MODUL H

(Regional Resource Economics)

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT I
Economic regional of Nusa Tenggara Barat Province

Lecturer:
Ayutia Nurwita, S.E., M.T.

By :
IRIANSA
14/370694/PMU/8198

GEO-INFORMATION FOR SPATIAL PLANNING AND RISK MANAGEMENT

GRADUATE SCHOOL GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2015

A. Geography Condition
NTB consists of 2 (two) big island of Lombok and Sumbawa Island and hundreds of small
islands. Of the 280 islands that exist, there are 32 islands have been inhabited. The total area of
the province reached 20153.15 sq.km. Located between 1150 46'- 1190 5' east longitude and 80
10 '- 90 5' south latitude (Figure 1). Sumbawa Island wide reach 15414.5 sq.km (76.49%) or 2 / 3
of the NTB area, and the vast island of Lombok is only reached 1/3 only. NTB provincial
government center located in Mataram Lombok Island. Selong is a city that has the highest
altitude, ie 166 m above sea level while the lowest Taliwang with 11 m above sea level. The city
of Mataram as the province where the capital city has a height of 27m above sea level. Of the
seven mountains that exist on the island of Lombok, Rinjani Montain is the highest with an
altitude of 3726 mdpl, while Mount Tambora on Sumbawa is the highest
mountain with an altitude of 2851 m above sea level from the existing nine mountain
According to data from the Meteorology and Geophysics (BMKG), the maximum
temperature in 2011 ranged between 31.4 0C -33,1 0C, and minimum temperature ranged
between 22.2 0C - 22,8 0C. The highest temperatures occur in October and lowest in January.
Humidity in the province had an average relative humidity is high, between 79,8-80,9 percent,
with average wind speeds reach the range of 5-7 Knots and maximum wind speed reaches 40
Knots. The lowest number of rainy days is 1 days in September and the highest was in January
with the number of rainy days to 28 days
Figure 1. Administrasi Map Of NTB Provice 2013

Livelihood in NTB is overwhelmingly dependent on agriculture. More than 90% of income is

derived from agriculture. And agriculture is still largely rain-fed and supported by poor technology
and services . Agricultural production is still highly dependent on natural resources. The ratio
between rain-fed and irrigated areas is 1.0:2.5 (Crop and Horticultural Division of NTB Agriculture
Office, 2012), and 60% of the irrigation facilities are estimated to be damaged (NTB Public Works
Office, 2012). As a result, climate variability and extreme climatic events such as flooding and
drought highly influence agricultural production and food security.

Lombok is mainly inhabited by the Sasak ethnic group, with a

minority Balinese population, and Sumbawa is inhabited by Sumbawa and Bimaethnic
groups. Each of these groups has a local language associated with it as well. The population
of the province was 4,496,855 (at the 2010 census); 70.4% of the population lives
on Lombok (at the 2010 census), which has only 22.9% of the area. The latest estimate (for
January 2014) is 4,702,389.[6] The province is considered to be one of the least developed
of Indonesia's 33 provinces. In 2005, Nusa Tenggara Barat was reported as the most
affected area for malnutrition and kwashiorkor.[7] Life expectancy in Nusa Tenggara Barat
amounting to only 54 years is the lowest in Indonesia (69 years) and infant mortality rate is
the highest

B. Economic Growth of Westn Nusa Tenggara Province

Table1. Economic Growth rate of West Nusa Tenggara Province (based 6 district/city)
No Industrial Origin
Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry
1
& Fishery
2 Mining & Quarrying
3 Manufacture Industries
4 Electricity, Gas & Water Supply
5 Construction
6 Trade, Hotel & Restaurant
7 Transport & Communication
Finance, Real Estate & Business
8
Services
9 Services
GRDP

2010

2011

2012 %/Year

1.39
12.71
5.73
9.38
8.93
7.88
7.54

5.54
-27.04
5.63
8.51
8.52
9.38
9.17

4.51
-28.02
3.12
9.49
8.99
9.22
6.55

3.81
-14.12
4.83
9.12
8.81
8.83
7.75

10.27
6.79
8.12

11.03
4.93
-4.44

11.32
3.89
-2.50

10.87
5.20
0.39

Billion_Rp
116.25
-649.10
38.38
4.19
98.03
186.52
87.11

%
16.98
0.00
5.60
0.61
14.32
27.24
12.72

86.40 12.62
67.85 9.91
35.64
100

Based to GDRP data analysis of West Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Barat-NTB)
Province period 2009-2012 from 6 district with economic growth average only 0.39 %/year
(table 1). Where in 2010, NTB province has the economic growth rate reached of 8,12 %
and in 2011 a decline around of 4,44 %. While in 2012, decreased again around 2,50 %. To
economic sector of NTB Province that experienced the highest growth rate is Finance, Real
Estate & Business Services sector with growth rate reached of 10,87 %. While, the who
decreased to its lowest growth rate is Mining and Quarrying sector with the degree of
decrease average is 14,12.
While, the economic growth rate of NTB province according to nine district period
2009-2012 that Lombok Tengah is district which have the highest growth rate in between
other district/city (figure 2) with growth rate average of 8,97 %/year temporary, the West
Sumbawa District has growth rate average decrease of 13,60 %/year. In addition to, four
Figure 2. Ranking of economic growth in the NTB province according to nine district
period 2009-2010 (%/year)
Kab. Lombok Tengah

8.97

Kab. Lombok Timur

-13.60

5.51

Kab. Sumbawa Barat

Kab. Dompu

6.46

Kab. Sumbawa

6.54

Kota Mataram
-15.00

-10.00

-5.00

6.21
0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

other district/city namely East Lombok, Dompu, Sumbawa and Mataram City has growth
rate between 5,50 6,55 %/year
Table 2: GRDP per capita of NTB Province Period 2009-2012 (Million Rupiah)
District/City
Kota Mataram
Kab. Sumbawa
Kab. Dompu
Kab. Sumbawa Barat
Kab. Lombok Timur
Kab. Lombok Tengah
NTB

2009
5.10
4.20
4.11
43.21
4.77
2.47
5.60

2010
5.44
4.41
4.25
47.81
4.95
2.59
5.99

2011
5.80
4.67
4.55
34.89
5.20
2.79
5.67

2012 Gowth (%/Yaer)

5.88
4.87
4.95
5.62
4.80
5.32
24.94
-14.96
5.42
4.37
3.11
8.03
5.47
-0.59

Besides the economic growth, GRDP per capita of NTB Province is also average decrease of
0,59 %/year, that matter on the table 2 show that GRDP per capita in 2009 of 5,60 million rupiah.
While, decrease in 2012 to 5,47 million rupiah. Decrease in economic growth and GRDP per capita of
NTB province is conformable production decrease of Mining and Quarrying sector. Where, the

Mining and Quarrying sector is the only one decrease of economic sector in the NTB
province and its economic sector has GRDP value highest between other sector of NTB on
the province level and West Sumbawa as district level.
C. Economic Structure Region of Westn Nusa Tenggara Province
Table 3. Economic structure and friction of NTB province period 2009-2012 (%)
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Industrial Origin
Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery
Mining & Quarrying
Manufacture Industries
Electricity, Gas & Water Supply
Construction
Trade, Hotel & Restaurant
Transport & Communication
Finance, Real Estate & Business Services
Services
GRDP

2009
20.36
32.97
5.24
0.29
7.05
13.39
7.20
4.93
8.57
100

2010
19.09
34.37
5.13
0.29
7.10
13.36
7.16
5.03
8.46
100

2011
21.08
26.24
5.67
0.33
8.07
15.29
8.18
5.85
9.29
100

2012 Friction
22.60
2.24
19.37
-13.60
5.99
0.75
0.37
0.08
9.02
1.97
17.13
3.74
8.94
1.74
6.68
1.74
9.90
1.33
100
0

Economic structure and friction of NTB province period 2009-2012 (table 3) show that
Mining & Quarrying sector in 2009 has the highest contribution on the economic of NTB Province
compared with other i.e. 32.97 % and followed by agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery sector

of 20,36 %. In addition to, the least sector role is Electricity, Gas & Water Supply with contribution of
0,29 %.
In 2012, friction occur of economic structure in NTB province especially Mining & Quarrying
sector which role decrease of 13,60 % where the role of economic region only of 19,37 %. That
matter, maybe caused by production reduce of mining because availability of mineral resources
began to decrease. As shown in the figure 2 that in 2012, the highest of enhancement the sector
role is Trade, Hotel & Restaurant of 3.74 and the highest role sector is Agriculture, Livestock,
Forestry & Fishery of 22,60 % (figure 3)
Figure 3. Economic structure and friction the role of economic sector in NTB Province period
2009-2012
100%

