Referencing Guide

This is a short guide on how to reference, that is, how to place in-text citations (inside
your essay) and references (at the end of your essay on the references page) for a few types of
publications using APA 6th edition citation style.
NB: The sources listed in this guide are fictional. They have been used only for
instructional purposes. When writing a real academic paper, avoid giving fake or nonexistent sources since doing so is an egregious academic crime.

Book with One Author

In-text
According to Guthrie (2002), cryptographic algorithms are
Or
Cryptographic algorithms are ..(Guthrie, 2002).
References Page
Guthrie, M. K. (2002). Cryptographic algorithms: Limitations and possible enhancements.
Sebastopol, CA: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.

Book with Two Authors

In-text
According to McManus and Nakamura (2001), health care systems
Or
Health care systems (McManus & Nakamura, 2001).
References Page
McManus, J. D., & Nakamura, K. (2001). Achieving universal health care. London, England:
McMillan Publishers.

Book with Three Authors

In-text
First Time You Cite in Your Essay
According to Borland, Williams and Forrester (2004), white Gaussian noise in optical
communication .
Or
White Gaussian noise in optical communication (Borland, Williams, & Forrester,
2004).
Subsequent Citations
Borland et al. (2004) further noted that optical fibers are
Or
Optical fibers are (Borland et al., 2004).
References Page

Borland, C. T., Williams, V., & Forrester, R. (2004). Signal propagation in channels affected by
white Gaussian noise. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Website
In-text
In-text citations should take the same form as those of books. Therefore, see the different
sections for a book with one author, two authors and so on.
References Page
Levin, J. (2010). Engaging examples. Retrieved from http://www.example.com

Journal Article
In-text
Citations should take the same form as those of books.
References Page
General (Just a General Journal Reference)
Surname1, K. N., Surname2, P., & Surname3, M. N. (Year of Publication). Title of journal.
Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), Pages.
Example
Fukushima, J. L., Nakamura, P., & Suzuki, N. (1999). Demystifying global warming. Journal of
Natural Sciences, 5(2), 23-24.
NB: It is the name of the journal (and not the title) and the volume number that are italicized
here.
NB: If the source has no year of publication, use n.d. (meaning no date) instead, for
example, (Guthrie, n.d.).

All References Put Together (How Reference Page Should Be)

Should start on a fresh page
Should have the word References center-aligned at the top
Should use hanging indents
References should be arranged in ascending alphabetical order.
See next page for an example of a References page consisting of all the example sources used in
this guide.

References
Borland, C. T., Williams, V., & Forrester, R. (2004). Signal propagation in channels affected by
white Gaussian noise. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Fukushima, J. L., Nakamura, P., & Suzuki, N. (1999). Demystifying global warming. Journal of
Natural Sciences, 5(2), 23-24.

Guthrie, M. K. (2002). Cryptographic algorithms: Limitations and possible enhancements.

Sebastopol, CA: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
Levin, J. (2010). Engaging examples. Retrieved from http://www.example.com
McManus, J. D., & Nakamura, K. (2001). Achieving universal health care. London, England:
McMillan Publishers.