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Maungaturoto Matters Issue 99 February 2010 Part 2
Maungaturoto Matters Issue 99 February 2010 Part 2
Electromagnetic fields, Ecology changed magnetic field it would seem there exists
the potential for very far ranging effects among ma-
and Economics rine organisms in general as this enzyme will also
exist in other species.
Few people understand the importance of electro-
magnetic fields in nature. At school we all learnt
Finally, for sessile organisms or nearly immobile or-
from watching iron filings changing their position
ganisms in a marine environment (e.g. oysters, cor-
when the switch is turned on that a magnetic field
als, sea anemones and barnacles) sexual reproduc-
occurs around a wire carrying a current. Some of us
tion can be a problem. Some solve the problem by
managed to come to terms with the generation of
having very long penises (e.g. barnacles) but for
electricity resulting from a turning metal object in a
many others the synchronization of reproduction by
magnetic field. This is why we have turbines in hy-
moon or tide is critical. The progeny from these or-
dro electric power stations, wind turbines and now
ganisms become part of the zooplankton for their
tidal turbines. So it is irrefutable that once you talk
early life stages and the zooplankton feeds every-
about electricity you are talking about magnetic
thing from juvenile snapper to whales. Past research
fields.
has shown that these rhythms may be upset by local
electromagnetic events.
Most biological research in this area has been cen-
tred on fish and bird migrations. They are able to
I would like the people of Kaipara to consider the lo-
detect minute differences in the earth’s magnetic
cal economics of the proposed tidal turbine develop-
field and use these differences to navigate. For ex-
ment at the entrance to the Kaipara Harbour A re-
ample, salmon use the earth’s magnetic field to mi-
turn of about $600 million per annum from the tidal
grate to the right harbour or estuary mouth and then
turbines based on current power prices is probable if
they use chemical cues to find the exact river they
they fuel the equivalent of 250 000 homes. Although
were spawned in.
this is calculated on retail rates it is a good return as
Crest’s investment is only $600 million over 10 years
Research has shown that if magnets are placed in and they want resource consent for 35 years. Not
Fyke nets 70% to 90% more salmon enter the nets one of their shareholders lives in Northland, some
than nets without magnets. Magnetic material has live overseas and the shareholding had a very limited
been found in the bodies of a number of migrating number of subscribers. I would like to ask the En-
fish species, thus local changes in magnetic fields vironment Court and the New Zealand Govern-
could confuse migrating snapper. Godwits use a ment if the destruction of the Kaipara harbour fishery,
combination of visual and magnetic cues for their in- the West Coast snapper fishery and possibly all ma-
credible migration from Siberia to New Zealand. This rine life in the area is worth it. There are rumours in
may become a relevant fact if we are considering marine research circles that a significant proportion
using our coastlines for wind turbines. How much of East Coast snapper use the Kaipara at some time
are we willing to sacrifice to our power entrepreneurs in their lifetime as well. What will become of North-
and our own greed for power? land’s tourism and fishing industry?
Invertebrates also use magnetic cues for migra- Finally, reproductive effects can be difficult to detect
tion. Northern Hemisphere lobsters will navigate us- in trials as most researchers are inclined to dismiss
ing magnetic cues when 12 to 37 Km from unfamiliar these effects as a consequence of a bad season. A
locations. New Zealand crayfish have one of the short term trial of 3 years (the time it takes snapper
most amazing migrations in the world; they walk all to become reproductive if reared in the Kaipara)
the way from Northland and everywhere in between could miss everything.
to Fiordland to reproduce. Local fishermen say they
regularly see them walk across the entrance to the
- Colleen Jamieson
Kaipara Harbour. Would changes in the magnetic
field associated with the tidal turbines at the entrance
to the Kaipara Harbour affect our crayfish migration?
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