A company of

ThyssenKrupp
Technologies

Polysius

tk

Engineering made by Polysius.

Company portrait.

Engineering
made by Polysius.

Polysius AG is one of the worlds

foremost engineering companies
providing equipment for the cement
and basic industries a position
it owes to the outstanding quality
of its products and services.
For Polysius, quality means
gearing every company function
and operation to ensure that clients
requirements are fully met.
The crucial prerequisite for success
is the ability to tackle and implement user-specific projects at
an agreed cost and to agreed
quality standards and deadlines
regardless of whether they involve
a complete new plant, a plant
conversion or merely sections of
a plant. In every case, the concept
produced ensures the best choice

of machinery for the specific

application, as well as finely tuned
processes and inter-stage links
for overall plant efficiency.
A comprehensive customer
service programme (including
field assembly and commissioning, personnel training, maintenance and servicing, spare parts
procurement, resource analysis,
plant optimisation and customtailored tests and development
work) completes the scope of
services provided by Polysius.

Think global,
act local.

Securing a long-term future in the face of

international competition and responding actively
to market opportunities worldwide requires both
understanding for foreign cultures and knowledge
of local markets.
As early as 1947, Polysius set about creating a
network of foreign subsidiaries, starting with the
formation of Polysius Ltd. in Ascot, Great Britain.
Today, Polysius has a worldwide presence
through 11 strategically-located subsidiaries,
ensuring that every client finds the right contact
in the Polysius Group at all times a person
they can relate to.
All Polysius companies follow the same principles: the parent company in Beckum acts as
the headquarters of the Group. It co-ordinates
all the activities of the subsidiary companies,
carries out all R&D work, provides the necessary
resource management for the Group and defines
the technical standards the Group companies
need to observe when bidding for and executing
contracts. This ensures that all Polysius companies offer identical technology.
The foreign subsidiaries are the clients contact
within the regional markets they address. They
employ local personnel for customer servicing,
processing enquiries and administering contracts. They also make use of local resources
for materials procurement and manufacturing.

Polysius
at home
in Beckum
and all over
the world.

From the vise to heavy plant engineering.

In spring 1859, master machinist Andreas Ernst Gottfried
Polysius opened his own workshop in Dessau, thereby laying
the foundations for todays
global player Polysius AG.
In 1870, he set up the G. Polysius iron foundry and engineering works, which soon became
a respected designer and manufacturer of highperformance
mills for the burgeoning construction materials industry.

By 1890, the founders heirs

were working on the companys
100th mill contract.
From that time onwards, Polysius specialised in machines
for crushing, grinding and processing raw materials and in
the construction of cement
works. The result: in 1898, the
company built Europes first
rotary kiln and in 1907 constructed a complete cement
factory in Egypt.

In the late 1920s, Dr. Georg

Lellep invented the LEPOL
process, which revolutionised
conventional cement production. The LEPOL grate significantly improved the cement
burning process in the rotary
kiln and reduced fuel consumption by a third.
After the Second World War,
Polysius initially restarted its
activities in Dessau. At the
same time, however, Dr. Curt

Prssing, a member of the

Polysius family, formed Westpol GmbH in Beckum. Three
years later, this company was
renamed Polysius GmbH.
With the old name emblazoned
on a new corporate banner,
business quickly picked up,
especially exports. Ten years
after the new start, Polysius
was already employing
600 people in Germany and
100 abroad.

Modular analysis
by the finite
element method.

CAD designing
of the POLRO
drive station.

Grinding track
stresses in
a QUADROPOL
roller mill.

1893: World Exhibition in Chicago.

In 1971, the Essen-based

company Fried. Krupp GmbH
acquired a majority shareholding in Polysius.
In 1992, the company was
integrated into the Krupp Plant
Engineering Division of the
Fried. Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp
Group.
In 1999, the Krupp merger
with the Thyssen Group to form
the ThyssenKrupp AG set

another milestone in our companys 140-year history. As

a member of the international
ThyssenKrupp Technologies
segment, Polysius is poised to
master the challenges of the
future.

Simulation
of multi-phase
flow in a
separator (CFD).

From left:
Four cement production lines in Egypt.
Gold ore comminution plant in Nevada, USA.
Cement production line in Florida, USA.
AT oil extraction processor in Australia.
White cement production line in Spain.
Cement production plant in Missouri, USA.
Nickel ore dressing plant in Venezuela.
10,000 tpd kiln line in Anhui, China.

