Multi Purpose Deep Tunnel (MPDT)

An Integrated Solution for Flood Control, Water Supply, Waste Water,

Water,
Road Tunnel and Public Utilities in the Jakarta Mega City
Presented to :
Singapore International Water Week (SIWW) 2008
June 25, 2008
Suntec Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre Water Leaders Summit and South East Asia Business Forum

FIRDAUS ALI, PhD.

L
E
P

AN
Y

AN AI

MI

N
U
M

Jakarta Water Supply Regulatory Body

(JWSRB)

Environmental Serious Problems being faced by

Mega City of Jakarta.
1) Floods, paralyzing the city (Business, Industrial and Municipal damages);
a) 2002
b) 2007

Flood damages
ditto

IDR 9.9 Trillions

IDR 8.8 Trillions

TOTAL

IDR 18.7 Trillions

(eq. to USD 2.05 Billions)

2)
3)
4)
5)

Raw water scarcity and also badly polluted;

Water supply coverage ratio, only around 55 %;
Untreated waste water, causing water borne diseases due to e-colli;
Excessive abstraction of Ground Water, causing land subsidence and sea water
intrusion as well as worsening the flood control management;
6) Traffic congestion is severe, causing national loss IDR 43.3 T/annum (eq. to USD 4.76
B/annum);
7) Climate change worsen the situation.

Strategy to Solve Those Problems :

STRUCTURAL
MEASURES

Urban Integrated
Infrastructure
Development

INFRASTRUCTURE

SERIOUS
PROBLEMS

NON STRUCTURAL
MEASURES
Social
Economic
Political
Land Acquisition

Solving Problems
By Stages

BEST EFFORTS
Key Words :

1)
2)

Land Acquisition
Commitment on Urban Integrated Infrastructure Development by stages
stages

Efficient
Cost effectiveness

MULTI PURPOSE DEEP TUNNEL (MPDT)

An Integrated Solution for Flood Control, Water Supply, Waste Water,
Road Tunnel and Public Utilities in the Jakarta Mega City

With the Following Benefits;

1.
Controlling peak flood;
2.
Improving urban wastewater management, including Water Reclamation
Plants (WRPs) to :

Supply clean water for the Northern part of Jakarta;

Improve water quality in water bodies;

Produce electric power (methane gas) and organic fertilizer.
3.
Reducing ground water abstraction due to improved city piped water service
due to a more reliable supply of raw water;
4.
Constructing of tunnel need no land acquisition except for holding pond and
ingresses + egresses of toll road;
5.
Utilizing the tunnel as toll roadway as in SMART project (KL) and utility shaft,
as in TARP project (Chicago).

Ciliwung River Basin

CILIWUNG-CISADANE
RIVER BASIN

JAVA SEA

Note :

CISADANE RIVER IMPROVEMENT

Ci
du

iran

Ciliwung Cisadane
Boundary
River basin boundary

CENGKARENG DRAIN NORMALIZATION

Road

WEST FLOOD WAY NORMALIZATION

Ci
ra

ra

Cima n ceu ri

K. Ta ha ng

K. Blen co ng

Cakung Dr ain

lB

K. Bek a
si

na
Ka

DKI Provincial Government

K. Cip in a ng

Flood control program (alternative 1 )

C ile
mah
a ba n
g

BEKASI
Cikarang

K. Ca ku ng

K.

ter
Sun

K. Cid eng
K. Kru ku t

K. M a mpa ng

K. J atik ra ma t

K. Bu a ra n

C.
B.
L

KARAWANG

g
C is
ad a
n

n gs
i

ran

ke
C

Cileu

ka
Ci

Ci b eet

Pondok Gede
3 5 ,5 Km +
6
Jam
Cil iwung

C is

Drainage Network

Ba ru T
imu

Cimanggis
Cileungsi

Cibeet

ea s

Gunung Putri

ke Rangkasbitung

Curug
Jonggol
Ci ta ru

32 Km
+3
Hou rs

Parung

To l
ke C
ik a
mp e
k

Cibarusa

Ka li

DEPOK

ika
mp
ek

C ik

Cima tu k

Cib eu reu m

n
Ba

K. S ek reta ris

Ciputat

gk e
K. An

Serpong

K. Pesa n gg rah an

Cid u rian

C im
a n ce
u ri

K. Gro go l

K. S ep ak
S a l. M eru ya

ta n
We

+ 1 6.46

Ranca
Sumur

ke Serang

+ 60
. 1

K.

