Titrimetry

A common laboratory
method for chemical
quantitative analysis
where a titrant is slowly
added until an equivalence
pt is reached

Terms
a. Analyte
b. Titrant
c. Equivalence pt
d. Indicator
e. End pt
9/7/14

Types of Titration
a. Coulometric Titration: The Titrant is a Constant Direct
Electrical Current

b. Volumetric Titration: Based on volume of Titrant is used

c. Gravimetric Titration: Based on weight of Titrant used

Coulometric Titration
Au3+ + 3e

Au

Electrode

e (titrant)

Volumetric Titration
Titrant in biuret (Reagent of Known Conc
e.g. NaOH
CH3COOH + NaOH

CH3COO- + H2O

At Equivalence pt 1 mole CH3COOH: 1 mole NaOH

Indicator: Phenoplthalein
Analyte (unknown Conc)
e.g. Acetic Acid

End Point: point where color changes

From colorless to pink

Primary Reference Standard:

Standards that dont need to be
standardized

1. High Purity

2. Atmospherically Stable
3. Non Hygroscopic
4. Reasonable High Molar Mass
5. Reasonable Solubility
6. Preferably Certified by a Recognized Organization (USP, BP
and NIST)

Secondary Reference Standard :

Reagents that need to be
Standardized against a primary
reference standard

e.g. NaOH Solutions Standardized Using KHP

Concentration of Standard
Solutions
a. Molarity ( moles per liter )
b. Normality ( moles equivalents per liter)

Equivalents: Number of Reacting

Species
Depends on the Reaction Involved
For Acid/ Base Reactions: H+ and OHFor Redox Reaction: electrons

Acid/Base Titrations
(Reacting Species: H+ and OH- )
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl
1 mole

CaCl2 + 2H2O

2 mole

2 equivalents 2 equivalents
Reacting Species
OH-

+ H+

H20

Acid/Base Titrations
(Reacting Species: H+ and OH- )
a. 1mole NaOH...1 moles equivalents
b. 1mole H2SO4...2 moles equivalents
c. 1 mole H3PO4
..3 moles equivalents
d. 2 moles Ca(OH)2
..4 moles equivalents

Acid/Base Titrations
(Reacting Species: H+ and OH- )

Molarity = moles/L

Normality = equivalents/L
a. 1 molar of NaOH.....1 Normal
b. 1 molar of H2SO4....2 Normal
c.

1 molar of H3PO4...3 Normal

d. 0.25 molar of Fe(OH)3..0.75 Normal

Acid/Base Titrations
(EW = grams/mole equivalent )
a. 1mole NaOH ...1 mole equivalents
(MW = 40 g )(EW = ? )
b. 1mole H2SO4...2 moles equivalents
(MW = 98g )... (EW = ? )
c. 1 mole H3PO4..3 moles equivalents
(MW = 98 g) .(EW = ? g )

Equivalent Weight (EW)

EW = MW/n
n= mole equivalents / mole compound

Acid/Base Titrations
(EW = grams/mole equivalent )
a. 1mole NaOH ...1 mole equivalents
(MW = 40 g )(EW = ? )
b. 1mole H2SO4...2 moles equivalents
(MW = 98g )... (EW = ? )
c. 1 mole H3PO4..3 moles equivalents
(MW = 98 g) .(EW = ? g )

Problem 1

How many grams of H2SO4 is needed to

Prepare a 100 ml 0.2N H2SO4 solution?
MW H2SO4 = 98 grams/mole

9/7/14

Problem 2
How many mole equivalents H2SO4 are in 200
ml 0.1N H2SO4 solution?

9/7/14

Problem 3
Given a 200 ml 0.1N H3PO4 solution
(MW = 98 g/mole)
a. What is the molarity of the solution?
b. How many equivalents of H3PO4 are there?
c. How many grams of H3PO4 are there?

9/7/14

Problem 4

9/7/14

Normality in Redox Reactions

(Based on Electrons Transferred)

MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+

Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4 H2O

Determine the moles equivalents

of based on the above reaction
2 moles FeCl3
.. 2 moles equivalents
2 moles KMnO4
10 moles equivalents

Determine the Normality of the

Following Solutions based on the
above reaction
2M FeCl3
.. 2 N FeCl3
5M KMnO4
25 N KMnO4

Why use Normality or Molarity?

Sometimes it is more convenient
because there is no need for
stoichiometry
Ratio of Mole Equivalents is always
1:1

Problem 5
10 ml of a 0.02 M (0.1N) solution of KMnO4- is
needed to titrate a 2 grams sample containing
FeCl2 (MW = 126.8 g).
MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+
4 H2O

Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ +

a. What is the % mass of FeCl2 in your sample?

Problem 6
10 ml of a 0.02 M (0.1N) solution of KMnO4 is
needed to titrate a 20 ml solution of FeCl2 (MW
= 126.8 g).
a. What is the molarity of FeCl2 in your sample?
MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+
4 H2O

Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ +