Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Watch Makers Tables
Watch Makers Tables
ABLES.
SUBCRIPTION PREMIUM
E
am
AMERICAN JEWELER
:*>%
WATCH MAKERS
TABLES
A
collection of
teeth of wheels
and
and pinions;
clocks; lengths of
in missing wheels,
number
of teeth
etc.
>]
PUBLISHERS,
,SO,
T5s<5
A6
By
Copyright, IM'
Hazlitt & Walker.
OCT 3
1914
CI.A380687
NOTICE.
So many readers
of the
in
its
columns, that
we have
reprinted
the most
it
in a
columns.
its
It is
hoped that
this little
work
shall
prove
reprinting in
It will
form.
as
THE
BY
SIZES
SHOUFFELBERGERTRANSLATED BY THEO.
F.
GRIBI.
less exact,
were
all
that
in
Before
d'horologerie in 1879.
or
The
to the wo-rld.
was published
we
that,
Suisse
approximations, more
possessed.
It
was, of course,
other,
from
in
many
much
its
addendum,
in
order to avoid as
This task
the
But the
ally
who
is
to solve
occurring in watches.
required
it.
THE TABLES.
made according
i.
e.,
one-third of their
is
epicycloidal, generated
by a
The
sides of the
tween them.
of the pinion.
The
semi-circles.
For the
dial wheels,
little
radii.
pinions are
made according
little
practice
and attention
in the tables,
may
it
make changes
Thus, a pinion whose
will be easy to
require.
trifle
etc.
Some watchmakers, basing their opinion on an observation made by Camus, and reproduced by M. Saunier in his
"Treatise on Modern Horology," page 1099, want their
pinions a
little
size
as
be generally a
the ideal size
First
is
possible.
am
These pinions
nevertheless,
will,
little
would
Pinions,
ordinarily too
it
be,
such as
full,
i.
e.,
we more
ought
to be,
Second
These
a semi-circle.
Third
ters
which
corresponding
ought to be.
itive circle,
than
it
Table
I,
which
is
as,
aris-
in
some
errors
As
made appar-
and
its
diameter
is
The cannon
2.48 millimeters.
cannon pinion,
Looking
in table
VIII
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
it
is
In this connection
it
is
im-
to be replaced
and
if
Tables II to
In the same
may
I,
multiplying every
columns
way
and
the diameters of
be observed that
measurement
is
employed
it
is
in the
adopted
Nor
decimally divided.
by douziemes precluded,
is
for, in the
IO
first and 400 douziBut the use of the tables is certainly more convenient in the employment of a decimal
emes
in
system.
HOW
To Mr.
WATCH WORK.
(Switzerland)
is
which they gear. Behim there existed only the tables of Mr. Dauphin 2 and
those of Mr. Ch. Ed. Jacot 3 obtained by the graphic method,
and insufficiently accurate.
eter relative to that of pinions into
fore
thus,
past, at the
it
served
me
ing them.
(1)
(4)
(5)
Revue Chronometrique,
1875.
WATCH MAKERS
Plate
TABLES
1.
II
12
Let
Let
Let
i.
circle.
Let a
Let
= G S = the
A = the
moment when
moved
tact
in conlets
go
Let
M = G+T = the
angle
over which
the
wheel has
Let
T = the
we
pitch.
circle,
Thus,
relation
A = rM-tGfrt
G A S,
we
S=i8o A G;
or
S=i8o
(G
+ T) G
(a)
The
quantities
Sin.
s
(b)
g
T, g and s figuring in equations (a) and
It is therefore only necessary to find, by
r,
and we
WATCHMAKERS
angle S
we
that
itself
It is to
TABLES
is its
it
equation (b).
For example,
pinion of
6,
let
we have
r=
16
g==
s = 17
1
360
T-
4x48
and equation (a) becomes:
i8o-i6 (G
S
and equation (b)
52' 30"
+ i,
30")
52',
-G,
= i7
way
that
Sin. Suppl.
We
know
in a general
when
is
it
is
that
G.
sin.
a pinion,
less
which
is
greater than
little
when
the pinion
now we suppose
the value of
G=
(a) gives:
= 87
Suppl. S
to
trials
and we obtain
Suppl.
(a)
19',
= 89,
Suppl. Sin. S
After a few
40"
we
is
give to
= 87,
38', 35".
is',
the value of 3
48.341",
or,
22',
6.373"
= 9 2,
44',
n.659".
(b)
Suppl. S
The
difference
cases,
it
closely.
is
= 87
is
= 92,
44',
H-7"
14
in this case:
And
83
as
Sin. G.
A.
Sin.
we nave
Sin. 3
22',
6.373"
Sin. 83
53', 41.968"
whence
a
16.9228,
= a r = 0.9228.
If
we
we have
wheel
a
= 8.4614
2
and
addendum
= 0.4614.
for the
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
15
General Table of the Sizes and Relations of Wheels and Pinions Most Used
~i f.
il
11
PRIMITIVE
OP PINION =1.
DIAMETER
OP WHEEL=1.
Height
of
Total Diameter
of
Total Diameter
Of
Adenda. Wheel.,
Pinion.
of
Wheel
WHEN CENTER
Pinion.
The Pinions,
11
II
II
2*
DISTANCED.
Total Diameter
of
Of
Wheel
of
in
if
"3
Pinion.
Watches -Table I
II
i
.,
42
XIV
0.2583
6.5167
2.1795
1.0861
0.3833
1.6292
0.5449
2.9900
28 43 26
10
120
108
96
90
84
80
72
60
XII
0.3042
0.3032
0.3019
0.3012
0.3003
0.2997
0.2983
0.2955
0.2915
0.2853
20.6085
18.6064
16.6039
15.6025
14.6006
13.9327
12.5968
10.5909
8.5829
6.5706
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
1.0304
1.0337
1.0377
1.0402
1.0429
1.0450
1.0497
1.0591
1.0729
1.0951
0.1105
0.1227
0.1381
0.1473
0.1578
0.1657
0.1841
0.2209
0.2762
0.3682
1.8735
1.8606
1.8449
1.8356
1.8251
1.8173
1.7795
1.7652
1.7165
1.6426
0.2009
0.2209
0.2455
0.2599
0.2762
0.2882
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
0.3682
0.4419
0.5524
9.3276
8.4215
7.5151
7.0619
6.6084
6.3061
5.7014
4.7936
3.8847
2.9739
0.3407
0.3396
0.3383
0.3377
0.3374
0.3366
0.3353
0.3344
9.3314
0.3271
0.3206
20.6815
18.6792
16.6765
15.8754
15.6749
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
2.2094
1.0341
1.0377
1.0423
1.0444
1.0450
1.0481
1.0524
1.0557
1.0663
1.0818
1.1063
0.1105
0.1227
0.1381
0.1454
0.1473
0.1578
0.1728
0.1841
0.2209
0.2762
0.3682
1.8801
1.8679
1.8530
1.8160
1.8441
1.8341
1.8204
1.8098
1.7771
1.7309
1.6603
0.2009
0.2209
0.2455
0.2569
0.2599
0.2762
0.2986
0.3156
0.3682
0.4419
0.5524
9.3607
8.4545
7.5480
7.1854
7.0947
6.6412
6.0970
5.7341
4.8261
3.9170
3.0059
0.3906
0.3894
0.3880
0.3872
0.3864
0.3839
0.3809
0.3762
20.7812 2.2618
18.7789 2.2618
16.7761 2.2618
15.7744 2.2618
14.7727 2.2618
12.7678 2.2618
10.7618 2.2618
8.7525 2.2618
1.0391
1.0433
1.0485
1.0616
1.0552
1.0640
1.0762
1.0941
0.1139
0.1257
0.1414
0.1508
0.1616
0.1885
0.2262
0.2827
1.8892
1.8779
1.8640
1.8558
1.8466
1.8240
1.7936
1.7505
0.2056
0.2262
0.2513
0.4524
9.1879
8.3027
7.4172
6.9743
6.5314
5.6450
4.7581
3.8697
0.4234
0.4222
0.4208
0.4190
20.8468
18.8445
16.8416
14.8379
2.2992
2.2992
2.2992
2.2992
1.0423
1.0469
1.0526
1.0599
0.1150
0.1277
0.1437
0.1642
1.8952
1.8844
1.8713
1.8547
0.2090
0.2299
0.2555
0.2874
9.0670
8.1961
7.3250
6.4535
11 30 29
11 38 53
11 49 14
0.4652
0.4641
0.4629
0.4614
0.4605
0.4596
0.4573
0.4538
22.9304 2.3491
20.9283 2.3491
18.9258 2.3491
16.9229 2.3491
1.0423
1.0464
1.0514
1.0577
1.0614
1.0657
1.0762
1.0808
0.1068
0.1175
0.1305
0.1468
0.1566
0.1678
0.1958
0.2349
1.9109
1.9026
1.8926
1.8803
0.1958
0.2136
0.2349
0.2610
0.2764
0.2936
0.3356
0.3915
9.7615
8.9092
8.0567
7.2041
6.7776
6.3512
5.4977
4.6434
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
8
7.50
7
6.66
6
5
4
3
48
36
10
100
90
80
8
7.60
7.50
7
6.40
6
5
4
3
'
"
"
"
78
75
70
64
60
50
40
30
vni
70
63
66
49
vn
66
60
54
48
VI
7.50
41
42
36
9
8
7.50
7
6
6
4
to
9
8
7
II
10
8
5
30
"
14.6731
13.4707
12.6689
10.6627
8.6543
6.6412
15.9211
14.9192
12.9145
10.9077
2.3401
2.3491
2.3491
2.3491
L8731
1.8649
1.8449
1,8179
0.2661
0.2827
0.3231
0.3762
50 43
42 53
33 14
27 30
21
3
16 15
5
9
31 43 35
31 12 37
..
80
72
64
60
56
48
40
32
10
03156
56 14
1
1
1
1
1
1
4 17
14 13
18 53
20 6
26 46
36 2
43 9
2 5 21
2 37 16
3 27 2
6
7
7
7
7
59
7 23
17 36
23 40
30 32
7 47 22
8 10 15
8 48 7
12
Etc.
8 9
19
37 15
44 15
52 42
3 9
9 20
16 21
33 34
56 5?
30 24 23
35
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
33
33
32
3 46
35 43
45 47.