Custom-tailored quotations.

As a general rule, a lot of

ground needs to be covered
between a clients first thoughts
about a project and the start
of actual construction work on
the site.
Polysius accompanies the
client all the way, providing
highly professional assistance
designed to find the technological and economical solution
best suited to the clients individual needs.
Very often, co-operation starts
with Polysius engineers studying local conditions (e.g. local
infrastructure, power supply,
environmental protection
requirements, existing production facilities and raw material
resources).
On the basis of the specific
material and process engineering data and taking account of
all boundary conditions, Polysius then identifies the optimum manufacturing process.
Once the process parameters
have been defined, work commences on machine engineering and on the plant and
machine layout. After this,
specifications are prepared
for the components required,
Cement production
line in Mexico.

their technical data and the

way they are integrated in the
production process.
At Polysius, an analysis of
the production process always
precedes layout planning for
the specific function involved
regardless of whether the
project involves an individual
unit such as a mill, or a complete production plant.
Particularly where individual
units are incorporated into
existing plant configurations,
this gives the client the security
of knowing that full compatibility with other process sections and system components
is assured.
The proposal prepared by Polysius is thoroughly discussed
with the client, placing him in
a better position to identify
and utilise all available decision-making options. After all,
before a contract is awarded
it is vital not only for the client
but also for Polysius to be
satisfied that the joint project
will be a success.
The high quality of Polysius
quotation preparation work is
confirmed by the continuous
stream of contracts awarded
by clients all over the world.

10

Research and Development.

If you dont think of the future, you wont have one.

Many plant engineering

companies restrict themselves
to merely providing engineering
services. The Polysius philosophy, however, is to develop
and offer own-name products
which cater to the clients
needs in the core stages of
the production process (raw
material preparation, clinker
production and cement production, including automation
systems).
Based on clients requirements, on our great depth of
experience in the designing,
manufacturing and operation
of Polysius products and on
observation of technological
developments in the industry,
Polysius plans an appropriate
product strategy and R&D
programme for every product.
The Polysius Research and
Development Centre is one of
the worlds foremost development establishments for

cement and primary materials

technologies.
The intensity of competition
in international markets makes
high-tech innovative prowess
imperative.
Polysius has the calibre of
personnel needed to meet the
constantly changing requirements of markets in flux and

rapidly translate the fruits

of result-oriented research into
marketable products.
One major challenge for product and process development
is that the ever-shorter product
life spans result in a need to
significantly speed up development without increasing the
risks inherent in innovations.
Thanks to the use of the latest
computerised R&D tools, as

well as carefully directed

upscaling from laboratory to
pilot and industrial plant, that
risk can be made calculable
or eliminated altogether.
Stimuli for technological
advancements come not only
from Polysius engineers but
also from clients and from
scientific institutes with which
Polysius co-operates. This
close communication and
co-operation on the techno-

logical development front

is characteristic of the relationship between Polysius and
the industry.
In the constant search for
market-oriented innovations to
make production operations
more efficient and profitable,
our main development priorities are not only to reduce
capital costs and minimise
power consumption. We also
focus particularly on environ-

11

mental compatibility, with the

object of reducing emissions,
designing low-impact plants,
maximising the use of secondary raw materials and /or fuels,
developing and employing
analytical systems for quality
assurance and providing significantly greater machine and
plant availability.
Maintaining our technological
lead through the systematic
development of new products

and processes is a primary

corporate objective at Polysius.

12

Raw material preparation.

Cement
the construction material with a past and a future.
It is hard to imagine the modern
world without cement. Versatile, easy
to use and economical to produce,
cement is one of the worlds most
important construction materials.

Cement is a binding agent that hardens

in air and water and becomes water
resistant when hard. It consists mainly
of compounds of calcium oxide (CaO),
silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3) and iron
oxide (Fe2O3).
The raw components are ground,
homogenised and burned. At 600 C,
the limestone breaks down into CaO
and CO2. This reaction ends at 900C.
At 1,250 C, sintering occurs, i.e. the
CaO fuses together with SiO2, Al2O3
and Fe2O3 to form new compounds.
This is an exothermic reaction that raises the burning temperature to around
1,500 C and accelerates the sintering
process.
The material leaves the rotary kiln as
a granular mass. This is cement clinker,
the main component of cement.
The basic properties of the cement,
its setting time and strength, are adjusted by the addition of gypsum and by
grinding to a particular fineness. Other
properties and possible applications
can be influenced by the addition of
granulated blast-furnace slag, pozzolana, trass, fly ash and other inorganic mineral materials.

