Glossary of Arabic Rhetoric

Absolute metaphor
!."0 g @8Z
Accusative nunation
Q8( , G4 #8
Active participle
'J ( OZb
Acute discernment
3 *, (B
Addressee
g ! t A$ 2 wt k =0
Affinity
4 #9 & 2#
Affirmation tools
D 8 { Wt
Affirmed dispraise
0 I S4 0, rx DE:
Allegorical attribution wf T$ W #Zb
Allegorical subject
%! ! 3 7 wf T$ 'J &
Allegory
wf T0
Alliteration
d?8Z 2B T0
Allusion
(= #Q0 (= ) 0.8
Ambiguity
8n}
Amphigouri
C V rd9
Anagram
( Q*8 < #T .! < #V .! , R #T8
Anaphora
I L, 2 OZ .J @ 3 0p
Anaphoric reference
{ Q
Reversal
'4 8 R9@
Antimetabole
W p8 ^& 98 L, "0 j "
Apocopate article
rXT Wt
Antithesis
3S q V
Apodosis
g x8Jb
Apology
'e @ 3 7 k =$
Apposition
~
Artistic imagery
`&,R!" 0
K s!"
Assertive (qad)
91@1@/R!" 4+
Assimilation
r 7W
Assonance
AT2
Asterism
rx I S4 0, 0 DE:
Astonishment
T@8
Asyndetic proposition ,g { Wt ? & R .0V
Asyndeton
'*(
Attachments
{ !.@8$
Attribution
W #Z
Avoiding redundant discourse @ GJ f 38
Ayah final words
{ 4 ' &
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Background inchoative 3M^$ t 8 $

Backgounding
3 ME8
Al badi'iyyat
{ @4 A4
*e
Blinded discourse
f 6 0@8 4 #9 & 0@0 q .Z
Blinding
4 #9 & 0@8
Bombast
SQ
Borrowed
g @820
Borrowed from
I#$ g @820
Borrowed to
I g @820
Brevity succinctness
3*! f T4b
Cacophony
C 3Q t { 3& #:
Cadence
{ * !4
Case endings
q 3J { D3
Catachresis
GQ. wf T0 l*8
Cataphora
I L d OZ .J @ 3 0p
Cataphoric reference
@, OZb .J 3 0p W J
Causality relationship
2 ed@
Censure
q 8J
Chiasmus
29@ ., !0 rd9 *:
Circumstance
~Q
Circumstance sentence o$/!" 9AQ\
Cliticised pronoun
'*8$ 3 0
Coding
4 #9 & f 6
Cognitive allegory
.!J wf T$
Cognitive clue
.!J #43e
Cognitive simile
.!J I S:
Common noun
R#V OZb
Common signification
u $'!"
Communicator
EM$w!" K4/RQ!"
Compatibility of discourse with context
~ Q p8!$ 0d$
Complaint
w 9n
Complete jinas
r 8 < #T
Complete non relatedness
"!B ~ 0D
Complete relatedness
~ *: ~ 0D
Complex assonance
!@0 AT2
Compound simile
D3$ I S:
Conceit
' .Q8 G2
Conditional (amma)
k3S $
Conditional particle
3S Wt
Conditional sentence
k3n .0V
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Conditional verb
3S '@&
Condolence
4X@:
Confirmed simile
D^$ I S:
Congruent discourse
Od8$ rdD
Conjoined to
.J C "@$
Conjunction
'
Conjunctive elements
,3 { Wt
Connotative meaning
0T@0 3 7 #0p #@0
Consolidating of judgement
O9Q 4 !:
Consonance
Od8 t Z #0
Construct noun phrase I b C p$ C p$
Context of situation
j 2 r !0
Contextual effects
r !0 {}}W
Contextual implicatures e 2 B @0 r !0 B @$
Contextual meaning
$ !0 #@0
Continuity and progression
W T8 Q
Conversational implicatures
43@8 t )4 .8
Co ordination
l"@
Co ordination particle l"@ Wt
Definiteness
l43@8
Definiteness by proper noun
0.@ , l43@8
Demonstrative pronoun g n OZb
Denial interrogative
wg 9B r ?(8Z
Denial reporting
wg 9B 3 =
Denier
`Kw Q!"
Denotative meaning
0Q'(%Q!" 0@1@/!" 0 (Q!"
Designation restriction G @: 3*e
Detached pronoun
'*( 3 0 '*(#$ 3 0
Detailed simile
'*($ I S:
Dialectical mannerism
$d9 ux0
Diatribe
Jd "=
Diminution
3 6*8 ' .!8
Disjunction
'*(
Dispraise
rx
Distasteful style
39$ q .Zb
Distorted jinas
C3Q0 < #T
Dual assonance
BX0 AT2
Effective discourse
- ., rdD 6 ., 6
Effective simile
- ., I S:
Effective style
- ., q .Zb
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Elegance of discourse
Elegance of introduction
Elegant word order
Elegy
Ellipsis
Elliptical succinctness
Eloquence
Eloquent discourse
Embellishments
Enhanced metaphor
Epanodos
Epanorthosis
Epistrophe
Epitrope
Epizeuxis
Eulogy
Euphemism
Euphony
Evaluative discourse
Evasive response
Excempted
Excempted from
Excemption
Exception particle
Exception sentence
Exhortatory oratory
Exordium
Explicatures
Explicit metaphor
Explicit negation
Explicit noun
Explicit pronoun
Explicit simile
Explicit speech act
Extra
Fabricated jinas
False reporting
Figurative skills
Figure of thought
Figures of speech