41 7
39 54
33 14
10 17
25 43
12
12
12
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
55
37 52 37
37 42 24
37 36 20
37 29 28
37 12 38
36 49 45
36 11 53
15
15
15
15
15
i5
(5
15
39 55 14
39 46 50
39 36 29
39 23 24
17
17
17
17
42 22 45
42 15 45
42 7 18
41 56 51
41 50 40
41 43 39
41 26 26
41 3 3
20
16 51
38
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
12
54 39
22 44
32 58
23 58
36
36
36
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
8
8
8
8
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
51 26
51 26
51 26
51 26
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
)riven.
Width
The Thickness
4
4
4
48
40
32
vra
3
3
3
42
XIV
36
30
XII
XII
of the
0.2838
0.3232
0.3795
8.5829
8.6543
8.7525
2.5677
2.6465
2.7589
1.0729
1.0818
1.0941
0.3210
0.3308
0.3449
0.2516
0.2805
0.3193
6.5167
6.5706
6.6412
2.5032
2.5610
2.6386
1.0861
1.0951
1.1069
0.4172
0.4268
0.4398
The Thickness
1.6292
1.6426
1.6603
0.6258
0.6403
0.6596
2.6033
2.5656
2.5170
1.0729
1.0818
1.0941
0.3106
0.3189
0.3307
0.2051
0.2397
0.2725
6.5167 2.4102
6.5706 2.4794
6.6412 2.5451
1.0861
1.0951
1.0069
0.4017
0.4132
0.4242
1.6292
1.6426
1.6603
VIII
42
36
30
XIV
3.3437
3.2701
3.1724
9.5829 2.4847
8.6543 2.5514
8.7525 2.6456
XII
32
Leaves
0.5135
0.5293
0.5518
0.2424
0.2757
0.3228
48
40
of the
1.7165
1.7309
1.7505
Pinions equal f
1.7165 0.4969
1.7309 0.5103
1.7505 0.5291
4
4
XII
of the
Tooth.
of
9 27 33
10 11 20
3 56
15
18
3 45
4 30
22 30
5 38
11 12 21
11 55
6
12 51
4 17
12 50 15
18
11 11
15
their Pi ch.
3.4543
3.3919
3.3083
5
6
Pitch.
340
8 39 17
9 18 19
10 11 20
12
14 24
18
0.6026
0.6198
0.6363
2.7038
10 16
2.6501
2.6094
10 54 16
10 17
12
11 43 27
14 24
16 33
7 30
9
11
15
8 34
10
12
i6
Table
Wheels
of
TOTAL
1
Q
DIAMETERS.
-S3
80 Teeth. Pinions
1
|
to
mi
i
Oh
1
4.
0.
.1
0.02
0.19
.1
.2
.05
.07
.10
.12
.15
.17
.20
.22
.3.7
.2
.56
.74
.93
1.11
.30
.48
.67
.85
.3
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
0.25
1.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
2.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.8
.9
5.
.2
.41
.59
.78
.96
.3
.4
3.15
.34
.52
.7
0.49
.71
.52
.89
.1
.54
.56
.59
4.08
.2
.26
.45
.63
.82
.3
.8
.9
.71
.6
.8
.9
6.
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.2
.76
.79
.3
.81
.4
.6
.83
.86
.88
.7
.91
.8
.93
.96
7.04
.23
0.74
.5
5.00
.19
.37
.56
.74
.93
6.11
.30
.49
.67
.86
.7
.22
.64
.66
.69
.5
.6
.61
.1
.5
2.04
.5
3.
.4
.27
.29
.32
.34
.37
.39
.42
.44
.47
.6
.7
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
The Leaves
.9
7.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
0.98
1.01
.03
.06
.08
.10
.13
.15
.18
.20
1.23
.25
.28
.30
.33
.35
.37
.40
.42
.45
1.47
.50
.52
.55
.57
.60
.62
.64
.67
.69
1.72
.74
.77
.79
.82
.84
.87
i
I
7.41
.60
.78
.97
8.15
.34
.52
.71
.89
9.08
3
Q
2
8.
.4
.5
1.96
.99
2.01
.04
.06
.09
.6
.11
.7
.14
.16
.18
2.21
.23
.26
.28
.2
.3
.8
.9
.26
.45
.64
.82
10.01
.19
.38
.56
.75
.93
9.
11.12
10.
.30
.49
.67
.86
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.1
.2
.3
.4
12.04
.5
.23
.6
.41
.7
.60
.79
.97
.8
.9
11.
13.16
.1
.34
.53
.3
.71
.4
.90
.5
.2
14.08
.6
.7
.89
.91
.27
.45
.7
.8
.9
.94
64
.9
.6
of Pinions take
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
.1
.8
of
.31
.33
.36
.38
.41
.43
2.45
.48
.50
.53
.55
.58
.60
.63
.65
.68
2.70
.72
.75
.77
.80
.82
.85
.87
.90
.92
II.
Leaves.
1S
3
Q
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
i
1
14.82
15.01
12
2.95
22.24
.1
.97
.42
.19
.38
.56
.75
.94
.2
3.00
.61
.3
.79
.98
16.12
.7
.31
.8
.02
.04
.07
.09
.12
.14
.17
.49
.68
.86
.4
.5
.6
.9
13.
.1
17.05
.2
.23
.42
.60
.79
.97
18.16
.34
.53
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
14.
3.19
.22
.24
.27
.29
.31
.34
.36
.39
.41
3.44
23.16
.35
.53
.72
.90
24.09
.27
.46
.64
.83
25.01
.20
.39
.57
.76
.94
.71
.1
.2
.46
.49
26.13
.90
19.09
.3
.51
.27
.46
.4
.50
.68
.87
.64
.6
.54
.56
.58
.83
.7
.61
20.01
.20
.38
.8
.63
.66
.5
.9
15.
3.68
.57
.75
.94
.1
.71
.2
21.12
.4
.73
.76
.78
.31
.5
.81
.49
.68
.86
.6
22.05
.9
.83
.85
.88
.90
up One-third
.3
.7
.8
of the Pitch.
.31
27.05
.24
.42
.61
.79
.98
28.16
.35
.54
.72
.91
29.09
.28
.46
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
17
Table
Wheels
i
3
3
of 75
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
3
.9
a
Teeth.Pinions
TOTAL
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
M
.9
1.
.1
2
.3
.4
J
.6
.7
.8
.9
2.
.1
.2
.3
A
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
3.
0.03
.05
.08
.10
.13
.16
.18
.21
.23
0.26
.29
.31
.34
.36
.39
.42
.44
.47
.49
0.52
.55
.57
.60
.62
,65
.68
.70
.73
.75
0.78
.1
.81
.2
.83
.86
.88
.91
.3
.4
.5
.8
.94
.96
.99
.9
1.01
.6
.7
1
4.
0.
.1
0.18
.37
.55
.74
.92
1.11
.29
.48
.66
.84
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
9.
2.03
.21
.2
.40
.58
.77
.95
.3
3.13
.7
.32
.50
.69
.87
.8
.9
.4
.5
.8
1
1.04
.07
.09
.12
.14
.17
.20
.22
.25
.27
1.30
.33
.35
.38
.40
.43
.46
.48
.51
.1
.53
1.56
.59
4.06
.24
.2
.61
.3
.43
.4
.61
.5
.79
.98
.6
.7
5.16
.8
.35
.9
.6
.64
.66
.69
.72
.74
.77
.79
1.82
.85
.87
.90
.92
.95
.98
.7
2.00
.8
.9
.03
.05
.53
.72
.90
6.09
.27
.45
.64
.82
7.01
.19
The Leaves
6.
7.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.56
.75
.93
an
.30
.48
.67
.85
9.04
.22
.40
.59
8.
.11
.2
.13
.16
.18
.7
.8
.9
9.
.1
.2
.77
.96
.3
10.14
.5
.33
.51
.70
.88
.6
11.06
2.08
.1
.3
.4
.5
.6
.4
.7
.8
.9
10.
i
I
14.75
.94
15.12
.7
.31
.41
2.34
.60
.78
.97
17.15
.33
.52
.70
.89
18.07
.26
.44
.63
.37
.39
.42
.44
.47
.50
.52
.55
.57
2.60
.6
.36
.54
.72
.7
.8
.81
.36
.55
.73
.92
.9
.83
20.10
2.86
.29
.47
.65
.84
.91
11.
.63
.65
13.09
.28
.46
.1
.89
.2
.91
.3
.65
.83
.4
.5
14.02
.20
.38
.6
.7
.94
.96
.99
3.02
.04
.07
,09
.57
of Pinions take
.8
.9
.1
.2
16.04
.23
.21
12.17
.5
12.
.24
.26
.29
.68
.70
.73
.76
.78
.4
.3
.1
.3
DIAMETERS.
.31
.49
.67
.86
.25
.43
.62
.80
.99
.2
1
s
a
1
7.38
Leaves.
TOTAL
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
"3
DIAMETERS.
of
III.
.4
.5
.6
.8
.9
13.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
22.13
.15
.17
.20
.22
.25
.28
.30
.33
.35
.31
3.38
.41
.43
.46
.48
.50
.68
.87
23.05
.24
.42
.60
.79
.97
24.16
.34
.53
.71
.90
25.08
.8
.9
.61
.7
14.
.1
.2
.3
19.18
.4
.5
.58
.76
.94
3.12
.54
.56
.59
.99
.21
.39
i
1
.51
.6
.81
21.02
.6
.7
.8
.9
15.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
up One-third of the
3.64
.26
.45
.63
.82
.67
.69
.72
.74
.77
.80
.82
.85
.87
26.00
3.90
.66
.85
.93
.95
.98
.19
.37
.56
.74
.92
27.11
.29
.48
28.03
.03
.05
.08
.21
.40
.58
.77
.95
.11
29.14
.13
.32
4.00
Pitch.
i8
Table IV.
Wheels
s
s
Q
u
a
of 70
TOTAL
a
Pu
4.
0.84
7.58
L67
15.16
.86
.88
.90
.92
.94
.96
.98
1.00
.02
1.05
.07
.09
.11
.13
.15
.17
.19
.77
.96
.1
8.15
.34
.3
.69
.71
.73
.76
.78
.80
.82
.84
.35
.54
.73
.92
16.11
.30
.49
.68
.87
0.19
.1
.38
.57
.76
.2
.4
.95
.5
1.14
.33
.52
.6
.71
.90
.9
.4
.5
.31
.6
.33
.36
,38
.40
8
.9
I.