Curug

ne
ada

Ciledug

K. M a ru n da

a
ar

Cengkar eng Dr ain

Ka
ma
l

K.

Balaraja

s
eu

era
k

Ci
pa

to
ke l
M

TANGERANG

JAKARTA
ijr

Cileu leu
s

River

ta
- Ha t
rn o
S u ka irpo rt
A

ng
m

ke
Se
ra

Railway

Waduk
Jatiluhur

BOGOR
Empang

+ 2 43 3
. 3

+ 2 40 9
. 7

Katulampa

Planned of Ciawi Dam

ke Cianjur
0

10

12 km

PR OYEK PENGELOLAAN SUMBER AIR

DAN PENGENDALIAN BANJIR
CILIWUNG-CISADANE

Gn. Pangrango
sws

08.11.2001

Se a O u
t fa l l

Pl u
i t Sto r g
ae
Re s e rv oir
WR P

To Sea Outfall

Gro gol Da m

Cid e ngPum p
i ng
St a to
in
Me al ti
Att n
e ua ti on
Pond
Ka re t Slu i ec
G ta e
M n
a gga ra i
Slu i ec Gat e
Se t ai bud
i Pond

Pe o
j mp ong an
WTP

Pluit Storage
Reservoir

Hold i n
g Ba is n
He a dwor sk

WRP
West

Egress
Airport

Central

East
M ap of MPDT
Concept

Egress
Roxy

Grogol Dam

Cideng Pumping
Station

Egress Tanah Abang

Karet Sluice
Gate

Pejompongan WTP

Melati Attenuation
Pond
Manggarai
Sluice Gate
Setiabudi Pond
Toll Road
Balekambang - Manggarai

Holding Basin

MPDT Central Zone

Headworks

MPDT FOR CENTRAL ZONE (CILIWUNG, CIDENG, KRUKUT)

Java Sea
Sea Outfall (Pumped + Non Return Valve )
Existing pump

Egress Airport

Pluit Reservoir
Area : 80 Ha
(Half part is for WWTP/ Advanced Activated Sludge)

Ri ver Be d / We st Flood Wa y / Surfa ce

River B ed / West Flood Way / Su rface

MTHaryono

MPDT
BelIntake
l Mouth

Sewage
pipes

U tili ty Sha ft

U tility Shaft

Hol +din4gHaBasin

Drainage network
+ 15m

Full Pre
F ully
ssPuriz
ressurized
ed Flow
Flow

+ 15 m

Diversi onWeir

Egress Roxy

/s) dur
3with
3 /s ) m
( 10 0 m(250
duri
ng ni7 ghour
3

R 100 (emerg en cyou tlet)

+ 12m

wit h R1 00

+ 12 m

Headworks

(e merge ncy out let )

Wastewater

Stor m Water

Inl et
OffTake

Egress Tanah Abang

Hea dwo rk MT Ha ryo no + Ho ldin g Bas in

Was te wat er
+ 12m

Melati Attenuation Ponds

(area : 3.5 Ha)

+ 12 m
Length

: + 22 Km

Diameter

: + 12 m

Volume
Filling
Le
ngtTime
h

Diame te r
Volume
Fil ling Ti me

Ciliwung Kota

Karet Sluice
Gate

: + 2.5 million m
: + 3 :ho
+ur22 Km

Q=0

:+ 12m
: + 2.5 mill ion m3

West Fl ood
Way

: + 7 hour

Pejompongan WTP

Setiabudi Ponds
(area : 4.35 Ha)