rd9 ~ 0V G2
~d?8Z G2
O|# G2
v3
CxQ
CxQ f T4
*( "
) *& rdD
A4 O.J
Q8n30 g @8Z
3S#
" 3S# l.
q 3
4 ?# g 39:
, "= O .28
|(. D 8 D 8 g 398
W 0 "=
G4 ?8
rd9 q 2Bb { * $ Mg
D : { WE, 6
O 9Q q .Zb
#2820
I#$ #2820
V$ JRB"
V$ JRB" 2"6c
#a8Zb .0V
|J
, "=
~d?8Z
Q
B @0
Q43*: g @8Zb
)43* (#
)43 OZb
'*( 3 0 3u 3 0
3?|$ I S:
3*$ rdD
.p& A, :
L(.0 < #T
q D 3 M
B G(
B
g *
O.J
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Fore grounded predicate r !$ 3 M

Foregrounding
O4 !8
Forms of affirmation
D 8 ~ 9nt
Future relationship
. !820 ed@
Gathering oratory
.(Q , "=
Generalization
O 0@8
Generalization relationship
r 0@ edJ
Genitive
3T
g 3T0
Genitive nunation
329 , G4 #8
Government office clerks q 89 G4
q 8D
Grammatical congruity 4 QB ;(. Cd8Bb
Grammatical incongruity l E8 l@
Grammatical unacceptability 4 #9 & GQ.
Grammatical unacceptable
4 TB &3$
Harangue
Z 0Q "=
Heavy affirmation (nun) . !a D 8
B
Hiddenness
4 #9 & (=
Highly enphasized discourse
D 8 { WE, s .$ 6
Homeoptoton
u1U`R!"
Hope
0\`R!" V$\`!"
Hypallage
'Z30 f T0
Hyperbole
.6 j 37 - . 8 6 0
Ill formedness
) *& 3 7 - ., 3 7 O|B Z & O|B
Imagery simile
%. a0: I S:
Imaginary simile
0u I S:
Imperative
3$
Implicatures
(= B @0
Implicit
3882$ C xQ$ g !$
Implicit metaphor
#9$ g @8Zb
Implicit pronoun
3882$ 3 0
Implicit simile
30p$ I S: %#0 I S:
Impossibility
' Q820 Q8Z
Inchoative
t80
Incomplete jinas
r 8 3 7 < #T
Incongruent discourse
3& #8$ rdD
Incongruity
3& #:
Incongruous sounds
3& #8$ { t
Indefiniteness
3 9# 3 9#8
Essay/Composiyion
SB
Initial (lam)
8, r}
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Initial reporting
8, 3 =
Strange terms
,36 (
Instrument relationship
ed@
Interrogative
r ?(8Z
Interrogative implying negation wg 9Bb r ?(8Zb
Intertextuality
#8
Intrinsic attribution
wf T$ 3 7 %! ! W #Zb
Intrinsic restriction
wf T$ 3 7 ! ! 3*e
Intrinsic signification
%! ! #@$
Inversion restriction
.e 3*e
Invertion
XT@ .J g * Wg
Irony
43=2
Jinas
R #T8 < #T
Joined sentence
" :30 .0T
Least emphasized discourse
. .e D : { WE, rdD
Lexical affirmation
|( DE:
Lexical context
|( #43e
Lexical clue
91s! 9 &`+
Lexical congruity
y$QAw!" CRT
Lexical embellishments |(. { #2Q0
Lexical incongruity
{ 0.9 3& #:
Lexical item
0.9
Lexical likeness
RB T8 2B T8$ { 0.D
Lexical meaning
0T@0 #@0
Lexical oddity
0.9 , 37
Lexical well-formedness ;(. G2
Lexically alike words
2B T8$ { 0.D
Light affirmation (nun) ( (= D 8
B
Likened
I, I S0
Likened to