Process sequence
in a cement plant...

13

9
8

10

Clinker manufacturing.

The efficient production of

high-grade cement products
demands far more than combining ideal partial process
steps or even ideal individual
machines. The required success can only be achieved by
considering the entire production process and optimising it
as a whole, taking due account
of capital cost and operating
expenses. For this reason,
Polysius systematically consolidates process and plant knowhow to create innovative concepts for the process sectors
of raw material preparation,
clinker manufacturing and
cement manufacturing, which
are in turn incorporated into
economical overall solutions
for the complete cement production process.

... from raw material

preparation

11

Cement manufacturing.

...via clinker manufacturing

...to cement manufacturing

1. Crushing
The raw material is crushed to
the size of coarse gravel.

6. Preheating and calcining

The raw meal is preheated
and calcined in the cyclone
preheater and calciner.

9. Storage
The clinker store is the feed
station for the cement grinding
stage.

2. Interim storage, blending

The raw material is stockpiled
or homogenised in blending
beds.

7. Burning
The raw meal is burned at a
temperature of around 1,500C
in the rotary kiln to form clinker.

10. Grinding
Additives are fed in during
the clinker grinding process
to achieve the required type
and grade of cement.

3. Proportioning
The proportioning station feeds
the raw material to the mill in
the right quantity and composition.

8. Cooling
Most of the heat given off during clinker cooling is recovered
for use in the production
process.

4. Grinding
The raw material is ground
to the required fineness in the
raw mill and is simultaneously
dried.
5. Homogenising
The raw meal is homogenised
and stored in silos, from which
it is fed at a controlled rate to
the preheater.

11. Storage, packing and

loading
The finished cement is transferred to storage silos, from
which it is loaded into bulk
transporters or bags.

Material analysis and quality assurance

The chemical composition of the materials is regularly analysed
at various points in the course of the entire production process.
This is either performed directly by means of online analysis or
by taking representative samples which are then automatically
prepared and analysed in the plant laboratory. The analysis
results form the basis for process interventions in order to assure
quality.

14

Starting material

In a time when, on the one hand, the raw materials and

fuel grades are deteriorating constantly (primarily due to
the use of substitute fuels) and, on the other hand, the
demands on the clinker quality are rising, quality assurance
is an absolute necessity.
With POLAB CNA for online analysis upstream of the
blending bed, POLAB AOT for online analysis and mixture
control of raw meal and POLAB AMT for sample preparation and analysis in the central laboratory, Polysius offers
powerful systems that provide the earliest possible information on the chemical composition and homogeneity of
the materials and initiate the appropriate control interventions.

Result

Simulation and
ascertainment of
the homogeneity
development in
the course of raw
material preparation using the ISAR
program during the
drafting and optimisation phase.

For efficient storage and homogenisation of raw materials

prior to further processing, Polysius offers a broad range of
circular and longitudinal blending bed and storage systems
with harmonised stacking and reclaiming methods.

Raw material preparation.

From the quarry to preheater feeding with
raw meal.

Product programme
Material analysis/raw material
POLAB CNA
Bulk material storage/
blending
Longitudinal stockpile /
blending bed
Circular stockpile /
blending bed
Grinding/drying
QUADROPOL roller mill
DOROL roller mill
Tube mill
POLYCOM high-pressure
grinding roll
Separating /collecting
SEPOL high-efficiency
separator
High-efficiency cyclone
Material analysis/raw meal
POLAB AOT
POLAB AMT

In order to optimally design the raw

material preparation system, it is first
necessary to have precise knowledge of
the raw materials and fuels that will be
used. This knowledge forms the indispensable basis for selection of the production process, including the blending,
storage, homogenisation, grinding and
analysis systems.
The Polysius research centre has all
the facilities required for analysing and
evaluating quarried raw materials using
chemical, mineralogical, thermal and
physical test methods. Even on the
basis of small data quantities, the very
extensive Polysius database enables
reliable classification of raw materials
and identification of their properties.

