COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REAL TRANSPORT

PROTOCOL AND STREAM CONTROL TRANSMISSION

PROTOCOL OVER MOTION PICTURES EXPERT GROUP-4
Abdul Aziz and Samiullah, Institute of Business and Management Sciences,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar-Pakistan

ABSTRACT
The demand of multimedia streaming over internet is growing day by day and the
researches are trying to develop new protocol with enhance features which can best
adjust to the highly dynamic nature of the multimedia traffic over the internet. Realtime Transport Protocol (RTP) and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) are
the protocols that support multimedia streaming over internet. RTP gives services of
end-to-end delivery for that kind of data which has real-time features, like simulation
data or interactive video and audio, over the network services of unicast or multicast.
While the SCTP which is initially developed for the transport Public Switch Telephone
Network (PSTN) signaling messages over Internet Protocol (IP) based network, have
enhanced features such as reliability, initiation protection, multihoming and
multithreading, better suitable to the multimedia traffic over the internet. Three
different simulation scenarios were selected here to examine the performance of RTP
and SCTP for multimedia streaming over internet. In first simulation scenario Packet
Size had no effect over the SCTP performance parameters while RTP has shown
considerable degradation in its performance parameters. In second simulation scenario
Queuing Mechanism, the SCTP gained better performance in the DDR queuing
mechanism while the RTP has in the Drop Tail queuing mechanism. In last scenario
Rate Factor, as with the increase in rate SCTP performance parameters were not
affected by it while the RTP showed significant degradation in its performance
parameters values. To conclude SCTP performance was better as compared RTP and
more suitable to the dynamic nature of the multimedia traffic over the internet.

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DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to my father, who taught me that the best kind of
knowledge to have is that which is learned for its own sake. It is also dedicated to
my mother, who taught me that even the largest task can be accomplished if it is
done one step at a time.

ABDUL AZIZ

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have no words to express my deepest sense of gratitude to Almighty ALLAH, who
enabled me to complete this piece of research work successfully.
I have no words to place on record to thank my advisor Mr. Sami Ullah Khan, Research
Associate, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad for his generous transfer of
knowledge, constructive criticism and supervision during my research.
Thanks are also extended to my both members Mr. Shehzad Rizwan, Lecturer, Institute
of Business and Management Sciences / Computer Sciences (IBMS/CS), Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar and Miss Lala Rukh, Lecturer,
Institute of Business and Management Sciences / Computer Sciences (IBMS/CS),
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar for their untiring help and
constructive criticism.
Last but not least, I extend my deepest sense of gratitude to my parents and my elder
brother Dr.Abdul Rasheed for their support, prayers and providing me an opportunity to
complete my studies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No.

Title

Page No.

ABSTRACT...............................................................................................iii
DEDICATION...........................................................................................iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................vi
LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................ix
LIST OF ABBERIVATIONS....................................................................xi
I.

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................1
1.1

Moving Picture Expert Group 4 (MPEG-4)..............................2

1.2

MPEG-4 over IP (Internet Protocol) ..........................................2

1.3

MPEG-4 Versions........................................................................3

1.3.1

Systems of MPEG-4 ...................................................................4

1.3.2

Error Resilience in Broadcast......................................................5

1.4

RTP ..............................................................................................6

1.4.1

RTP Pros and Cons .....................................................................7

1.4.2

Congestion Control and RTCP..............................................7

1.5

SCTP............................................................................................8

1.5.1

SCTP Congestion Control ...........................................................9

1.6

Problem statement........................................................................9

1.7

Objective......................................................................................9

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II.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................................11

III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...........................................................17

IV

3.1

Parameters....................................................................................17

3.2

Network Simulator-2 ..................................................................17

3.3

Ms Excel .....................................................................................18

3.4

VLC Player .................................................................................18

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIN..................................................................20

4.1

Parameters/Performance Metrics.................................................20

4.1.1

Simple RTP and SCTP.................................................................20

4.1.2

Rate Factor...................................................................................20

4.1.3

Packet Size...................................................................................20

4.1.4

Queuing Behavior........................................................................20

4.1.5

End-to-End delay.........................................................................21