I S0
Linguistic allegory
w 6 f T$
Linguistic deviation
C 3QB
Linguistic instinct
! .2
Linguistic patterns
4 6 'D u
Linguistic signaling
04
Linguistic structures
4 6 D 3:
Litotes
(# , { v
Marked word order
C E$ 3 7 w 6 g kb
Metabole
(.8=$ { g @, g 398
Metalepsis
(* 4 #D
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Metaphor
g @8Zb
Metaphor components
g @8Z Dgt 3 #J
Meter
f
Metonymy categories
4 #9 r 2et
Metonymy of an affinity 2# 4 #D
Metonymy of attribute
(* 4 #D
Metonymy of a modified C 0 4 #D
Mixed metaphor
@0 g @8Z
Moderation
20
Mixed of reporting
3= ~ t
Modification
l
Modified
C 0
Modifier
(*
Morphological congruity &3 Cd84b
Morphological incongruity
&3 3& #:
Morphological jin s
l$@RX" #$ \
Morphological system
0.`!" $ !"
Multiple antithesis
., !0
Multiple simile
W @8$ I S:
Naked metaphor
W3T0 g @8Z
Natural disposition
3"(
Naturalness
l.98 r J ~ Z38Z
Necessary requirement relationship
$ X.0 ed@
Negated antithesis
.2 j k
Neologism
Q0 v Q0 (
Nominal sentence
0Zb .0V
Nominalised noun
g *0
Nominative nunation
0p , G4 #8
Non allegorical attribution wf T$ 3 7 W #Zb %! ! W #Zb
Non intrinsic signification
wf T$ #@$ %! ! 3 7 #@$
Non intrinsic subject wf T$ 'J & %! ! 3 7 'J &
Non negated antithesis q T4 j k
Non request informing ." 3 7 SB
Non resemblance jinas L < #T
Nunation
G4 #8
Obligation relationship
$fd ed@
Observation
O ?28 W g
Odd lexical item
,37 |( ,37 0.D
Odes
{ !.Q0
Open minded
Gux
M
62

Oration
, "=
Orator
"=
Order system
O|#
Original sentence
. .0T
Oxymoron
(.= C Wg
Parallelism
.v 00 Bf 0
Paronomasia
3 =8 r ?4 4g 8
Part to whole relationship
BXT ed@
Partial negation
r 0@ .Z
Passive participle
~ @(0 OZb
Past relationship
4 0 ed@ D $ g 8J
Perceptible simile
#2 I S:
Periphrasis
SQ q ?Z
Permanency
y,)%J!"
Personification
1DjR!"
Phonetic congruity
: ;(. Cd8Bb
Phonetic incongruity
: * 3& #8 C 3Q 3& #:
Phonetically close words ,g !8$ { 0.D
Place of articulation
C3Q L"B 9$ C3Q 3=$
Place relationship
.Q0 ed@
Plural of multitude
3a9 A0V
Plural of paucity
.! A0V
Poetic license
43@S g 3p
Poetry
3@S
Political oratory
Z 2 , "=
Polyptoton
j !8n < #V
Polysemy
|(. 38n
Polysendetic sentences ,g { Wt ? & '0V
Polysendeton
'
Portioning
@8
Praise
0
Predicate
Q# & 3 = #20
Predicate status
#20 ~ t
Prefix
0.9 & !, Z
Premise
pe
Preposition and its complement g 3T$ g V
Prepositional phrase
g 3T$ g V
Prohibition
?#
Prolixity
'4 "8
Pronominal
3 0 3 0p , edJ I
63