15

During this phase Polysius employs a

special software program called ISAR in
order to ensure adequate examination
of alternative options in the minimum
possible period of time. This databasesupported program simulates alternative plant and process configurations,
including the resulting raw material
homogeneity development, enabling
us to quickly filter out the solution that
provides optimum process technology
and cost effectiveness for the particular
project concerned.

Based on the material test results and

also on the customer-specific boundary
conditions, we then select, arrange and
engineer the necessary machines and
analysis systems.

Blending/storage
Multicell silo
Tangential blending silo
Storage silo/bin
Flow regulation/conveying
POLDOS flow regulating
conveyor
POLDENS pressure-vessel
conveyor
AEROPOL vertical conveyor
FLUIDOR trough conveyor
Coal grinding/fuel preparation
Longitudinal stockpile/
circular stockpile
DOROL roller mill
Tube mill
POLAB coal dust sampling
Storage silo/bin

For raw material grinding Polysius offers roller mills, tube

mills and high-pressure grinding rolls. Selection of the right
system for each individual application is determined by the
throughput, feed moisture content, availability, maintenance
requirement, wear characteristics, capital cost and operating expense. High throughput rates, small construction size
and high availability characterise the QUADROPOL. This
new Polysius roller mill has four rollers, whose bearing
assemblies are located outside the grinding chamber and
are thus protected against dust and high temperatures. With
its automatic changeover from 4 to 2-roller operation, the
mill provides high adjustment flexibility to changes in raw
meal requirements. Also, the two opposite grinding rollers
can be swung hydraulically out of the mill housing for maintenance purposes. The two roller units remaining in the mill
continue the grinding process, so that the QUADROPOL
fulfils the prerequisites for online operation with a practically uninterrupted flow of material from the mill to the kiln.

For the homogenisation or interim

storage of fine-grained products
such as raw meal Polysius offers a
very broad range of silo designs. The
multicell silo (our latest development)
consists of a number of individual cells
and is used especially in cases where
the raw meal has a high segregation
factor and where the process situation
requires only small storage volumes
for the homogenisation. The individual
silo cells are fed consecutively with
raw meal and the homogenised meal
is discharged from all the cells simultaneously. A combination of this silo
type with the POLAB AOT provides a
further optimisation of the raw material
preparation process.

Clinker manufacturing.
From the preheater to the clinker conveyor.
Today, the industrys requirements
regarding quality, maximum performance,
minimum costs and low emission rates
are more decisive than ever for the competitive situation. And that is the reason
why x robust and reliable construction
x low resource consumption x high operating reliability x low operating and capital
costs and x process-integrated emission
reduction concepts are the most important
factors in the success of Polysius clinker
manufacturing systems.
In modern cement plants, the burning
process is performed in a chain of three
systems. In the multistage cyclone preheater with calciner the meal is preheated
to about 800 to 900 C and decarbonated
by kiln exhaust gases. In the rotary kiln
itself, a temperature of approx. 1450 C

causes sintering a chemical/mineralogical process, during which the cement

clinker is formed. Subsequently, the
clinker minerals are fixed by the cooling
process in the clinker cooler. The cooling
air containing the recuperated heat is
used in the kiln as combustion air.
While meeting a large number of requirements, the plant supplier has the crucial
task of optimising the overall pyroprocessing concept by providing high-performance
individual machines.

required kiln dimensions essentially

depend on the employed raw materials
and fuels, the plant configuration, the
quality of the cement clinker and the production rate itself. The kiln shell size,
determined on the basis of laboratory
test processes, computer simulation and
calculation, is a crucial criterion when
deciding whether to use 2 supports or 3
supports. For technical and economical
reasons the practical boundary between a
2-support kiln and a 3-support kiln is a
length to diameter ratio of approx. 15:1.

Thanks to todays highly efficient precalcination systems, significantly smaller

rotary kilns can now be installed, even
though the throughput rates are usually
higher than in the past. This has the effect
of reducing the capital cost. The actually

Thanks to its high-temperatures, the

clinker manufacturing process is eminently
suitable for the utilisation of waste materials. These waste materials substitute for
the valuable fossil fuels that would otherwise be used in the cement burning

17

Development
of the POLRO
two-support kiln, which is
turned by a friction drive operating
via the kiln tyre and supporting rollers,
enabled the specific advantages of the
two-support kiln (statically determined
system) to be combined with the
required dimensions (L/D = 15).

First-class pyroprocessing: 3,000 stpd cement

production line including:
x DOPOL 90 cyclone preheater with preceding
multicell silo for raw meal storage and blending
x PREPOL-CC-MSC calciner
x POLRO rotary kiln and
x POLYTRACK clinker cooler.

Product
programme

Material analysis/upstream
of kiln feed system
POLAB raw meal sampling
Preheating
DOPOL 90 cyclone preheater
Calcining
PREPOL calcining system
Material analysis / hot meal
POLAB hot meal sampling

POLYTRACK the new Polysius cooler

generation. Just a few of its innovative
design details are: separation of clinker
conveyance and aeration, extremely low
construction height, no grate riddlings,
very high clinker bed transporting efficiency, ideal transverse distribution of the
clinker, high thermal efficiency, autogenous wear protection of the cooling grate,
static plates used for the entire grate and
modular design.

New, unconventional solutions

form the basis for the sophisticated
clinker transport mechanism of the
POLYTRACK: the transport tracks are
driven by hydraulic cylinders installed
beneath the stationary aeration floor.

Burning
POLRO two-support kiln
Two-support kiln (girth gear)
Three-support kiln (girth gear)
Burner
Kiln Temperature Scanner
Cooling
POLYTRACK clinker cooler
White cement clinker cooler
Material analysis /clinker
POLAB clinker sampling

process. Nowadays, up to 80 % of the

fuels used in cement rotary kilns can be
replaced by secondary materials.
In order to significantly increase the
usage of large-sized substitute fuels and
thus drastically reduce costs, Polysius
developed the precombustion chamber.
This shaft reactor thermally processes
large-sized materials, producing reactive
gases and coke that are then fed into the
kiln system as fuel. With the precombustion chamber it is possible to increase
the amount of large-sized substitute fuels
used in the precalciner to three times the
previously usual quantity.

18

Cement manufacturing.
From the clinker store to cement dispatch.

In the final process stage of

cement manufacturing, the
cement clinker is extracted from
the clinker stores or silos and
finely ground together with
approx. 5 % gypsum as setting
regulator and possibly with other
hydraulic materials also added.
The fineness determines the
grade of cement and thus the
strength of the produced concrete.
The different types and strength
classes of cement are stored
in separate silos and then discharged into loading systems.
In recent years, cement manufacturers have significantly
increased their product ranges
a trend that can be expected to
continue for economical and
ecological reasons. One aspect
is the substitution of cement
clinker through secondary components that are waste materials
from other industries or that occur
naturally. The first category
includes granulated blast furnace
slags from the iron producing
industry and fly ashes from power
station firing systems, while
natural pozzolana and limestone
are examples for the second

Clinker silo for

37,850 t storage
capacity in
Argentina.

category. Gypsum from flue gas

purification systems can also be
used instead of natural gypsum
or anhydrite. This substitution
not only reduces the capital cost
and operating expense but also
relieves the environment. The
end consumer benefits from the
use of these so-called secondary materials by receiving composite cements with superior
properties. Cements containing
blast furnace slag, for instance,
give off less heat when setting,
shrink less and are more resistant to sulphate than Portland
cement.
However, the increasing diversity
of cement components, the
steadily rising production capacities and the requirement for
plants to be capable of producing different cement types also
lead to increased complexity of
the production systems. Plant
planners therefore have to take
care that a number of criteria
are simultaneously brought into
an optimum balance. These are
the grinding resistance of the
individual components, their differing finenesses in the cement,

the thermal engineering of the

plant to ensure the drying of
moist components with waste
heat and the crucially important
attainment of the correct granulometric distribution for the
required cement properties.
As the basis for designing the
cement grinding system, Polysius conducts laboratory tests
to determine the grinding resistance.
Supplementing a great depth of
process engineering know-how,
Polysius also possesses the
broad portfolio of core equipment that is necessary for implementing plant owners requirements. In the grinding technology sector, these are tube mills,
roller mills, high-pressure grinding rolls and separators. The
ability to suitably engineer and
design these machines for daily
use under rough operating conditions demands great expertise
in mechanical engineering, especially in the disciplines drive systems, bearing assemblies and
lubrication systems, wear protection and dynamically highly
loaded components.

Tube mill for cement grinding in Argentina.

Tube mills with drive powers of up to 10,000 kW
are used in the cement industry, while the ore
processing industry uses tube mills with more
than 15,000 kW. Up to loads of approx. 10,000 kN
per bearing, these mills are supported on hydrodynamic sliding shoe bearings.

