LGEC002

Door Lock System Using RF

Introduction:
This project is being designed to bring the RF technology (range limited
wireless communication) in use that is widely used wireless
communication system. It is used in different applications in different
forms like security systems, attendance system, wireless control unit etc.
In this system we are using this technology to make a wireless remote
through which we can control the door in a definite range without
touching the door .the authenticated user who knows the password will
have to send a particular sequence of code (password) from remote end,
as soon as the code matches the door will be opened for a definite time
interval and will be closed automatically.

Pictorial Representation:

www.Labsguru.com

Block Diagram:
Transmitter remote:

POWER
SUPPLY

SWITCH

ANTENNA

ENCODER
HT12E

RF- TX

Device:
POWER SUPPLY
& REGULATOR

DISPLAY
UNIT

ANTENNA
A

RF-RX

DECODER
HT12D

MICROCONTROLLER

www.Labsguru.com

MOTOR

MOTOR
DRIVER

Block in brief:
Input Section:
1.
2.

Remote keypad: The key matrix using switches.

RF transmitter Interface: RF based wireless communication
scheme.

3.

Encoder: Consists of HT12E encoder IC that 4 bit parallel data

of the switch matrix into serial data.

4.

RF transmitter 434 MHz:

Modulates the serial data and
transmit it over carrier frequency of 434 MHz.

5.

Antenna: This is simple wire which will transmit the data

through it and receive the data at receiver end.

6.

RF receiver 434 MHz: Receive the modulated serial data.

7.

Decoder: Consists of HT12D decoder IC that converts the

serial data it 4- bit parallel data same as at the transmitter end.

Processing Section:
Microcontroller: Programmed by the user to monitor the input
and generate proper output for the output unit. In general this is the
brain of the system.

Output Section:

Motor Driver: IC L293D will be used which can drive the motor for
change of direction as well as provide proper voltage and current.
Motor: CD tray installed with motor as door prototype.

16x2 LCD: Used as display device for required data.

Description:
www.Labsguru.com

There are two sections of this system; one is transmitter end and other
one is receiver end. At transmitter end there is an encoder IC which
encodes the 4 bit data and transmits it with a wireless device working at
315/434 MHz. At the receiver end RF receiver receives the data with
antenna and feeds these data to the decoder IC. The decoder IC decodes
the data in 4 bit mode and microcontroller checks the data sequence with
these 4 bits. Display unit is an LCD of 16x2 sizes. It is used for proper
user interaction. If the sequence entered is correct the door opens for the
person to enter for a while and then automatically closes.

Hardware Components:

HT12E encoder IC
4- Switches

RF transmitter

RF receiver

AT89S8253 microcontroller

Motor Driver (L293D)

Motors For door lock

Liquid Crystal Display

Power supply block

4-Switches: This is simple micro-switches interface with

the encoder unit.

HT12E
Encoder:
HT12E is
an encoder
12
integrated circuit of 2 series of encoders. They
are paired with 212 series of decoders for use in
remote control system applications. It is mainly
used in interfacing RF and infrared circuits. The
chosen pair of encoder/decoder should have same
number of addresses and data format . Simply put,
www.Labsguru.com

HT12E converts the parallel inputs into serial output. It encodes the 12
bit parallel data into serial for transmission through an RF transmitter.
These 12 bits are divided into 8 address bits and 4 data bits.HT12E has
a transmission enable pin which is active low. When a trigger signal is
received on TE pin, the programmed addresses/data are transmitted
together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared transmission
medium. HT12E begins a 4-word transmission cycle upon receipt of a
transmission enable. This cycle is repeated as long as TE is kept low.
As soon as TE returns to high, the encoder output completes its final
cycle and then stops.

HT12D
decoder:
HT12D is
a decoder integrated circuit that
belongs to 212 series of decoders. This
series of decoders are mainly used for
remote control system applications,
like burglar alarm, car door controller,
security system etc. It is mainly
provided to interface RF and infrared
circuits. They
are
paired
with
12
2 series of encoders. The chosen pair
of encoder/decoder should have same
number of addresses and data format.
In simple terms, HT12D converts the
serial input into parallel outputs. It
decodes the serial addresses and data
received by, say, an RF receiver, into
parallel data and sends them to output data pins. The serial input data
is compared with the local addresses three times continuously. The
input data code is decoded when no error or unmatched codes are
found. A valid transmission in indicated by a high signal at VT pin.
HT12D is capable of decoding 12 bits, of which 8 are address bits and
4 are data bits. The data on 4 bit latch type output pins remain
unchanged until new is received.

Microcontroller Details: This unit is the brain of the system. This is

responsible for the full control of the system. The microcontroller used
here is a common 8 bit Atmel microcontroller AT89s8253.It is a lowpower, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with12K bytes of
In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash program memory and 2K bytes of
EEPROM data memory. It has 32 programmable input output lines.
Features:
www.Labsguru.com

 12K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Program

Memory
SPI Serial Interface for Program Downloading
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
2K Bytes EEPROM Data Memory
Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles
2.7V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz (in x1 and x2 Modes)
Three-level Program Memory Lock
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Nine Interrupt Sources
Enhanced UART Serial Port with
Framing Error
Detection and
Automatic Address Recognition
Enhanced SPI (Double Write/Read
Buffered) Serial Interface

Programmable Watchdog Timer

RF
transmitter
&receiver:
This RF
module comprises of an RF Transmitter and
an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx)
pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz. An RF
transmitter receives serial data and transmits it
wirelessly through RF through its antenna
connected at pin4. The transmission occurs at the
rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver
operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter.
Motor Driver: Used to drive the DC motors as directed by the
microcontroller. This is the OUTPUT block. Here we used L293D to drive the motors
.whatever signals it receives from the microcontroller on the basis of that it will drive the
motors.
An H-bridge is an electronic circuit which enables a voltage to be applied across a load in
either direction. These circuits are often used in robotics and other applications to allow DC
motors to run forwards and backwards. H-bridges are available as integrated circuits, or can
be built from discrete components.
www.Labsguru.com

 MOTOR: For the door prototype we will be

using a CD tray installed with DC motor. The
control of this motor will show opening and
closing of door. A direct current (DC) motor is
a fairly simple electric motor that uses
electricity and a magnetic field to produce torque, which turns the motor.
At its most simple, a DC motor requires two magnets of opposite polarity
and an electric coil, which acts as an electromagnet. The repellent and
attractive electromagnetic forces of the magnets provide the torque that
causes the DC motor to turn.

Liquid Crystal Display: This is 16x2 B/W LCD for the display of the data.

Power Supply Block: The power supply consists of a step down

transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is
converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a
capacitive filter and it is then regulated to +5V using
a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the
operation of the microcontroller and other
components.
Note: Remote unit is DC battery powered.

Software Components:
This unit consists of the
programming unit that is
the compiler used.
The MIKRO
C
for
8051
Compiler is a powerful featurerich development tool for Atmel's
8051 microcontrollers. It is
designed to provide the user with
the easiest possible solution for
developing
applications
for
www.Labsguru.com

embedded systems without compromising on performance. Its highly advanced integrated

development environment (IDE), broad set of library routines, ready-to-run and
comprehensive documentation should be more than enough to get anyone off to a great start
when developing 8051 applications.
Advantages
It is user-friendly.
Safer to use.
Reduces the time of switching due to automation.
Requires least maintenance
Applications:
Hardware Automation
Wireless range control system on RF channel

www.Labsguru.com