Thr ough MP DT

Manggarai Sluice
Gate
Plan of MPDT

Toll Road

(underneath Ciliwung Riv er and West Flood Way)

Ingress Balekambang - Pasar

Minggu- Manggarai

Through DTRS

h
Headwork MT Haryono

- Diversion Weir

Safety Level
Safe
Level
(at Normalize
(at NormalizedKali
d Kali Ciliw ung and
B KB)
Ciliwung and BKB)

- Off take S tructure

- Holding Pond (+ 4 Ha)

Flood Q100

Flood Q3100
Ma ngga rai Sluic e Ga te = 7 50 m /s
Manggarai Sluice Gate=
750 m3/s

t
Peak P er iod

Peak
Period
3/s3/s
Q MP DT (max) at Peak Flood = 10
250 0mm

(the fl o w si u s ua l y d isc ha rge d into the e xis ti n g u rba n d rain ag e sy ste m to d own town
a reaDTRS
a t Alert L ev el 1)

Q
(max) at peak Flood = 100 m3/s
(the flow is usuall y discharged into the exist ing urban drain age
system to down town area at alert level !)

CILIWUNG RIVER

River Bed / West Flood Way / Surface

Utility Shaft

+ 15 m

Fully Pressurized Flow

(250 m3/s) during 3 hour
with R100

+ 12 m

(emergency outlet)
Wastewater

Storm Water
+ 12 m

Length
Diameter
Volume
Filling Time

: + 22 Km
: + 12 m
: + 2.5 million m3
: + 3 hour

Flood Data, February 2007

MPDT & Other Alternative Technology

MPDT

DAM

Canal

Ancient
River

Ground Water
Recharge

Flood control

2.

Scarcity of Raw water resource

3.

Sewage

4.

Ground water conservation

(DG)

 (SG)

5.

Improvement of surface water quality

6.

Land acquisition

7.

Cost



8.

Technology

9.

Integrated Urban Water Resources

10
.

Potential Revenue

USD

usd

N
o.

Jakarta Water Resources Manage ment

(problems & solutions)

1.

 = appropriate;
= how ?;  = not possible;  = not effective;
= unnecessary;

 = a must;  = relatively expensive;
= inexpensive; USD = potential; usd = slightly potential;  =relatively easy

Note : in addition to matters mentioned above, MPDT also benefits in improving toll road & utility network

FLOW DIAGRAM OF MPDT CONCEPT IMPLEMENTATION

Flow Diagram of MPDT Concept

I.

Pre-Feasibility Study (FS) to Basic Design

This phase comprises of :

1)

Technical Aspect, for Geological aspect and Hydro Geology, Soil

Investigation, Flood Control, Traffic System Engineering and
Management, Waste Water Management and its Reclamation Plant,
Utility Shaft, Civil/Structural Engineering Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering, Health and Safety Engineering.

2)

Economical Aspect, economical aspect is needed to observe to what

extent investment is economically feasible to mitigate the impact of
flood damages and address economical benefit.

Continued..

I. Pre-Feasibility Study (FS) to Basic Design

3)

4)

Ecological and social culture aspect, which comprises of :

A.

Environmental/ecological impact in development phase and

operation and maintenance phase.

B.

Cultural social aspect, especially for those community reside

along side Ciliwung river and west flood way including
acceptability level.

Financial aspect, is needed in identifying to what extent private sector

including BUMN and BUMD both national and foreign investment are
financially feasible (FIRR, schematic fund and concession period)

II. Feasibility Study (FS) to Detailed Design

1)

After Pre-Fs is accepted by the government, the stages of FS and

detailed design shall be continued by the proponent;

2)

The result of FS and detailed design shall become a basis for

negotiation process based on BOT scheme, or tendering process under
PPP scheme between Government and Private sector;

3)

The negotiation or tender result as mentioned above, shall become a

baseline for entering the contract agreement between government and
related private sector, based on pre determined of concession period.