.1
.2
.3
.7
.8
.9
2.
0.42
.8
.44
.46
.48
.50
.52
.54
.56
.59
.9
.61
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
3.
0.63
.3
.65
.67
.69
.4
.71
.5
.73
.75
.77
.79
.82
.1
.2
.6
.7
.8
.9
.3
.7
.8
5.
2.08
.1
.27
.46
.65
.84
.2
3.03
.22
.6
.41
.8
.21
.60
.79
.98
4.17
.36
.55
.74
.93
5.12
.9
.3
.4
.5
.7
.6
.23
1.25
.28
.30
.32
.34
.36
.38
.40
.42
.44
1.46
.48
.50
.53
.55
.57
.59
.7
.61
.8
.63
.65
6.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.31
,8
.50
.9
.69
.88
3s
Q
.04
.06
.08
.10
.13
.15
.17
.19
0.21
.23
.25
.27
.29
.7
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
09
0.02
.6
.2
.5
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
a
DIAMETERS.
.1
0.
of VII Leaves.
a
&-
.4
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
3
E
.3
Teeth. Pinions
7.
.1
6.06
.2
.25
.44
.63
.82
7.01
.20
.39
.3
.4
.5
.9
a
.2
.4
.53
.72
.5
.6
.91
.7
9.10
.8
.29
.48
.67
.85
.9
9.
.1
.2
10.04
.3
.23
.42
.4
.61
.6
.80
.99
.7
11.18
.9
.37
.56
.5
.8
10.
1.88
.90
.92
.94
.96
17.06
.09
2.01
.03
1
O
i
xa
*
12.
23.12
.4
2.51
.53
.55
.57
.59
.5
.61
.6
.63
.65
.68
.70
2.72
.74
.76
.78
.80
.82
.84
.86
.88
.1
.2
.3
.7
.8
.9
13.
.25
.44
.63
.1
.81
.4
18.00
.5
.6
.05
.07
2.09
.19
.38
.57
.76
.95
.2
.3
.7
.8
.9
14.
.1
.11
19.14
.1
.75
.2
.13
.15
.17
.19
.22
.24
.26
.28
.33
.52
.2
.71
.4
.90
.5
94
.3
12.13
.32
.4
.51
.6
.70
.89
.7
13.08
.9
.27
.46
.65
.83
14.02
.21
.40
.59
.78
.97
.5
.8
11.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.32
.34
.36
.38
.40
.42
.45
.47
.49
.3
20.09
.6
.28
.47
.66
.85
.7
2.30
.8
.9
15.
21.04
.1
.23
.42
.60
.79
.98
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
22.17
.7
.36
.55
.8
.9
.91
2.93
.95
.97
.99
3.01
.03
.05
.07
.09
.11
3.14
.16
.18
.20
.22
.24
.26
.28
.30
.32
The Leaves
of Pinion take
up One-third
of the Pitch.
22.74
.93
.31
.50
.69
.88
24.07
.26
.45
.64
.83
25.02
.21
.40
.58
.77
.96
26.15
.34
.53
.72
.91
27.10
.29
.48
.81
.86
28.05
.24
.43
.62
.81
29.00
.19
.38
.56
.75
.94
30.13
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
*9
Tabfe V.
Wheels
I
9
3
Q
of
TOTAL
s
Q
"3
CD
.9
1.
,1
,2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
2.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
3.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
0.25
.28
.30
.33
.35
.38
.40
.43
.45
.48
0.50
.53
.55
.58
.60
.63
.65
.68
.70
.73
0.75
,78
.80
.83
.85
.88
.90
.93
.95
.98
.30
.49
.68
.86
2.05
.24
.42
.4
.11
.4
.11
.66
.3
.4
.5
.13
.16
.18
.5
.6
.14
.16
.84
16.D3
.6
.7
.19
.22
.40
.59
.78
.96
.7
.8
.9
.21
.23
.1
1.26
.28
.2
.31
.3
5.
.61
.4
.5
.33
.36
.38
.6
.41
.7
.91
.1
4.10
.2
.29
.47
.66
.85
.3
.43
.46
.48
1.51
.53
.56
.58
.4
.61
.5
.63
.66
.68
.8
.9
6.
.6
.
.41
.59
.78
.96
6.15
.34
.52
.71
.90
7.08
.27
The Leaves
.7
.8
.71
.73
.39
.57
.76
.95
9.13
.32
.51
.69
.88
10.07
.25
.44
.62
8.
.1
.8
.21
.9
.1
.24
2.26
.29
.2
.31
.3
.5
.34
.36
.39
.6
.41
.7
.3
.44
.46
.49
2.51
.54
.56
.59
9.
.4
.7
.8
.9
13.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.71
.89
.5
18.08
.7
.8
.6
3.27
.29
.32
.34
.37
.39
.42
.44
.47
.49
.4
.61
.5
.30
.49
.68
.86
.6
.64
.66
.7
.69
.8
.71
20.13
.8
.9
.32
.50
.69
.88
,9
.74
.61
.5
.83
.86
.88
.3
.4
.6
.91
14.17
.6
.7
.94
.96
.99
.35
.54
.73
.7
.84
.86
.89
.92
.94
.97
.99
.8
.9
.5
.07
.09
.12
.14
.17
.19
.22
.24
12.12
.2
.81
.3
.4
.2
3.02
.04
.57
.59
.62
.64
.67
.69
.72
.9
.2
.81
.52
.1
.1
10.
.1
1.76
.78
.2
17.15
.34
12.
.37
.56
.74
.93
11.00
.18
.8
.23
.42
.1
7.
14.91
15.10
.28
.47
.27
.45
.64
.83
19.01
.20
.39
.57
.76
.94
.81
.74
2.76
.79
.9
e
is
flu
.3
.80
.98
3.17
.36
.54
.73
5.03
.22
.2
.6
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
CD
CD
Xi
.83
.37
.56
.75
.93
.8
8.02
.20
.05
.08
.10
.13
.15
.18
.20
.23
.7
.08
.2
U2
"3
5
Q
.3
.1
.6
CD
.2
0.19
.5
u
CD
1
S
2.01
.04
.06
.09
0.03
.4
5
Q
DIAMETERS.
7.46
.64
.1
.3
I
Pu
cet
1.01
.03
.06
4.
0.
DIAMETERS.
u
CD
|
s
TOTAL
TOTAL
s
DIAMETERS.
13.05
.79
.98
of Pinion take
11.
.5
.8
.9
.9
14.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
15.
.1
.2
3.52
.54
3.77
.79
21.06
.3
.25
.44
.62
.4
.5
.81
.7
22.00
.8
.82
.85
.87
.90
.92
.95
.97
.18
.9
4.00
up One-third
.6
of the Pitch.
1
22.37
.55
.74
.93
23.11
.30
.49
.67
.86
24.05
.23
.42
.60
.79
.98
25.16
.35
.54
.72
.91
26.10
.28
.47
.66
.84
27.03
.21
.40
.59
.77
.96
28.15
.33
.52
.71
.89
29.08
.26
.45
.64
20
Table VI*
Wheels
1
i
i
of 60
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
3
a
19
.1
0.03
0.19
.1
.2
.05
.08
.37
.56
.2
.11
.74
.4
.13
.16
.19
.93
1.11
.30
.48
.67
.5
.9
1.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
i
.9
.21
.24
0.27
.29
.32
.35
.37
.40
.43
.45
.48
.1
.2
.41
.3
.41
.60
.78
.97
3.15
.34
.53
.4
.7
.44
.46
.49
.52
.54
.57
1.60
.62
.65
.68
.70
.73
.76
.78
.51
.8
.81
.9
.6
.7
.8
.9
5.
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.71
.90
.1
.2
.56
.59
4.08
.2
.3
.61
.3
.4
.64
.67
.69
.72
.75
.77
.27
.45
.64
.83
5.01
.20
.38
.57
.75
.94
.1
5
.6
.7
.8
.8
3.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
0.80
.82
.85
.88
.90
.93
.96
.98
1.01
.04
i
s
.23
.8.6
.3
0.53
2.
TOTAL
6.
.4
.5
.6
6.12
.3
.31
.4
.84
1.86
.89
.92
.94
.97
.5
2.00
.6
.7
.02
.05
.08
.10
.50
.68
.87
7.05
.24
7.
.1
.2
.8
.9
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
.3
2.04
4.
of VIII Leaves.
1.06
.09
.12
.14
.17
.20
.22
.25
.28
.30
1.33
.36
.38
0.
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
.3
Teeth. Pinions
7.42
.61
.1
.79
.98
.2
2.13
.16
.18
.3
.21
8.17
.4
.35
.54
.72
.5
.91
.8
.24
.26
.29
.32
.34
.37
2.39
.42
.45
.47
.50
,53
.55
.58
9.09
.28
.46
.65
.84
10.02
8.
.6
.7
.9
9.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.21
.5
.39
.58
.6
.76
.95
.8
11.13
.32
.51
.69
.88
.7
.9
10.
.1
.2
.3
.4
12.06
.5
.25
.43
.62
.7
.81
.9
.6
.8
u
5
.61
.63
2.66
.69
.71
.74
.77
.79
.82
.85
.87
.90
1
14.85
15.03
.22
.40
.59
.77
.96
16.15
.33
.52
.70
.89
17.07
.26
.44
.63
.82
18.00
.19
.37
.56
.74
.93
19.11
.30
.49
.67
.86
12.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.41
.1
.43
3.46
.49
.2
.51
.3
.54
.57
.59
.62
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
14.
3.73
.75
.79
.3
.81
.4
.83
.86
.88
.91
.94
.96
.5
.6
.7
20.04
.8
.23
.9
2.93
.41
.95
.60
.79
.97
.1
21.16
.4
.6
.34
.53
.5
14.10
.98
3.01
.03
.06
.09
.29
.48
.7
.11
.71
.7
.8
.8
.9
.14
.17
.90
66
22.08
.9
.5
.65
.67
.70
.2
.1
.2
.3
.25
.27
.30
.33
.35
.38
.9
13.
.1
.4
3.19
.22
.8
.36
.55
.73
.92
11.
i
a.
