that enters through the blower will decrease the wet bulb
temperature so that the water leaving the tower will be higher than the wet bulb temperature.
Moreover, cooling load also determine the performance of cooling tower. Cooling
load is the rate at which heat is removed from the water. The higher the cooling load, the
higher the heat removal from the water. Hence, the water will experience lower temperature
which is actually that we wanted.. This is because the heating load is actually the power of
the pump that compresses the water to increase the temperature and also pressure of the
water. The higher the heating load, the higher the evaporation rate of the water. Thus, the
temperature difference of the evaporated water with the temperature of air in the cooling
tower will bring to great heat removal from the evaporated water.
In addition, approach is another term that used in cooling tower that tells how
closely the leaving cold water temperature approaches the entering air wet bulb temperature.
To be exact it is actually the temperature differences between the water leaving the cooling
tower and the ambient wet-bulb temperature. Approach is the most important indicator of
cooling water performance because it dictates the theoretical limit of the leaving cold water
temperature and no matter the size of the cooling tower, range or heat load, it is not possible
to cool the water below the wet bulb temperature of air.

Hence, the leaving water

temperature must be higher than the wet bulb temperature. The higher the air mass flow rate,
the higher the approach would be because the air that enters through the blower will decrease
the wet bulb temperature so that the water leaving the tower will be higher than the wet bulb
temperature.
Furthermore, during the experiment there are some errors that occurred. The
error is that we did not take the amount of water loss from the make-up tank every time the
variables are changed. So, the errors affected the results of our experiment. Then,the error
occurs is that we cannot estimate the evaporation rate of water (water loss) for the tower.