4.1.6

No of Dropped Packets................................................................21

4.1.7

Throughput...................................................................................21

4.2

Implementation............................................................................21

4.3

Simple RTP And SCTP................................................................22

(a) End-to-End delay...................................................................22
(b) No of Dropped Packets..........................................................22
(c) Throughput............................................................................23

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4.3.1

Summary of the Simple Scenario................................................23

4.4

Packet Size....................................................................................24
(a)

End-to-End delay..................................................................24

(b) No of Dropped Packets.........................................................25

(c)

Throughput...........................................................................27

4.4.1

Summary of the Packet Size........................................................28

4.5

Queuing Mechanism.....................................................................29
(a)

End-to-End delay..................................................................29

(b) No of Dropped Packets.........................................................30

(c)

Throughput...........................................................................32

4.5.1

Summary of the Queuing Mechanism.........................................33

4.6

Rate Factor....................................................................................34
(a)

End-to-End delay..................................................................34

(b) No of Dropped Packets.........................................................35

(c)
4.6.1
V

Throughput...........................................................................37

Summary of the Rate Factor........................................................38

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................39

5.1

Summery......................................................................................39

5.2

Conclusion...................................................................................39

5.3

Recommendations........................................................................40

LITERATURE CITED.............................................................................41

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figures

Figure 1.1

Page No.

RTP packets to logical SL packet mapping

03
Figure 1.2

MPEG-4 versions relation

04
Figure 1.3

Protocol structure of RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol)

07
Figure 1.4

RTP packet header fields

07
Figure 4.3A

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in simple scenario

22
Figure 4.3B

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in simple scenario

22
Figure 4.3C

Throughput of RTP & SCTP in simple scenario

23
Figure 4.4A

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in packet size_1000 scenario

24
Figure 4.4B

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in packet size_1500 scenario

24
Figure 4.4C

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in packet size_2000 scenario

25

ix

Figure 4.4D

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP packet size end to end delay

25
Figure 4.4E

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in packet size_1000 scenario

25
Figure 4.4F

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in packet size_1500 scenario

26
Figure 4.4G

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in packet size_2000 scenario

26
Figure 4.4H

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP packet size number of drop packets

26
Figure 4.4I

Throughput of RTP & SCTP in packet size_1000 scenario

27
Figure 4.4J

Throughput of RTP & SCTP in packet size_1500 scenario

27
Figure 4.4K

Throughput of RTP & SCTP in packet size_2000 scenario

27
Figure 4.4L

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP packet size throughput

28
Figure 4.5A

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in drop tail scenario

29
Figure 4.5B

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in DRR scenario

29
Figure 4.5C

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP queuing end to end delay

29

Figure 4.5D

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in drop tail scenario

30
Figure 4.5E

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in DRR scenario

30
Figure 4.5F

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP queuing number of drop packets

31
Figure 4.5G

Throughputs of RTP & SCTP in drop tail scenario

32
Figure 4.5H

Throughput of RTP & SCTP in DRR scenario

32
Figure 4.5I

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP queuing throughput

32
Figure 4.6A

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_02 scenario

34
Figure 4.6B

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_04 scenario

34
Figure 4.6C

End-to-end delay of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_05 scenario

34
Figure 4.6D

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP rate factor end to end delay

35
Figure 4.6E

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_02 scenario

35
Figure 4.6F

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_04 scenario

35

xi

Figure 4.6G

No of dropped packets of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_05 scenario

36
Figure 4.6H

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP rate factor number of drop packets

36
Figure 4.6I

Throughput of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_02 scenario

37
Figure 4.6J

Throughput of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_04 scenario

37
Figure 4.6K

Throughput of RTP & SCTP in rate factor_05 scenario

37
Figure 4.6L

Summery graph of RTP vs SCTP Rate factor throughput

38

xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SCTT

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

MPEG

Moving Picture Experts Group

VRML

Virtual Reality Modeling Language

SMIL

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

ISO

International Standardization Organization

HTTP

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

RTP

Real-time Transport Protocol

RFC

Request For Comments

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

MIME

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

AVC

Anticipated Video Codec

MMS

Multimedia Messaging Service

RTP

Real-time Transport Protocol

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