III. MPDT Implementation

Once FS and Detailed Design are completely done, next phase is to implement
MPDT by the investor consortium through EPC system (Engineering,
Procurement, & Construction) which consist of work items as follow:
A.

Deep Tunnel 22 km including Holding Pond, Flood Forecasting

and Warning Center, Weather Radar and Rain gauge Station,
Sea Outfall Turbine Pump plus Surge Chamber;

B.

Toll Road 18 km including Ingress and Egress, Motorway

Control Center, Safety Features including Escape Routes and
Fire Hydrants ;

C.

Sewerage system consist of Main Trunk, Secondary, Tertiary

Pipe Networks and Water Reclamation Plant;

D.

Utility Shaft.

IV. Operational Management

1)

This phase is not only expected by public at large but also by government
and investor.

2)

Considering that MPDT is a multi purpose, integrated and accurate

monitoring and controlling are crucially important (for instance :
integration among the SOP of flood control, toll road operational
management and its safety features, sewerage system, etc)

3)

Controlling of each component, consist of :

a.
b.
c.
d.

Revenue Collection
OM Costs
Tariff adjustment
etc.

Development Cost (based price 2008)

1. MPDT

: IDR 12.7 T

USD 1,396 Millions

 Deep Tunnel (including Holding Pond, Flood Forecasting

and Warning Center, Weather Radar and Rain gauge Station,
Sea Outfall Turbine Pump plus Surge Chamber); double deck
toll road (including motorway control center and safety
features inside tunnel)
: IDR 11.7 T USD 1,286 Millions
(unit price MPDT including double deck toll road is estimated IDR 650 Billions per km length)
 Waste Water Trunk Main

: IDR 0.5 T USD

550 Millions

 Utility Shaft

: IDR 0.5 T USD

550 Millions

2. Waste Water System

: IDR 4.3 T

USD

472 Millions

: IDR 17 T

USD 1,868 Millions

 Secondary &Tertiary
 Water Reclamation Plant /WRP
(Recycle)
Total

Potential Revenue from Toll Road

Estimated LHR (Daily Average of Traffic Amounts) : 51,000 vehicles/da y

captive market 25% of Sedyatmo toll road users

based on LHR sedyatmo toll road data until December 2005 is 203,138 vehicles/day

Captive market :
short route (manggarai tanah abang) 4 km
medium route ( manggarai roxy) 8.5 km
far route (manggarai Soeta airport) 18 km

Tariff per km (assumption)

: 20%
: 20%
: 60%

IDR 1,000/km

(tariff in 2008)

based on SMART-KL, Malaysia data, assumption tariff/km = IDR 1,666/km

Effective days used

Length
Toll Road Route

(km)

350 days

Daily Av erage of Traffic

Amounts

estimated tariff

(vehicles/day)

(IDR/vehicles)

Potential Revenue
(IDR/day)

(IDR/annum)

short

10,200

20%

4,000

40,800,000

14,280,000,000

medium

8.5

10,200

20%

8,500

86,700,000

30,345,000,000

far

18

30,600

60%

18,000

550,800,000

192,780,000,000

10.17

51,000

100%

10,167

678,300,000

237,405,000,000

Potential revenue from toll road is IDR 237,405,000,000 per annum, or IDR 237,000,000,000 (rounded down)

eq. to USD 26,000, 000 per annum

Potential Revenue from

Waste Water, Water Reclamation, Electricity,
Fertilizer, and Utility Shaft

Area of Central Zone

6,932

ha

Population

450

Total Population served

3,119,400

100

311,940

113,858,100

m3/annum

114,000,000

m3/annum ( rounded up)

People/hectare
nos

Waste water production

per people

Total Waste Water

lt/people/day

m3/day

Potential Revenue from Waste Water

Waste Water Charges (sources data : JWDP, 2000)
Average Charges

Potential Revenue

216,600,000,000 IDR/annum

217,000,000,000 IDR/annum (rounded up)

eq. to :