80%

8.57
4.93
7.20

8.46
5.03
7.16

70%

13.39

13.36

60%

7.05
5.24

7.10
5.13

32.97

34.37

26.24

19.37

20.36

19.09

21.08

22.60

90%

50%
40%
30%

9.29
5.85
8.18
15.29

8.07
5.67

9.90
6.68
8.94
17.13
9.02
5.99

Services
Finance, Real Estate &
Business Services
Transport &
Communication
Trade, Hotel &
Restaurant
Contruction
Electry, Gas & Water
Supply
Manufacture Industries

20%
10%
0%
2009

2010

2011

2012

Mining & Quarrying

Agriculture, Livestock,
Forestry & Fishery

The role of every economic sector of the district/city economic matters in the NTB
Province 2009 (table 4) show that the Mataram city has the highest economic sector role is
Transport & Communication and Trade, Hotel & Restaurant sector i.e. each of 26,67% and
18,83%. While, the lowest economic sector role of Mataram city is Mining & Quarrying
sector (0,02%). The condition is caused due to Mataram is the provincial capital, so that the
activities and mobility of society is highest compared by the other region of NTB province.
In addition to, the Mataram City has narrow area of 61,30 km2 (figure 4) and Mining activity
only form of mineral C (sand/gravel) and clay. So that, the Mining & Quarrying, Electricity,
Gas & Water Supply and Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery sector has role is low
Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery sector has highest role to economy
matters in the Sumbawa and Dompu district i.e. 41,90% and 40,43%. Mining & Quarrying
sector has highest role of 92,03% to economy matters in the west Sumbawa distric.
Manufacture Industries sector has highest role of 12,23% to economy matters in the
Mataram City. Electry, Gas & Water Supply sector has role value is under 1% to every
district/city of NTB Province. Contruction sector has highest role value in the Sumbawa
Figure 4. Percentage of district/city total area in the NTB Province (BPS, 2013)

District (11,72 %) and Center Lombok District (11,58%). Trade, Hotel & Restaurant sector
has highest role value in the East Lombok (19,78%) and Center Lombok District (19,73%).
Finance, Real Estate & Business Services has highest role value in the Mataram City i.e. 16,
52 %. While, the Services sector has highest role value in the Center Lombok District i.e.
14,68%
Table 4. Economic structure of district/city in the NTB Province 2009 (%)
Industrial Origin

West
Sumbawa

East
Lombok

Center
Lombok

NTB
Province

40.43

2.58

35.46

30.70

20.36

2.36

92.03

4.67

3.89

32.97

4.35

4.17

0.25

7.70

7.99

5.24

0.77

0.55

0.36

0.03

0.25

0.24

0.29

9.17

11.72

6.91

1.51

8.91

11.58

7.05

18.83

18.79

18.75

1.80

19.78

19.73

13.39

26.67

5.99

6.46

0.88

6.15

5.81

7.20

16.52

2.85

7.21

0.23

4.97

5.39

4.93

11.56

11.64
100

13.35
100

0.69
100

12.11
100

14.68
100

8.57
100

Mataram

Sumbawa

Dompu

Agriculture, Livestock,
Forestry & Fishery
Mining & Quarrying

4.22

41.90

0.02

2.20

Manufacture Industries

12.23

Electricity, Gas & Water

Supply
Construction
Trade, Hotel &
Restaurant
Transport &
Communication
Finance, Real Estate &
Business Services
Services
GDRP

100.00

The economic sector role in 2012 to economy matters each district/city of NTB
province is not much different in 2009 with the exception of Mining & Quarrying Sector
which has decrease by 8,10 % in the west Sumbawa i.e. 83.93% in 2012. While, the sector

Transport & Communication sector has decrease by 7, 17% in the Mataram City i.e. 9.50%
and the Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery sector has decrease of 5,15% in the
Table 5. Economic structure of district/city in the NTB Province 2012 (%)
Industrial Origin
Agriculture, Livestock,
Forestry & Fishery
Mining & Quarrying
Manufacture Industries
Electricity, Gas & Water
Supply
Construction
Trade, Hotel &
Restaurant
Transport &
Communication
Finance, Real Estate &
Business Services
Services
GDRP