Pronominalisation
? 0Zt .J 3 0p W J
Pronoun
3 0p
Proper noun
O.J OZb
Prophet's praise
w # )4 0
Prose
3a#
Prosody
3@
Protasis
3S '@&
Proverbial metaphor
. a08 g @8Z
Pun
r 8 < #T 3 =8 r ?4 4g 8
Quadrilateral verb
J ,g '@&
Quotation
< 8e &3 , B @8Z G 0p8
Raising suspense
&,j !"
Rationalistic technique
0 w!" EFaQ!"
Real word
Ae
Rebuke
, :
Rebut
#(4
Rebuttal element
g 8Z Wt
Rebuttal of opponent's argument
O*= T #(:
Regret
r # O4 #8
Relative pronoun
~ 0 OZ
Reporting
3=
Reporting added value
( rf}
Reporting value
3= &
Repugnant sounds
A02 & u 39
Request informing
." SB
Request reporting
." 3 =
Resemblance jinas
g p0 < #T
Restrained style
!$ q .Zt
Restricted
g *!0
Restricted to
I .J g *!0
Restriction
3*! 3*Q
Restriction of a modified to a modifier
( .J C $ 3*e
Restriction particle
3* t 3*e Wt
Result relationship
20 ed@
Reverse jin s
R9@ < #V .! < #V
Reverse simile
q .!$ I S:
Reversed order
q .!0
Reward and punishment J
J
Rhetoric
7d
Rhetorical deficiency
7d, J
64

Rhetorical inimitability 7d f TJ
Rhetorical question
7d r ?(8Z
Rhyme
&!
Riddle
4 #9 & 3 =
Sarcasm
X?8Z
Skeptical
WW38$
Scholastic approach
0 w!" EFaQ!"
Scholastics
0.980
Semantic affirmation
w #@$ DE:
Semantic ambiguity
w #@0 06
Semantic embellishments
4 #@0 { #2Q0
Semantic feature
A$ T ed@
Semantic incongruity
w #@0 3& #8
Semantic link
A$ T ed@
Semantic meaning
}
#@0
Semantic well formedness
#@0 G2
Shift
{ (8
Simile
I S8
Simile categories
I S8 r 2et
Simile components
I S8 Dgt 3 #J
Simile element
I S8 Wt
Simile ends
I S8 &3k
Simile feature
I S8 IV
Single simile
W3($ I S:
Sluggish sentence
3& #8$ . !v .0V
Sluggish style
' !v q .Zt
Solid style
G g q .Zc
Solo restriction
W 3&b 3*e
Specific relationship
*= ed@
Specification
*=8
Specificity
*8M
Stagnation period
W D3 38&
Stanza
w3@n A"!$
State of the addressee
k =0
State relationship
Q ed@
Strong style
G g q .Zb
Stylistic complexity
%, .Z !@8
Stylistic diversity
q "= G4 .:
Stylistic impurity
, 36 ~ x8,
Stylistic incongruity
, .Z 3& #8
65

Stylistic oddity
q .Z & , 36
Stylistic purity
XT
Stylistics
q .Z O.J
Subject
^I$s!" -1!T 4 :%Q!"
Subject status
-1!T 4 :%Q!" o",7c
Sublime style
A &g q .Zt
Substantiation
TQ $ eb
Substituted relationship
0 ed@
Succinctness
f T4}
Suffix
0.9 & ! }
Superfluous particles
X C3
Supplementary restriction
& b 3*e
Surprise particle (idhan) T( b
Symbolic poetry
wX$3 3@S
Symbolism
4 #9 & X$3
Synopsis simile
'0T$ I S:
Syntactic structure
($ .0V
Tail head
g * .J XT@ Wg
Tanfis
R (#8 ~ !8Z G Z r =8Zb
Tapinosis
3 !Q8
Tasw f
l4 28 C Z r !8Zb
Text processing
# O?&
Text producer
: 9 t Q80
Textual weaving
*# c Q
Trilateral verb
vdv '@&
Truthful reporting
jW * 3 =
Two ends of restriction 3*! &3k
Underlying meaning
#k
#@0
Unmarked word order C E$ w 6 g kb
Unnatural style
l.98$ q .Zt
Unnatural discourse
l.98$ 6
Unnaturalness
~ Z38Z r J l.98
Unrestricted simile
'Z3$ I S:
Untruthful reporting
q 9 3 =
Verb attachments
'@( { !.@8$
Verb status
'@( { !.@8$ ~ t
Verbal sentence
.@& .0V
Verbosity
q #k}
Violation of linguistic norms < ! ( =$
Vocative
#
66

Well formedness
) *& O|B - ., O|B O|# G2 rd9 G2
Whole-to-part relationship
XT A$ .9 edJ
Wish
0 QR!"
Wish particles
0 QR!" y" 6c
Word form
9QAw!" ^wX
Zeugma
9( $'!" 2L$)(!"

67