13.18
.99
DIAMETERS.
s
i
15.
.2
.3
.6
3.99
4.02
.04
.07
.10
.12
.15
.18
.20
.23
1
22.27
.46
.64
.83
23.01
.20
.38
.57
.75
.94
24.13
.31
.50
.68
.87
25.05
.24
.42
.61
.80
.98
26.17
.35
.54
.72
.91
27.09
.28
.47
.65
.84
28.02
.21
.39
.58
.77
.95
29.14
.32
.51
1.
The Leaves
tl,
of Pinions
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
21
VT
Table
Wheels
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
1
a
TOTAL
i
.
.1
0.02
.2
.4
.04
.06
.09
.5
.11
.6
.7
.6
.7
.8
.13
.15
.17
.19
0.21
.23
.26
.28
.30
.32
.34
,36
.38
.9
1
4.
0.19
.38
.1
.57
.76
.95
1.14
.33
.52
.71
.90
.3
.4
.2
1
0.85
.88
.90
.92
2.09
.28
,1
.2
.11
.47
.66
.85
.3
.5
3.04
.6
.7
.8
.41
.23
.42
.61
0.43
.81
4.00
.1
.4
.51
.5
.53
.56
.58
.60
.62
.19
.38
.57
.75
.95
.2
.3
.45
.47
.49
.5
.13
.15
.17
.20
.22
.24
.26
1.28
.30
.32
.35
.37
.39
.6
.41
5.14
.7
.33
.52
.9
0.64
.71
.66
.68
.70
.73
.75
.77
.79
.90
6.09
.28
.47
.66
.85
7.04
.23
.42
.43
.45
.47
1.49
.52
.54
.56
.58
.60
.62
.64
.67
.69
.8
.9
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
2.
.1
.2
.6
.7
.8
.9
3.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
1
3
.8
.81
.9
.83
The Leaves
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
d
e
.94
.96
.93
1.00
.03
.05
1.07
.09
1.
TOTAL
DIAMETERS.
0.
.3
of
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
5.
.4
.9
6.
.3
.4
.8
7.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
I
7.61
.80
.99
i"
8.
.1
.2
8.18
.3
.37
.56
.75
.94
.4
9.13
.32
.51
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
9.
1
1.71
.73
.75
.77
.79
.82
.84
.86
.88
.90
1.92
.94
.96
.99
2.01
.03
.05
.07
.09
.70
.89
.1
10.08
.3
.27
.46
.65
.84
.4
11.03
.23
.42
.8
.9
10.
.61
.1
.16
.80
.99
.2
.3
12.18
.4
.37
.56
.75
.94
.5
.7
.18
.20
.22
.24
.26
.29
.8
.31
13.13
.32
.2
.5
.6
.7
.6
.9
11.
.51
.1
.70
.89
.2
14.08
.4
.27
.46
.65
.84
.5
15.03
of Pinions take
.3
.6
.7
.8
.9
.11
2.14
.33
2.35
.37
.39
.41
.43
.46
.48
.50
.52
.54
DIAMETERS.
1
15.22
12.
.41
.1
.60
.79
.98
.2
.3
.4
.5
16.17
.36
.55
.74
.93
17.12
.31
.50
.69
.88
18.07
.26
.45
.65
.84
19.03
.22
2.56
.58
22.83
23.02
.61
.21
.40
.59
.6
.63
.65
.67
.69
.7
.71
24.16
.73
.75
.35
.54
.73
.92
.8
.9
13.
2.78
.7
.80
.82
.84
.86
.88
.90
.93
.8
.95
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.9
14.
.1
.41
.2
.60
.79
.98
.3
.4
20.17
.6
.36
.55
.74
.93
.7
.8
.9
15.
21.12
.1
.31
.2
.50
.69
.88
.3
22.07
.6
.26
.45
.64
.8
up One-third
P-.
.5
.4
.5
.7
.9
.97
2.99
3.01
.03
.05
.08
.10
.12
.14
.16
.18
3.20
.78
.97
25.11
.30
.49
.68
.87
26.07
.26
.45
.64
.83
27.02
.21
.40
.59
.78
.97
28.16
.35
.54
.73
.92
.22
.25
.27
.29
29.11
.30
.31
.33
.35
.49
.68
.87
.37
.40
30.06
of the Pitch.
.25
22
Table VIII.
Dial
Wheels. Pinions
WHEELS OF
40
of
AND
X and
XII Leaves.
36 TEETH.
TOTAL DIAMETERS.
TOTAL DIAMETERS.
s
s
&
3
Q
ts
3
-a
Q)
a
2.
mi
3.29
.1
.45
.2
.61
.3
.5
.78
.94
4.11
.27
.44
.80
.76
.93
5.09
.25
.42
.58
.75
.6
.91
.7
.8
6.08
.24
.9
.41
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
3.
.1
.2
.3
.4
4.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
5.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.57
.73
.90
7.06
.23
.39
.56
.72
.88
8.05
&
1
*3
1.24
.30
3.46
.36
.43
.81
49
4.15
.55
.61
.67
.74
.80
1.86
.92
.98
.33
.50
.67
.85
.63
.98
5.02
.19
.37
.54
2.05
.71
.11
.83
6.06
.17
.23
.29
.36
.42
2.48
.54
.60
.67
.73
.79
.85
.23
.40
.58
.75
.92
7.10
.27
.44
.62
.79
.96
.91
8.14
.98
.31
3.04
3.10
.16
.48
.71
.87
.22
.29
.35
9.00
.17
9.03
.20
.41
.47
.36
.53
.69
.53
.60
.68
.21
.38
.54
The Leaves
.65
.83
.35
.52
.69
.87
10.04
.21
ts
31
*3
2 a
a
a
-*
.2
1.02
.07
.12
.17
.22
.28
.33
.38
.43
.48
1.53
.58
.63
6.
1
9.86
10.02
.3
.18
.35
.4
.51
.5
.68
.84
.2
.6
.7
.8
.9
7.
11.01
.17
.33
.50
.68
.73
.79
.3
.66
.83
.99
.4
12.16
.5
.84
.89
.94
.99
2.04
.09
.14
.19
.25
.30
.35
.40
.45
.50
2.55
.60
.65
.70
.76
.6
.8
.32
.48
.64
.81
.9
.98
.1
.2
.7
8.
13.14
a
1
10.39
3.06
,56
.73
.90
.11
11.08
.28
.25
,42
.60
.77
.94
.27
.32
.37
.42
.47
.52
4.34
12.12
3.57
.40
.46
.52
.59
.65
.29
.46
.64
.81
.98
.71
13.15
.77
.83
.90
.33
.50
.67
.35
.62
.67
.73
.78
.83
.88
.93
.98
4.03
.09
.15
.21
4.96
5.02
.08
.14
.5
.6
14.13
.7
.33
.39
.45
.52
.81
.5
.86
.6
.91
.7
.96
3.01
.8
16.10
.9
.26
.9
9.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.78
.84
.90
.97
.47
.63
.80
.96
.8
3.72
.2
.4
3*
.31
.3
CB
3
1
.1
.29
.46
.62
.78
.95
15.11
.28
.44
.61
.77
.93
of Pinions
"3
.21
.27
5.58
.64
.70
.76
.83
.89
.95
6.01
.07
.14
14.02
.19
.37
.54
.71
.89
15.06
.23
.40
.58
.75
.92
16.10
.18
.21
4.03
4.08
.13
.18
.24
.29
.34
.39
.44
.49
.54
4.59
.64
.69
.75
.80
.85
.90
.S5
.27
.44
.62
.79
.96
5.00
17.14
.05
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
23
Table IX.
Dial
32
AND
VIII
and
Leaves.
30 TEETH.
TOTAL DIAMETERS.
TOTAL DIAMETERS.
<3>
2^
3.32
.4
.49
.65
.82
.98
.1
.2
.3
.5
4.15
.6
.32
.7
.4a
.8
.65
.65
.72
.81
.1
.98
5.15
1.91
.97
.2
.31
2.04
.3
.4
.48
.85
.5
.81
.10
.16
.23
.29
.35
.42
.48
2.55
3.
.6
.98
.7
6.14
.8
.31
.9
.48
.64
4.
.1
.81
.2
.97
.3
7.14
.4
.31
.5
.8
.47
.64
.80
.97
.9
8.14
.6
.7
.4
.30
.47
.63
.80
.97
.5
9.13
.6
.30
.48
.63
.80
5.
.1
.2
.3
.7
.8
.9
09
I
u
2
a .1
2
.61
.67
.74
.80
.86
.93
3.50
.11
.85
.16
.22
.27
.32
.38
.43
.48
.53
1.59
.64
.69
4.03
.20
.38
.55
.73
.90
5.08
.25
.43
.60
.78
.95
6.13
.30
.48
.65
.83
7.00
.18
.35
.53
.70
.88
8.05
3.05
.12
3.18
.24
.23
.40
.58
.75
.93
.31
.37
9.10
.28
.44
.50
.56
.63
.69
.75
.45
.63
.80
.98
.99
The Leaves
1.06
.68
10.15
.33
6.
t
11.12
.29
.46
.62
.79
.95
9
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
13.12
.28
.45
2
3
.07
.12
of Pinions
.78
.54
.96
.29
.45
.62
.95
.91
12.12
5
6
7
.59
9.96
10.13
.33
.38
.43
.49
3.02
,5
.17
.22
.28
.75
.80
.86
S3
2
3
.75
2.65
.70
-<
.29
.46
.63
.79
.96
.80
.85
.90
.96
2.01
.06
2.12
OJ
"3
.61
.78
.95
14.11
.28
.44
.61
.78
3.82
.88
.94
4.01
10.50
.07
.14
.20
.26
.33
.39
.20
.38
.55
.73
.90
4.45
.52
.58
.64
.71
.77
.84
.90
.96
5.03
5.09
.15
.22
.28
.34
.41
.47
.54
,60
.66
5.73
2
3
.61
5
6
7
.77
.94
6.04
18.10
.17
.24
.30
8
9
.27
.44
U
O
.94
15.11
.27
.44
-3
H
1.27
.34
.40
.46
.53
.59
.78
.85
.9
13
to
S 3
2.