Mataram

Sumbawa

Dompu

West
Sumbawa

East
Lombok

Center
Lombok

NTB
Province

3.72

40.49

39.50

5.28

32.78

25.55

22.60

0.01

2.20

2.45

83.93

4.88

3.94

19.37

12.11

4.20

2.06

0.49

7.60

7.46

5.99

0.88

0.59

0.37

0.05

0.27

0.24

0.37

10.13

12.36

7.63

3.02

9.81

11.52

9.02

21.73

19.84

19.35

3.72

21.45

19.38

17.13

19.50

6.15

6.61

1.80

6.30

13.53

8.94

20.01

2.84

8.51

0.50

5.30

5.40

6.68

11.90

11.34

13.51

1.21

11.62

12.96

9.90

100.00

100

100

100

100

100

100

Center Lombok district. Besides, the Finance, Real Estate & Business Services sector has
increase role of 20,01%. Some other sector has increase role is under 3% and some
decrease role is under 3%
D. Spatial Economic Structure of Region
Spatial economic structure of NTB province based to GRDP each district/city in 2009
show that west Sumbawa District has the highest degree of GRDP value compared other
district/city in the NTB province i.e. 4.887,54 Billion Rupiah and a second position, followed
by East Lombok District with GRDP value of 2.828,69 Billion Rupiah. While, Dompu is district
has the lowest degree of GRDP i.e. 890,89 Billion Rupiah (Figure 5).
In 2012, change position occur to GRDP ranking of district/city in NTB Province.
Where, every district/city increased of GRDP value except West Sumbawa District to
decreased with GRDP value of 2958,36 which is the second position. While, the first position
ranking of GDRP i.e. East Lombok District with GRDP value of 3.322,49 Billion Rupiah. In
addition to, Dompu district although has increase value of GRDP in 2012, but they are
bottom of GRDP value compared the other district/city i.e. 1.074,5 Billion Rupiah
To determine the factor cause the anomaly of GRDP ranking in the NTB Province,
can be show on the table 6 and table 7. In 2009, West Sumbawa district can be contribute
of 33,77 % to PRDB of NTB Province mostly obtained of 94,27 from Mining & Quarrying
Sector on the province level. However, East Lombok district has contribute of 19, 55%

Figure 5. Ranking of GRDP in the NTB Province according to district/city (Billion Rupiah)
GRDP 2009
West Sumbawa

GDRP 2012
4887.54

East Lombok

East
Lombok

3322.49

West
Sumbawa

2828.69

2958.36

Center Lombok

2105.19

Center
Lombok

Mataram

2029.32

Mataram

Sumbawa

1730.53

Dompu

2000

2429.71

Sumbawa

890.89
0

2721.4

2092.66

Dompu
4000

6000

1074.5
0

2000

4000

where the Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery sector has the highst contribute on the
province level i.e. 34,04%. While, Dompu District can be contribute to PRDB of Province
level only of 6,16%.
Table 6. Spatial economic structure of NTB Province according to every district/city
economic sector in 2009 (%)
Industrial Origin
Agriculture, Livestock,
Forestry & Fishery
Mining & Quarrying
Manufacture Industries
Electricity, Gas & Water
Supply
Construction
Trade, Hotel &
Restaurant
Transport &
Communication
Finance, Real Estate &
Business Services
Services
GDRP

Mataram

Sumbawa

Dompu

West
Sumbawa

East
Lombok

Center
Lombok

NTB
Province

2.91

24.61

12.23

4.27

34.04

21.94

100.00

0.01
32.71

0.80
9.92

0.44
4.89

94.27
1.61

2.77
28.70

1.71
22.17

100.00
100.00

37.42

22.80

7.69

2.95

17.16

11.97

100.00

18.24

19.88

6.03

7.24

24.71

23.89

100.00

19.72

16.79

8.62

4.55

28.88

21.44

100.00

51.95

9.95

5.52

4.12

16.71

11.75

100.00

46.95

6.90

8.99

1.59

19.68

15.88

100.00

18.92
14.02

16.25
11.96

9.59
6.16

2.71
33.77

27.62
19.55

24.92
14.55

100.00
100.00

In 2012, Mining & Quarrying which is the main sector of West Sumbawa has the
production reduce, so that only able to contribute of 87,91 percent to PDRB of province

level and caused by decrease of economy matter role of West Sumbawa District i.e. 20,29
Percent. While, the role of economic matter in the East Lombok District able to give
Table 6. Spatial economic structure of NTB Province according to every district/city economic sector
in 2012 (%)
Industrial Origin
Agriculture, Livestock,
Forestry & Fishery
Mining & Quarrying
Manufacture Industries
Electricity, Gas & Water
Supply
Construction
Trade, Hotel &
Restaurant
Transport &
Communication
Finance, Real Estate &
Business Services
Services
GDRP

Mataram

Sumbawa

Dompu

West
Sumbawa

East
Lombok

Center
Lombok

NTB
Province

2.74

25.72

12.64

4.74

33.06

21.10

100.00

0.01
33.68

1.63
10.05

0.91
2.49

87.91
1.65

5.74
28.89

3.80
23.25

100.00
100.00

39.02

22.48

7.07

2.93

16.36

12.15

100.00

18.73

19.68

6.12

6.81

24.80

23.86

100.00

21.15

16.63

8.17

4.40

28.54

21.12

100.00

36.36

9.87

5.35

4.09

16.07

28.26

100.00

49.95

6.11

9.22

1.52

18.09

15.11

100.00

20.03
16.67

16.44
14.35

9.87
7.23

2.48
20.29

26.74
22.79

24.43
18.67

100.00
100.00

contribute of 22, 79 percent due to the increase 2 percent of Mining & Quarrying sector.
The every economic sector of Dompu District only able to contribute increase is under 1
percent.
E. Income Disparities Between Regions
1. Level of Income per capita across regions
Figure 6. Income per capita of NTB Province in 2012 (Million)
West Sumbawa

24.94

Mataram

5.88

East Lombok

5.42

Sumbawa

4.95

Dompu

4.80

Center Lombok

3.11

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

The level of Income per capita across regions in the NTB Province show the
differences in contrast. Where, the West Sumbawa District has the highest income per
capita value of 24, 94 million rupiah (Figure 6). While, five other district/city has income

per capita of under nine million rupiah. The condition of income per capita across
regions in the NTB province indicating that the disparity of income across regions.
However, in terms GRDP per capita of West Sumbawa has decrease average of 14,96
percent/year
2. The poverty rate across regions
The poverty rate accord region of NTB Province based BPS data in 2011-2012
(table 7) show that decrease value of poverty of 1,65 percent in 2012. Where, the
highest level of decrease in the East Lombok i.e. 2.11 percent. While, the five other
district/city has the poverty decrease level of under 2 percent. From percentage of
poverty rate did not show significant disparity
Table 7. the percentage of poor population of NTB 2011-2012 (%)
Distric/City
2011
2012 Change 2011-2012
Center Lombok
19.92
18.14
-1.78
Dompu
19.9
18.17
-1.73
Sumbawa
21.75
19.82
-1.93
East Lombok
23.82
21.71
-2.11
Mataram
14.44
13.18
-1.26
West Sumbawa
21.82
19.88
-1.94
NTB
19.67
18.02
-1.65

Sources: BPS of NTB Province, 2013

Figure 7. the poor population number of NTB province in 2012
East Lombok

227859

Center Lombok

148153

Sumbawa

78208

Mataram

50478

Dompu

37830

West Sumbawa

21724
0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Sources: BPS of NTB Province, 2013

While, besides to the number data of poor population in the NTB province in
2012 (figure 7) show that East Lombok District has the highest number of poor
population i.e. 227859 people and West Sumbawa is District with the lowest number of

poor population i.e. 21724 or 19.88 percent from totally number of population. To
determine of income disparity can be show based to Klassen Typology analysis (figure 6)
3. The pattern of economic development across regions
Figure 8: Economic Typology of NTB Province (Klassen typology)

West Sumbawa

Based the result of Klassen Typology analysis of economy region of NTB Province
(figure 8) show that five to five of the nine district/city has the same income category
with economic region characteristic is fast growing area, namely Mataram City,
Sumbawa, Dompu, East Lombok and Center Lombok District. While, the West Sumbawa
District has economic characteristic is Developed area but pressured. To see more
income disparity an analysis using Williamson index
From the result of Williamson index analysis (figure 9 ), show that to nine district
has the Williamson index value generally of under 0,4 (WI < 0,4). The means, Income
disparity across region of NTB Province is low (low inequality)

Figure 9: Williamson Index

0.16
0.14
0.12

0.13

0.14

0.10

0.11

0.11

2011

2012

0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
2009

2010