1,900 IDR/m3

(2008)

24,000,000 USD/annum

Potential Revenue from Water Supply

Estimated Tariff

2,500 IDR/m3

Volume of water
Produced

265,149 m3/day

96,779,385 m3/annum

241,948,462,500 IDR/annum

242,000,000,000 IDR/annum (rounded up)

Potential Revenue
Eq. to

26,600,000 USD/annum

2008

85% of total waste

Potential Revenue from Organic Fertilizer

:

1,200

IDR/kg

Based on current urea prices

per kg in 2006

1,400

IDR/kg

Estimated price in 2008

Specific Gravity

1.13

ton/m3

Total Waste to be
Treated

17,078,715

m3/annum

19,298,948

ton/annum

19,298,947,950

0.20%

38,597,896

54,037,054,400

IDR/annum

54,000,000,000

IDR/annum (rounded down)

6,000,000

Estimated price

Percentage of fertilizer
from waste

Potential Re venue

Eq. to

Assumption of waste to be
treated for organic fertilizer is
15% of total waste (113,858,100
m3/annum)

kg/annum

kg/annum

USD/annum

Milwauke, USA can produce

2 kg organic fertilizer from 1
ton of waste

Potential Revenue from Methane Gas (Electricity)

Estimated Price

4,500 IDR/kg

Based on current retail price

of LPG : IDR 55,000/12kg =
IDR 4,583/kg

Total methane gas

for electricity

8,491,537 kg/annum

Based on assumption of
CH4 (gas methan) = 0.22 x
biosolid

Potential Revenue

38,211,916,941 IDR/annum

38,000,000,000 IDR/annum (rounded down)

4,000,000 USD/annum

Note :
1.

Potential revenue from methane gas could also achieve through Carbon Finance Scheme;

2.

This scheme is b eing implemented b y Bekasi local government through methane gas conversion sale from TPA Sumur
Batu to Dutch Government with 15 year concession period.

Potential Revenue from Utility Shaft

Length of Utility Shaft
:
no. of users (assumption)* :
Potential Revenue

:
Eq. to:

22
7
23,000,000,000
2,500,000

km
operators
IDR/annum
USD/annum

*) assumption no of user
water
electricity
gas
telecommunication
total

:
:
:
:
:

1
1
1
4
7

palyja/tpj
pln
pgn
telkom, indosat, xl,cdma

Estimated Revenue per Year

(based price 2008)
1.

Toll Road

= IDR

237 B USD

26

2.

Waste Water
- Waste Water Service Charges

= IDR

551 B USD

60.6 Millions

- Water from Reclamation

- Electricity
- Fertilizer

3.

Utility Shaft

Millions

: IDR 217 B USD 24 Millions

: IDR 242 B USD 26.6 Millions
: IDR 38 B USD 4 Millions
: IDR 54 B USD 6 Millions

= IDR

23 B USD

2.5 Millions

Total Revenue per annum = IDR

811 B USD

89.1 Millions

Operation and Maintenance Cost per Year

(based price 2008)

Toll Road
: 20% x IDR 237 B = IDR 47.4 B USD 5.2 Millions
Waste Water : 20% x IDR 551 B = IDR 110.2 B USD 12.1 Millions
Utility Shaft : 5% x IDR 23 B
= IDR 1.15 B USD 0.2 Millions

Total Operation & Maintenance cost

= IDR 158.75 B
= IDR 159 B (rounded up)
Eq. to = USD 17.5 Millions

Flood Damages Prevention (FDP) Government

Flood Damages Prevention (FDP)

0.5 x 1/3 x IDR 18.7 T
or approximately

= IDR 3.11 T (for 5 year)

Eq. to = USD 342 Millions
= IDR 623 B (per annum )
Eq. to = USD 68 Millions

JAKARTA MULTIPURPOSE DEEP TUNNEL

(MPDT) SYSTEM

Thank You