.79
.85
.92
.98
.11
.68
.85
11.03
12.08
.25
.43
.60
.78
.95
13.13
.2
"S *
3.17
.23
.28
.33
.39
.44
.49
.55
.60
.65
3.70
.76
.81
.86
.92
.97
.30
.48
.65
.83
4.02
14.00
.18
4.23
.35
.53
.70
.88
15.05
.23
.40
.58
.75
.93
16.10
.28
.45
.63
.80
.98
17.15
.33
.07
.13
.18
.29
.34
.39
.44
.50
.55
.60
.66
.71
4.76
.82
.87
.92
.97
5.03
.08
.13
.19
.24
24
T.
HIGGINBOTHAM.
in
of variation.
The row
is
The
for the
of figures,
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
25
but
formed.
'
26
T ABLE
r ii-ires
::22~~ed ;y a iashar
~:r.u:es;
(In
run
Hie
Dnr.it
<>l
::; line
is
e xcressedir.
routes.
in
1-
2
3
30
20
15
-"
2-30
3_
3-30! 4-
5-
1-2C
2-4:
2-
45
1-
1-15
"
2-2:
1-45
3-2:
2-3C
30
1-
2-2_
50
1-
2-24
1-10
43
1-
37
45
20
30
27
33
40
52
47
18
24
30
27
30
42
18
25
23
17
22
_:
7
7
IS
22
13
12
11
9
15
22
:s
19
<:
20
::
22
23
5
5
5
5
3
n
24
25
.7
28
29
30
5
5
TI ME
T
It
4
4
4
4
is
40
17
14
48
13
12-
2-
2-
5
5
8-
1-
12
11
::
7-
1-30
10
6-
1-
10
5-
40
30
24
20
4-
3-
22
20
15
14
13
12
11
11
95
S
7
7
7
7
6
:
38
35
32
30
28
1-20
1-9
1-30
1-17
1-
2-7
1-
53
48
44
40
37
2-
1-40
2-20
1-15
1-7
54
1-
49
45
54
50
46
45
15
22
26
24
22
14
13
13
12
11
18
22
27
20
-:
17
30
16
15
14
14
13
19
18
22
25
18
33
32
21
24
27
27
23
20
-5
16
20
19
22
:s
22
27
26
15
14
27
27
20
19
25
23
22
14
13
13
16
16
18
18
15
2i
14
12
14
27
27
16
20
10
9
9
4U3(
32-42
212-15
2-22 1-48
11
2
10
9
9
9
8
8
12
12
11
11
10
10
W ATC H
3-2
32
43
28
26
32
30
36
34
40
20
2S
32
37
35
22
25
24
21
23
22
20
19
19
18
21
i
21
20
E\V MilJUTE s.
regulate a watch
WATCHMAKERS
to run
TABLES
27
it
a close approximation.
Table
16000
TRAIN
0)
&
Table
II
18000
III
TRAIN
Variation
Variation
in 24 hours
in 24 hours
J!
to
0)
CO
10
5
3
2
2
40
20
34
40
9
4
5
46
31
20
11
10
10
2
3
4
5
6
7
CO
36
2
3
48
3
2
12
24
55
36
22
12
4
58
II
16,000 train
amount
to in 24 hours.
The balance
of an 18,000 train watch gives exactly 18,000 vibrations per hour 300 per minute. The balance
of a so-called,
tions per
hour
gives
little
16,200 vibra-
able a
28
number
of alternate vibrations
would be
24
135.
HOURS.
For the rapid regulation of watches and clocks, the following table will be found very useful, as it shows imme24 hours, based on a variation stated
and varying by quarter hours. For instance, if
the clock or watch is out seven seconds in three hours, it
diately the variation in
in seconds,
will
is
seconds
in
in
twenty-four.
one hour,
it
If
will be out
it
it
will
if
it
be out thirty-six
216 seconds
in a day.
It will
quarter hours,
it
is
Simply look in the first column, "Length of Observation," for the time which has
elapsed since the watch was last regulated, then note its
difference from the standard, one, three, six, eight or nine
seconds, and take in the proper column of seconds the number corresponding to the time which has elapsed since the
time with considerable speed.
WATCHMAKERS
last observation.
Thus,
if
TABLES
the watch
is
29
two hours and fifteen minutes since the last observation was made, it is varying 96 seconds per 24 hours.
and
it is
s <
Variation Stated
Seconds.
5 w 2
2 h
w5
3
h.
15
30
45
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
15
30
45
15
30
45
15
30
45
5
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
10
m.
15
30
45
30
30
30
30
30
30
24.0
19.2
16.0
13.7
12.0
10.7
9.6
8.7
8.0
7.4
6.9
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
48.0
38.4
32.0
27.4
24.0
21.3
19.2
17.5
16.0
14.8
13.7
12.8
12.0
11.3
10.7
10.1
9.6
9.1
8.7
8.3
8.0
7.4
6.9
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
72.0
57.6
48.0
41.1
36.0
32.0
28.8
26.2
24.0
22.2
20.6
19.2
18.0
16.9
16.0
15.2
14.4
13.7
13.1
12.5
12.0
11.1
10.3
9.6
9.0
8.5
8.0
7 6
7.2
6.9
6.5
6.3
6.0
30
1.
Pinions of
12 leaves.
Pinions of
Pinions of
10 leaves.
Pinions of
8 leaves.
Pinions of
Cl
7 leaves.
6 leaves.
-Q.S
Diameter
Diameter
Diameter
Diameter
Diameter
4-l
6^
3 +j
8
H
of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the
wheel pini'n wheel pini'n wheel Dini'n wheel pini'n wheel pini'n
120 1.8730.201
116 1.8690.207
112 1.8650.214
110 1.8630.217 1.890 0.185
108 1.8600.221 1.8880.188
106 1.8580.225 1.8860.191
104 1.8560.228 1.8840.194
100 1.8500.237 1.8800.201
96 1.8450.245 1.8750.208
92 1.8390.255 1.8700.217
90 1.836.0.260 1.8680.221
88 1.832 0.265 1.865 0.225
86 1.829 0.270 1.862 0.230
84 1.825 0.276 1.859 0.235
245
80 1.8170.288 1.853
78 1.813 0.294 1.849 0.251
261
75 1.806.0.303 11.845
72 1.8000.316 1.838 0.269
70 1.79510.323 1.834 0.276
68 1.789,0.331 1.830 0.283
340 1.825 0.291
66 1 784
349 1.820 0.299
64 1 778
62 1.7710.358 1.815 0.307
60 1 7650 368 1.810 0.316
58 1.7580.379 11.804 0.325
52 -1.734 0.414 1.784 0.356
50 1. 72610. 428 11.777 0.368
48 1.716J0.442 11.769 0.381
44 1.695:0.473 1.751 0.409
40 1.67110.510 1.731 0.442
36 1.642|0.552 1.707 0.480
32 1.610:0.603 1.677 0.526
30 1.593,0.632 1.660 0.552
28 1.57110.660 1.644 0.579
24 1.5160.729 1.600 0.645
.
1.9050.171
1. 9020. 179
1.900 0.183
1.8980.188
1.896 0.192
1.894 0.196
1.889 0.206
1.887 0.210
1.8830.219
1.8780.226
1.875 0.232
1.871 0.238
1.868 0.244
1.864 0.251
1.860 0.258
1 856 0.266
1.851 0.274
1.836 0.301
.
1.830'0.312
1.8240.323
1.8100.348
1.797 0.377
1.7740.411
1.7500.452
1.737,0.479
1.722,0.499
1.6830 560
1
1.907 0.181
1.904 0.197
204 1.9180.181
1.900
.
1.8950.209 1.9160.186
1.894'0.215 1.9130.191
1.8920.220 1.9100.196
1.889 0.227 1.9080.201
1.8850.233 1.906 0.207
l.'880!0.-24G 1.9030.214
1.87710.248 1.8990.220
1.8650.272 1.8900.243
1.8580.281 1.8890.252
1.8500.292 1.8800.261
1.836 0.315 1.8700.282
1.8210.340 1.8590.306
1.8040.372 1 845 336
1.7850.409 1.8280.371
1.7710.431 1.8180.391
1.7380.453 1.807,0.404
1.7300.512 1.7850.469
.
WATCHMAKERS
For Dials of
Onnon
TABLES
12
Minute Wheels.
Wheel.
pinion.
turn
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
Wheel. Pinion.
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
18
18
20
20
24
ft
24
24
20
24
32
24
24
30
30
25
40
40
30
40
40
24
24
36
24
30
24
30
36
48
48
45
32
35
42
42
32
30
48
36
54
40
60
48
8
7
10
10
10
6
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
14
15
6
7
8
8
10
10
10
12
14
16
15
8
10
12
10
8
10
12
8
10
10
12
10
Hour
Wheel.
pinion.
Wheel. Pinion.
1
31
turn
32
28
48
40
30
30
40
32
40
48
30
36
48
42
45
36
42
32
48
40
60
48
48
42
48
48
42
48
48
40
48
64
48
48
40
60
48
60
^ turn
turn
8
8
10
10
10
10
12
14
14
32
32
40
40
40
48
48
56
56
For Dials of
1
turn
8
8
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
14
42
48
42
48
60
50
60
60
72
8
7
8
10
10
10
10
12
Hours.
10
iV,
20
20
25
20
20
25
24
25
32
40
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
12
12
turn
28
32
32
40
50
40
50
48
45
42
turn
8
8
10
10
12
12
12
14
14
Jg turn
32
32
40
40
48
40
48
56
56
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
14
35
40
40
50
50
60
60
60
70
32
The following
diameter of a pinion
the
number
of
Teeth
OF THE
Wheel.
10
12
14
32
36
40
44
45
196
177
161
146
144
135
132
121
119
118
111
104
102
96
95
93
225
202
253
227
207
188
309
278
253
230
226
213
206
364
329
299
272
267
252
243
228
221
219
206
194
421
380
48
50
54
55
56
60
64
65
68
70
72
74
75
76
77
78
80
84
88
90
96
100
108
112
120
To
91
89
88
87
86
84
80
78
75
71
68
63
60
57
184
167
164
155
150
139
136
135
127
119
116
110
109
106
103
102
101
100
98
96
92
185
174
169
157
153
152
143
134
131
124
123
119
116
115
113
112
111
108
103
99
97
91
87
81
77
73
88
86
81
79
72
69
65
192
187
185
174
164
160
152
151
145
142
141
138
137
136
132
126
120
116
111
107
99
95
89
189
181
179
172
168
167
163
162
160
156
149
142
138
131
126
117
112
125
345
314
309
291
281
263
256
254
238
225
218
209
206
199
194
192
189
187
184
180
172
164
160
151
145
135
129
122
number of
number which
cor-
so-
wheel, divide by 1,000 and you will have the total diameter
of the pinion in millimeters.
WATCHMAKERS
For example,
TABLES
33
diameter of a pinion of
mm.
diameter.
138 by 23
is
is
is
in
Multiplying
and dividing by
76 teeth
to
138.
of the pinion.
The following
table
is
a complement of the
total
first,
and
is
Teeth
O F TH "F
1
Wheel.
32
36
40
44
45
48
50
54
55
56
60
64
65
68
70
72
74
75
76
77
78
80
84
88
90
96
100
108
112
120
10
51
57
62
44
49
54
60
39
44
48
53
54
57
59
64
65
66
70
75
76
80
82
68
69
74
76
83
84
86
90
96
98
104
105
107
110
112
113
114
116
118
125
128
133
141
152
159
166
175
61
65
67
72
73
74
79
84
85
91
92
94
97
98
100
101
102
104
108
113
116
123
126
138
145
154
84
86
87
88.
89
90
93
97
1-01
103
110
115
123
130
137
32
36
39
43
44
46
49
52
53
54
57
61
63
66
67
68
70
71
72
73
74
76
79
83
85
90
93
101
105
112
12
27
30
33
36
37
40
41
44
45
46
49
52
53
54
55
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
67
70
72
76
79
85
89
95
14
24
26
29
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
42
44
46
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
58
61
63
66
68
74
78
82
"
34
minute
in 24 hours.
Calculated by E. Gourdin.
u
Length
in
in
J-c
.-I
c
3
fc
3
3
3
s
d
19, uo)
18,000
17,900
17,800
17,7- '0
17
(.00
17,500
17,400
17,300
17,200
17,100
17,000
16,900
16,800
16,700
16,600
16,500
16,400
16,300
16,200
16,100
16,000
15,900
15,800
15,700
15,600
15,500
15,400
15,300
15,200
15,100
15.000
14,900
14,800
14,700
14,600
14,500
14,400
14,300
14,200
14,100
14,000
13,900
13,800
13.700
13,600
13,500
13,400
13,300
32.2
35.7
39.8
40.2
40.7
41.1
41.6
42.1
42.4
43.0
43.5
44.0
44.6
45.1
45.7
46.3
46.7
47.3
47.9
48.5
49.1
49.7
50.0
51.0
51.6
52.3
52.9
53.6
54.3
55.0
55.7
56.5
57.3
58.0
58.8
59.6
60.4
61.3
62.1
63.0
63.9
64-8
65-7
66.7
67-6
68-6
69-6
70-7
71-7
72-8
en
v 6
w.
|i
lie
C
>K
ri
20,00
u
3
O
24
a -^
fc
3.5
h5
8?
en
J*
3
3
g
4,
2 w-S
.20 u3
u
*
f*
13,200
13,100
13,000
12,900
12,800
12,700
12,600
12,5)0
12,400
12,300
12,200
12,ia)
12,000
11,900
11,800
11,700
11,600
11,500
11,400
11,300
11,200
11,100
11,000
10,900
10,800
10,700
10,600
10,500
10,400
11,300
10,200
10,100
10,000
9,900
9,800
9,700
9,600
9,500
9,400
9,300
9,200
9,100
9,000
8,900
8,800
8,700
8,600
8,500
S,400
8,300
33
C3
j*
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0-09
0.09
0-09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0-09
0.10
0.10
te
meteri.
73.9
75.1
76.2
77.4
78.6
79.9
81.1
82.4
83.8
85.1
86.5
88.0
89.5
91.0
92.5
94.1
95.7
97.4
99.1
100.9
102.7
104.5
106.5
108.4
110.5
112.5
114.6
116.8
119.1
111.4
123.8
126.3
128.8
131.4
134.1
136.9
139.8
142.7
145.8
148.9
152.2
155.5
159.0
162.6
166.3
170.2
173.7
178-3
182.5
187.0
fc.5
M-l
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0-13
014
0-14
0-14
0.14
0-15
0-15
0-15
0-16
0-16
046
0-17
0-17
0-17
0-18
0-18
0-18
0-19
0-19
0-19
0-20
0-20
0-21
0-21
0-22
0-22
0-23
0-23
0-24
0-24
0-25
0.25
53
J3
>A
^
3
33
cu.S
5 J?
a u
en
>X
O
8,200
8,100
8,000
7,900
7,800
7,700
7,600
7,500
7,400
7,300
7,200
7,100
7,000
6,900
6,800
6,700
6,600
6,500
6,400
6,300
6,200
6,100
6,C0O
5,900
5,800
5,700
5,600
5,500
5,400
5,300
5,200
5,100
5,000
4,900
4,800
4,700
4,600
4,500
4,400
4,300
4,200
4,100
4,000
3,950
3,900
3,850
S,800
3,750
3,700
3,650
H?2 6
<u
191.5
196.3
201.3
206.4
211.7
217.2
223.0
229.0
235.2
241.7
248.5
255.7
262.9
270.5
278.6
286.9
295.7
304.9
314.5
324.5
335.1
346.2
357.8
370.0
382.9
396.4
410.7
425.8
440.1
458.5
476.3
495.2
515.2
536.5
559.1
583.1
603.7
636.1
665.3
696.7
730.2
766.2
805.0
825.5
846.8
869.0
892.0
915.9
940.1
966.8
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.33
0.39
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.43
0.44
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.50
0.52
0.54
056
0.58
0.60
0.63
0.65
0.67
0.70
0.73
0.76
0.79
0.83
0.86
0.90
0.95
0.99
1.04
1.09
1.13
1.15
1.18
1.21
1.25
1.28
1.31
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
35
To Produce
t/1
G
.2
J5
in
24 Hours
<u
Minute.
CO
a
o
To Produce
1
-3
2 &
S
3
.2
a
a
V
>,
~aS
5 S
111
o
S3
CO^
fc
3 600
3,550
3,500
3,450
3,400
3,350
3,300
3,250
3,200
3,150
3,100
3,050
3,000
2,900
2,800
2,700
2,600
2,500
2,400
2,800
2,200
2,100
2,000
Hours
Minute.
Length
in 24
+3
0.9939
1.0221
1.33
1.0822
1.1143
1.1477
1.1828
1.2194
1.2578
1.2981
1.3403
1.3846
1.4312
1.5316
1.6429
1.7669
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.64
1.69
1.32
1.36
1.40
142
10515 146
144
1.48
1.53
1.57
1.62
1.67
1.73
175
1.80
1.86
1.93
1.99
2.13
2.28
2.46
178
1.84
190
2.04
218
19054 2.65
2.0609
2.2862
2.4349
2 6612
2,9207
3 2201
2 87
3.11
3.88
3.70
4.06
4.48
2 35
2 53
2.74
2 97
3 24
3.54
3 88
4.28
in
"
Meters.
Loss,
Lengthen by
6
3
Meters.
Gain,
Shorten byMeters.
&
1,900
1,800
1,700
1,600
1,500
1,400
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
60
50
1
3.568
0.0050
3975
00055
4.457
5.031
0.0062
5 725
6.572
7.622
8.945
10 645
12.880
15 902
20.126
26.287
35 779
0.0080
0.0091
0.0106
51521
80 502
143.115
322 008
1,288.034
3,577.871
5,152.135
12,880,337.930
00070
0124
0.0148
0.0179
0.0221
0280
0365
0.0497
0.0716
0.1119
0.1989
0.4476
1.7904
49732
7.1613
17,903 6700
0.0048
0.0053
0.0059
0.0067
0.0076
0.0087
0.0101
0.0119
0.0142
0.0171
0.0211
0.0268
0.0350
0.0476
0.0685
0.1071
0.1903
0.4282
1.7131
4.7586
6.8521
17,130.8500
.
..
'
'
36
of
Dia.
of
Body
.500
.500
.625
.625
.890
.890
1.125
1.125
.435
.530
.460
.530
.850
.500
No. 1...
RWettNo.
'.825
Stehmens
J.
Dia.
Head
'
NAME OF CHUCK
&
1.025
S.
S.
No.
No.
1.
2.
Moseley
Moseley
Moseley
Moseley
Moseley
Moseley
No. 1
No. 1 x 2
No. 2.
No. 3 Conoidal.
No. 3, 15 degree
" 4, Bench Lathe
Whitcomb No. 1
Whitcoinb No. l,pj?tft?y
Whitcomb No. U. ....
,
.650
.650
.430
.500
,500
.600
.625
.875
.375
Whitcomb No.
Whitcomb No.
Whitcomb No.
2 J5jSy
2* '"
3*
Large
Wiiitcomb No. 3 Thread
Whitcomb No.
Whitcomb No.
Triumph
......
4.
ar e
4 j^ r /a d
or Elgin. ....
.'
Mansfield
Hinkley
Stark No. 1
Stark No. 2
Stark No. 3 Watchmaker,
Stark E
Stark D
,
Pratt
& Whitney
Automatic Special
Bailou & Whitcomb.
Lapper Special
Star Special. ..
Ide Bench Lathe
Special Tool makers
.
. .
.525
.665
.320
.325
.208
.270
.270
.350
.350
.490
.168
.435
.500
.560
.355
-278
.750
.220
.270
-.,4725 .370
36 "
40 "
40 "
24 "
40 "
"
"
"
"
"
u
"
"
25
55 Met.
63
63,."
"
63
.90
i747
.587
".665
1.25
1.25
.747
.745
1.63
.250
.270
.250
.187; .165
.2205 .185
.245
.185
.300 .270
305
..355
48"
.500
.800
.800
.500
.850
.475
.475
.760
.600
.800
1.650
.590
.998
.235
.300
.550
.500
.508
.990
.200
.265
.475
.425
;.3ii
.270
.600
.500
.281
.248
.3147 .270
.495
.430
.320
.260
.500
.425
1.125 1.125
11
2.8
4.4
3.8
5.2
11
"
11
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
" *7,
"
"
"
"
15
15o
2.187
2.875
15
2.875
Eng
25
20
20
1.218
1.250
1.312
1.108
1.250
20
20o
20
"
26 Eng.
"
20
71 Met.
44 Eng.
32 "
32 "
40 "
24 "
32 "
63 Met.
40 Eng.
40 "
32 "
22>
'"
15
20
25
25o
25o
20
20o
20
15
20
25
20
12
.1.218
1.250
1.750
2.125
2.312
1.156
1.531
2.500
1.875
1.250
2.063
1.500
1.937
2.125
1.563
2.
7.
'
'
".
.
'
,fc
17,
'*
"
li
4.
"
."
2.8
2.8
4.8
6.5
i.lO.
"
"
9.
8.
5.
10.
4.
5.
8.
9.
13.
13.
17.
17.
5.
G,
5.5
3.5
4.2
4.5
6.
il
7.
m.m. 13.
"
25.
3.5
4.8
6.5
u
11
4.
'
6.
m.m. 7.
4.
3.6
4.4
"
13,
rt
6.5
6.
13.
.'
13.
"
5.
13.
7.
7.
"
10,
11
4.2
6,5
6.5
6.5
u
"
m.m.5,
."
18.
'4.7
"
6.5
6.5
9.5
2.5
2.125
14.
18.
17.
7,
7;
11
5.
5.
1.531
2'H
"
6.5
6.5
3.8
3.3
3.8
5
"
10.
14.
m.m. 13.
13.
20
20
"
"
"
4.8
"
"
"
"
"
11
10.
1.500
40
40
48
48
48
40
40
18
1.8[2
"
"
"
"
18.
11
"
11
14.
"
"
11
"
14,
11
"
10.
10.
"
2.125 m.m.lO.
2.750
1.812
25 1.250
20
1.250
Condi 1.562
Condi 1.750
15
1.844
20
2.312
20
.936
20
1,093
20
1.140
20
1,312
**
.865
"
"
20
.80
1.
1.360
2.437
1.250
Largest
Hole
Front
in
Met.
.71
.275
,300
..280
1.
.508
.500
.500
.475
.435
.500
.500
.500
62 5
1.437
1.437
1.812
1.812
2.250
2.250
3.125
3.125
1.031
1.187
20
20
20
20
26 Eng.
20 Eng.
34
32
48.
40
40
36
36
.590
1.080
1.080
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
25
25
25
25
20
20
40 Eng.
40 "
30
30
24 "
24 "
20
20 "
48 "
.865
.425
.590
.370
.380
.240
.3135
.314
.400
.400
.590
.1965
..m
Geneva
Kearney
.295
.325
.395
.435
.560
.635
.700
;810
.187
.250
.220
.285
.545
.265
.236
.255'
.3147
.435
Webster Whitcomb
.335
.335
.450
.450
.650
.650
.825
.825
.2285
.325
.260
,3255
.605
.300
.7.50
Total
Angle Length
Largest
Hole clear
less
Through
curve
"
"
'/
"
11
"
25.
4.7
12!
11.
6.
13.
5.5
6.5
11
4.8
8.
"
11.
"
25.4
22.22
6.5
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
Millimeters expressed
Inches expressed in
Millimeters and French
in Inches
37
and French
Lines.
Lines.
Equal
Equal to
Millimeters.
to
French
c
u
Equal
to
1)
in
<v
French
Millimeters
25.39954
Inches.
Lines.
11.25951
Inches.
Lines.
0.0393708
0.44329
50.79908
22.51903
2 0.0787416
0.88659
76.19862
33.77854
3 0.1181124
1.32989
4 101.59816
45.03806
4 0.1574832
1.77318
Millimeters
0.088414
2.25583
0.177628
4.51166
266441
6.76749
4 0.355255
9.02382
0.444069
11.27915
5 126.99771
56.29757
5 0.1968539
2.21648
0.532883
6 152.39725
67.55709
6 0.2362247
265978
0.621697
1353497
1579080
7 177.79679
78 81660
7 0.2755955
3.10307
0.710510
18.04663
0.799324 20.30246
9007612
8 0.3149664
3.54637
10
0.888138 22.55829
9 22859587 10133563
9 0.3543371
3 98966
11
4.43296
0.976952 2481412
1.065766 27.06995
8 203 19633
received so
many
requests for
apparatus, that
on
this
subject,
a series of articles
to
actual
facts as
who
to be
to
fit
retailers
are trying
The average
distributed
retailer
daily
38
"Can
I get it?
or must
make
got to buy?
buy
it,
order?
bought
to have,
all
cost?
What
shall
How much
I
What
do
with
do
license
The
called,
is it
need, and
it
specifically;
after
and that
is
what
have
first
is
required
when only a
which
is
little
expense.
receiving set
what we
is
No
Where do
a part of it?
answered
it
done
it?"
These are
like
will
it
is
called
is
used.
the stretch of
an antenna or
vided that they are well insulated, but height in such cases
counts for more than length of wire.
Antennae vary in
feet; these
in
made
to
Insurance
regulations
require
that
all
antennae
should
than No. 4 B.
&
S.
this switch to
The wires
enter the
watchmakers' tables
switch
is
called
the
lightning switch
Any
all
39
the time
when
the instru-
work
is
made before
correspondence.
is
much unnecessary
the certainty that
its
if
is
tenna
is
Antennae
are! of
two kinds
and umbrella.
-flat
Flat
For
and height are all of importance,
as they have considerable to do with the natural wave
antennat are arranged in a gridiron of parallel wires.
sending the
length, as
size, direction
is
it
length which
antenna.
number of
difficult to
is
The
natural
factors,
wave length
one of which
is
is
period of the
determined from a
For
for
if
given
may
length
obtained by inserting a
coil
may be
tween the antenna and tuning coil. This is called a "loading coil/' and may be purchased for a few dollars.
Antennae need not be of the same height at both ends.
Thus advantage may be taken of natural objects to cheaply
secure a greater height than would be possible with poles.
40
down
wires.
WATCHMAKERS
For
instance,
TABLES
41
pies
the
height
effective
is
that of
a point
In such cases
midway on
the
Low and
is
ice
may
be
covered
and greater heights gas pipe is better and cheaper, especially if a permanent installation is being considered.
either
downward;
joints
lings.
or
to take
down
Don't forget
this,
Top. The tube is capped with an ordinary glass telegraph insulator on a wooden peg driven in the top of the
upper length of pipe.
42
Guys
If the wall
is
brick
to be fastened at their
Guys to be run at 30 to 45
degrees from the pole, and adjusted by means of a lineman's wire stretcher, or "grip" when fastening to eye
the pole to prevent slipping.
bolts.
fect
This stretcher can be borrowed, or if not, then peradjustment can be secured by using turnbuckles in
each guy.
Pulleys.
One
top of pipe.
(One
fit
Cable.
to raise
watchmakers' tables
generally sold under the
name
It is
copper cable
is
may
wire
be used, but
elastic,
and conse-
Hence
it
is
better
43
to
is
No. 12
is
will
will
16,
or
its
down
wire, multiplied
Do
discard
it
you to
ultimately.
if
the
44
take the place of the cross wires at each end of the antenna.
guy
eyes rivetted
come, and a
from
steel pin
drilled
eral times
bolt,
in.
wire.
The wire
is
its
turns
trifle
file,
makes a good
pin.
It
should be a
so that
friction,
it
may
off,
leaving about
Insulation. If the antenna is small, so that the stretchNo. 14 galvanized steel bridle wires may be attached to the spreaders, and all run to one eye of an electrose
strain insulator
which should be at least 10-inch with the
other eye of the insulator attached to a wire cable running
through the pulley at the top of the mast, and down to a
ers are short,
watchmakers' tables
cleat or eye bolt.
45
guy wire
insulator in the
six in
at
2%-inch
ball
all.
If the antenna
is
Natural Supports.
ings or other supports
Chimneys on
may
taller
adjacent build-
In
much
Down
Wires.
to each
common
center,
all
running to a
For
receiving,
make much
will
be
down
If they
T-shaped antenna; if at
one end the antenna is said to be an L-shape. If the height
is great, these down wires add something to the effective
it is
called a
antenna.
tenna.
is
neg-
They are of the same wire as is used in the anshow herewith the style of joint which is preattaching down wires to the antenna. It will stand
We
ferred in
46
and the
joint taped.
This wire
is
and run over the roof coping, and down the outside of the
The fewer bends in the
conductor wire, the better; and they should not be at an
acute angle. To get the size of this wire get from a wire
table, or
in
each
number of
mils.
This
mils.
Then 642.6x7x6
= 26,989.
Direction. For receiving, the direction in which the anis run makes little difference.
However, care should
tenna
and
trouble
from induction,
as they
may
enough to cause
difficult to
tune out.
tele-
watchmakers' tables
47
Occasionally there
easily secure
aerial,
and while
the.
umbrella type
is
wave
In 2,500 meter
the
capacity
is
lengths, such as
important, and
in
we
are considering,
residence
districts,
or
where for other reasons one cannot pass over the property
of his neighbor, or attach anything to
is
it,
left is to
When
aerial
capacity or
its
mary
cc
x,
between the
aerial
and the
majority of cases
it
will
make no
difference which
pri-
In the
is
done.
4*
r^m
Umbrella
aerial,
watchmakers' tables
bottom, and
all
49
braces or guys
One
of these aerials
is
One thousand
ground.
purpose of aerial wire and guys for the mast. The foot of
the mast is insulated by putting about three inches of cein the bottom of an ordinary crock, and after it had
hardened turning the crock upside down on a pine post,
with a wooden cage or step for the foot of the mast to keep
It will be seen
it from sliding off the bottom of the crock.
ment
Others have been insulated by boiling pine blocks in asphaltum until they were thoroughly impregnated, and using
this asphaltum block to step the mast on. Still others have
had the mast step on a cement block which had been thoroughly dried out, and the hollow step filled with asphaltum
until
is
to secure
The
remembered
little
flat
all
be
more
of the wire at
con-
all
It will
its
It is best to
run
the wires as far into the air as possible, provided safe construction can be assured, as the upper end of the series
is
50
the lower
It will
ends are
at
the
top.
more
of them.
the time
The
lead-in wire
may
if
is
is
if
waves
at
tion, as if the
such
will
w ere made
r
still
aerial.
is
cov-
get
good
of insulated wire.
elec-
It is
We
it
lead-in wire
down
the side of
where necessary on glass or porcelain insulators, which may be the ordinary peg type glass
telegraph insulators, fastened by driving the pegs into holes
it
WATCHMAKERS
made
in the wall
by a cold
TABLES
chisel, or
it
gas pipe
drill,
clamping
the insulation.
It is
window
room
to
It
should
hundred ampere double pole, double throw lightning switch, which is demanded by the underwriters' inspection. The connection of the aerial and ground wires
come
to a
double pole switch and tying the lower jaws with a loop
of ground wire,
thus
ground.
much
This
is
switch and two grounds, one inside for the instruments and
one outside for lightning. If you cannot obtain connections
with a water pipe, the outer ground may be obtained by dig-
ging a hole
it
down
to
a metal plate to
b*
little
sa
will
in-
i
5p
kHfe
us
i=r
iri
Si
Double
pole,
WATCHMAKERS' TABLES
end,
may
S3
level
is
from 10
to 14 feet
it
Where
the building
is
nection
From
the upper jaws of the switch are taken the leadwhich run to the instruments, first passing through
the lead-in insulators which are by preference high tension
insulators, made of the same material as the strain insulators, and adapted to be placed in position through a hole
bored in the window casing or wall. They can be ordered
of any dealer in electrical supplies, and should be included
in wires
aerial.
They
are
wall bushings.
Where
at the
the window,
54
Where
the rod
is
inserted,
it
Where
is
wire
make
a weather-tight joint.
This
is
the ar-
Where
receiving only
is
done,
it
regarded as
is
sufficient
be drilled so that
obtained
is
it
event
all
its
and the
is
slant thus
rent received
when
so small that
In any
amount of cur-
is
important.
The
it
access,
except
when
will
be convenient of
The person
in
an invariable rule
to throw this switch to the ground position immediately
after receiving the time, as otherwise, if an electric storm
it
In this
lies
writers' requirements.
Now we come
involves
some considerations of a
and
this
are difficult to present clearly in a small space, so that conclusions merely will be stated here.
Jewelers
who
desire to
watchmakers' tables
55
read up on the theory of wireless telegraphy cannot do better than to send $1.50 to the United States Naval Institute,
Annapolis, Md., for a copy of the "Manual of Wireless
length,
and
in
practice
it
mission shall be of
;
ernment purposes.
Receiving instruments have a certain adjustability to enable the reception of wave lengths which are intended to be
of
either
the
prescribed dimensions,
is
To
an aerial
in meters, in the
sum by
from the middle,
the height is added to
that is, from the point
Where
so that
it
forms a T-shaped
aerial,
where the
determining the
56
wave
length.
From
this
it
will
feet to meters
divide the
two
circuits.
ductive tuner.
circuit
Case
tuning
1.
coil,
is
greater
Arlington's
3,000 meters),
it
time signals
is
if
the
natural period
were
medium
size aerial.
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
JL
B
Primary
coil
58
Case
wave
2.
length to be received,
is
it
is
less
than the
coil.
may
varying an exterior
coil
finer
as
This
more turns
shown
in figure
B.
number
proper,
coil
if this
is
one
be kept in mind,
is
it
just as
The
single one.
exterior coil
is
coil."
Case
2a.
wave length
number
cuts
on
turns
of
down
very small,
is
it
will
is
this
The necessary
introduces
coil
Figure C.
It
is
large
resistance,
and
much
when the
very
to be received, as
coil,
as
shown
is
concentrated in a single
coil,
for
turns of a
Where
4*^2
coil,
used with a
flat
the aerial
is
little less
This wire
tinuous
it
where the
is
may
coil if
better to also
aerial is longer
wave
WATCHMAKERS
(See
ceived.
in
TABLES
illustration). If,
59
however,
it
is
desired
to receive other
will
added
Even
to
may
electricity, or the
elementary fact
is
ly speaking,
a suitable
is
is
wanted, rough-
in the
itself,
the
turns
some
son
many
tirely separated
made
cases amount-
For
this rea-
to be con-
nected up as needed.
The
B.
&
importance.
Any
S. will do.
size
With
still
60
Where
will be required.
double
used.
silk
It
closely together,
silk)
should be
many
tion of
wound
they are
among
matter, especially
If the
primary
more or
less
conductive
circuit of
ing coil
The
one
is
the other
latter
is
to
is
add inductance
length and
greatest possible
form of
in the
height,
place at the
first
in
mains
is
to
a load-
your antennae.
all
that re-
form of a loading
change the wave length.
in the
coil,
where
it
or where
it
obliged to confine
to his
own
to his being
The
own
inherent conductive
capacity,
aerial's physical
"capacity to earth"
that
which
dimensions.
is,
it
is
antennae
is
is
the other.
in
turn
is
its
de-
This capac-
the capacity of a
is
If the natural
in
series.
WATCHMAKERS
When we
TABLES
6l
of the smaller, so
if
two
we add
is
always
less
As
it
is
Secondary or closed
circuit.
S,
we have drawn
denser.
diagrams of the wiring of three forms of the primary circuit by itself so that they may be contrasted clearly and
studied.
See A. B. C. The next illustration shows in the
This, like
two forming
be placed in resonance or
in
denser
wave
is
a circuit
which can
adjusted to a short
increased, the
wave
62
sets
is
increased.
In most
is
section being used for the shortest wave lengths, and more
and more sections being used as the wave length which
one desires to receive is greater and greater.
To
which
fixed condenser
across
is
of connec-
the figure.
the terminals
in series
This
detector.
is
a perfectly
Secondary or closed
denser.
circuit.
S,
shown shunted
In
across the
considerably louder signals will be obtained with the telephones across the fixed condenser, as shown in the next
illustration.
resistance each.
does
all
all
of this variation
is
watchmakers' tables
sensitive pair of 'phones of 1,000
other hand,
may have
is
63
ohms, he
will naturally
unnecessary.
B, on the
Where
The main
is
this is
ohms
resistance in
is
drawn
to the
necessity
fact that
sale to
The
absolute silence.
wire, the
right
at
angles
waves of magnetism,
coil
coil,
if
brought
in
strength
of
current
this
This
its
nearness to
first
coil.
fact
is
taken
may
This
is
accomplished by having a
The
heaviest coupling
is
is
reached
when
64
JL
Diagram
of wiring,
mary
is
into or
When
mary
The primoves
around
it,
this
is
watchmakers' tables
The process
number of turns
adjust the
is
away from
in the
65
as follows
the fixed
open
general,
it
make a fairly
Keep this
inductance.
well to
is
and
and at
circuit coil
the
Place
coil,
In
circuit.
Do
picked up.
After
signals
are received,
the coils
slide
farther
still
apart and adjust each circuit separately until both are ex-
that
is,
is
still
maximum
greater
to
that a
it
is
found.
maximum
further increase of
still
coil,
the
is
then desirable,
coils
tained.
closer
It
will
if
together,
if
This
is
is,
be sure
or condenser, as the
the signals
from the
have obtained.
until
signals
still
closer will
maximum
maximum
weaken
slide
is
ob-
is
ob-
the sig-
away
as
under these conditions interference from atmospheric electricity and from other stations is lessened.
possible, as
Too much
when
from Arlington.
are what are
means
at
Arlington
itself,
OO
it is
less
In
has been found that stations reporting inability to receive the Arlington signals could obtain per-
many
cases
it
were
sufficiently
If the coils
from
what they would be with the correct "coupling" or separation of coils, and the chances of interference from other
sources,
as
atmospheric
electricity
or
other
stations,
is
vastly greater.
It
has been found by experiments that the degree of sensitiveness depends largely on the frequency at which the received
a 900-cycle trans-
620 millionths of a
when
from a
only produce an audible sound when
is
It is
more
erate
on these
oscillations
alone
To
op-
telephone diaphragm
watchmakers' tables
would have
course,
it
to
move
cannot do.
Gy
in
The
It
allow
to proceed
it
become
in the reverse
not
will
metallic
silicon,
The
etc.
it
in
in
metallic point
which
is
By moving this point on the surface of the crysnumber of places will be found which will allow the
detector.
tal
trial,
When
the electrical
working
is
very
amount of the
The
which
circuited
68
it
is
make use
just as important to
make
It will
add somewhat
and
be pos-
If
it
desired to
is
to the complexity of
On
far superior to
and capable of
-&
The manipulation
out the secondary coil from the primary, turning the knob
of the variable condenser and changing the number of
turns in the open circuit inductance until the desired
Where used
it is
desired to
These
crystal
detectors
are
the
all
who
subject
of patents
his
watchmakers' tables
We
now come
which
making sure
69
required
is
up with dry
batteries
primary
We
coil.
we can produce
the wireless
waves and
It is
of great
detector.
point
may be
it
Many
When
may throw
through the
ments.
is
air at the
Where
time
when
a great deal of
or in territory which
is
may
be going
amateur work
is
going on,
may do very
worth while to
install it, as it then becomes a standard which gives substantially the same wave every time, and thus aids in setting the detector more readily than could be done with
waves of varying intensity which may be caught from commercial or amateur sending.
less
little
that
it
this
is
cheap.
If the spring
is
fine,
it
will
be
JO
little
at
it is
file
down
the armature.
w aves
r
will pass
It is
bet-
through the
coils,
much
ton, he will
is
have no
come
in
from Washington.
if
he
is
in
coils will
trial,
Mare
similar signal
is
->
daily
signal
is
the
same
as that
which
is
which any jeweler may hear by going to his railroad telegraph station and listening at 11:55 standard time. The
WATCHMAKERS
sound
TABLES.
JI
rather a high
is
clear note, lasting for .35 of a second for each beat, with
57th,
last,
when
there
is
silence
After a
little
With
seldom need to
watch in front
first
He
let
hit
Many
important.
many
constantly becoming
is
buy-
times repaid
more
outlay
WATCHMAKERS
TABLES
This book
away
as a
is
premium
for
is
given
one year's
subscription to
THE AMERICAN
JEWELER,
One
at
frequently
receive
more
fully
illustrated
and technically
correct.
You
need
JEWELER.
THE AMERICAN
Sample copy sent
free
on application.
Ies
V-v
PUBLISHERS,
07- SO.
UULu,
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^,1I 0L^-<
>X
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
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