Roller mill for cement grinding in Mexico.

DOROL roller mills are used for ultrafine grinding of cement clinker,
granulated blast furnace slag, trass, pozzolana etc. and have throughput rates of up to approx. 200 tph.

19

Product programme
Storage
Clinker store
Clinker silo
Grinding
POLYCOM/grinding systems
Tube mill/grinding systems
DOROL roller mill
SEPOL high-efficiency separator
STATOPOL-C separator
Fines cooler
Flash dryer
Flow regulation/conveying
AEROPOL vertical conveyor
POLDENS pressure-vessel conveyor
Material analysis/finished product
POLAB cement sampling
Storage
Silo

Roller mill for

granulated
blast furnace
slag grinding
in China.

3 cement silos
(9,000 m3 storage volume each) including
loading stations for
rail vehicles.

POLYCOM high-pressure grinding roll including SEPOL

high-efficiency separator for cement finish grinding in Belgium.
For energy saving pressure comminution, Polysius installs high-pressure
grinding rolls with material throughput rates of more than 1,000 tph.
For this purpose, we co-operated with foundries to develop rolls that
provide reliable operation under the required high grinding pressures.

20
POLAB

Analysis points in a cement plant.

Comprehensive knowledge of material
compositions and properties before and
during the production process form the
basis for optimum process control.

POLAB

POLAB
POLAB

POLAB

Factory automation.
Process control and quality assurance.

POLAB

21

Due to the outstanding properties of cement as a building material and to the fact that it is recognised
as being ecologically safe, the number of available types will continue to grow and specialised highly
effective products will establish themselves on the market.
This demands production plants with excellent quality assurance systems and a high degree of
automation. The range of products supplied by Polysius includes process monitoring, control, regulation and optimisation systems, as well as systems for ensuring constant product quality. All of
these are of consistent modular design and therefore adaptable to individual plant requirements.
In addition, Polysius plans and installs electrical equipment for individual machines and complete
plants.
POLCID NT master
process control system

intervals, prepares and analyses them and then

controls the raw material composition and mill
feeding via an adaptive controller. This ensures
that the raw meal fed to the silo is of constant
optimum quality.

The process control system POLCID NT offers

users a Windows-based
POLAB APM the automatic sample
application software
specially developed and preparation module of all POLAB systems
specifically structured for
The essential precondition for material analysis
the cement industry.
by spectrometer and diffractometer is reliable
sample preparation. POLAB APM, the most
POLCID NT works on
compact automatic sample preparation module
the client-server princiin the world, integrates a number of predefined
ple. The digitised information from the sensors preparation programs. In addition, individualized
programs can be defined for special analysis.
is recorded via field bus systems and processed
directly in the control system computer. The sysPOLAB ACT the laboratory automation
tems modular design and open architecture offer
system
endless possibilities for adaptation.
IMS information management system
The IMS system is a powerful product that
centrally archives, manages and analyses data
from different areas of operations and makes
them available for further processing.
POLAB CNA raw material analyser
The POLAB CNA uses an electronically regulated neutron tube as a radiation source for the
online chemical analysis of raw materials. The
advantages of a neutron tube are that it can
be switched on and off and it delivers monochromatic neutrons of equal intensity throughout
its entire service life. The system thus furnishes
constant ultra-precise measurement results,
providing process-relevant oxide concentration
data for the entire flow of material passing
the analyser, without requiring pre-treatment
of the material.
POLAB AOT online analyser
Installed directly downstream of the raw mill, the
POLAB AOT takes raw meal samples at short

... for small and medium sized applications

but for big demands. The process samples
(either automatically supplied via a pneumatic
delivery tube network, or fed in manually, and
dosed on the basis of defined procedures) are
prepared either for routine analysis, Rietveld
analysis or fineness analysis in the integrated
laser granulometer.
POLAB AMT sample preparation and
analysis system
POLAB AMT optimally integrates and harmonises all required sample preparation and analysis
components and still has an extremely small
footprint. The AMT configuration is designed to
ensure the highest standard of efficiency and
provides impressively high sample throughput
rates, easy operation and consistent modularity.
The sample reception and preparation units, as
well as the analyser units (such as fluorescence
spectrometer, diffractometer, laser granulometer
and colour difference analyser) are all placed
within reach of the robot. The robot supplies all
the analyser units with prepared samples and
thus supports simultaneous analyses.