According to the article The Flow of Sand ,Metin Yersel,The

physics teacher,Vol 38,May 2000, we found that

dm
 A . g (1)
1, 25

dt
The formula (1) is wrong and scientists found that the flow of
the sand was reduced from some sand concentration near the
hole of the hourglass.

We accept that the right formula is given form the equation

dm
 A . g  f (2)
1, 25

dt

The area δ due to the sand concentration near the hole depends
from the circumference of the hole (because shapes with equal
circumference give different area ) and from the diameter of the
sand’s grain.

We give an example

The red grain block the up grains to fall normally with a

thickness as shown with the blue line.
dm
Measurement dt
= measurement f

We consider that f it depends from δ,ρ and g so

MT 1  L .Lb ( ML3 ) c ( LT 2 ) d  MT 1  L  b 3c  d .M c .T 2 d 
c 1
 2d  1  d  1 / 2
a  b  3c  d  0  a  b  3c  d  a  b  3  1 / 2  a  b  5 / 2

but measurement of δ is L2 so ab  2

We assume that the sand flow it depends from the circumference

b
d 
of the hole C and from the thickness flow  
t 
which shows
how many grains/sec are concentrated near the hole where the
nearest grain to the hole block the up grains to fall.
b
L
MT 1  L .  ( ML3 ) c ( LT  2 ) d  MT 1  L  b 3c  d .M c .T b  2 d 
t 
c 1
  b  2d  1  b  2d  1 and ab  2
a  b  3c  d  0  a  b  3  d

a b  3d
ab  2  d 1

b  2 d  1  b  1  2 d  b  1

ab  2 a 3

because constants are dimensionless we accept

1
dm d  dm t 
 c1 A1, 25 . g  c 2 C.   .g   c1 A1, 25 . g  c 2 C 3 .   .g 
dt  t  dt d 
 t2 
 m  c1 A1, 25 . g .t  c 2 C 3 .   .g  c3
 2.d 
t  0, m  0  c3  0
t  a, m  mtotal  M (at time t=a all the mass of the sand fall down to
 a2 
the bottom)  M  c1 A1, 25 . g .a  c2 C 3 .  2.d
  .g


 a2 
 M  c 2 C 3 .   .g  c1 A1, 25 . g .a 
 2.d 
1   2  
c1  . M  c 2 .C 3 . a   .g 
A1, 25  g .a   2.d 
  
 dm 1  a2  t  (3)
  M  c 2 .C 3 .  .g   c 2 C 3 .   .g
dt a 2d  d 

dm dm 1  a2  2d .M
t  0, 0    M  c 2 .C 3 .  .g   0  c 2   3 2
dt dt a 2d  C .a  .g
dm 1  a2  t  dm 1 2 M .t
(3)  dt  a  M  c 2 .C 3 .  .g   c 2 C 3 .   .g   M  M  
2d  d  dt a a2


dm

2 M .t (4)
dt a2