PORTFOLIO

NAME:JOSE PATRICIO R, LAGRATA

SECTION:II ST IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA

STOICHIOMETRY

THE MOLE
WHEN YOU THAT THE MOLECULAR MASS COF CO2 IS 44 AMU
YOU ARE REFERRING TO ONE MOLECULE OF CO2. YOU
KNOW THAT THE ATOMS AND MOLECULES ARE SO
SMALL THAT IT WOULD BE A CHALLENGING TASK TO
DETERMINE HOW MANY OF THESE ARE CONTAINED AT
THE TIP OF A PENCIL.

FORMULA OR MOLECULAR MASS

FORMULA MASS OR MOLECULAR MASS IS DEFINED AS THE
MASS IN GRAMS OF A MOLE OF A SUBSTANCE. IT IS THE
SUM OF THE ATOMIC MASSES ( N AMU) IN THE
MOLECULE.ONE MOLE OF A SUBSTANCE IS EQUAL TO ITS
FORMULA MASS EXPRESSED IN GRAMS.
THE TERM FORMULA MASS IS USED FOR COMPOUNDS THAT
ARE MADE UP OF IONS AND HAVE PRIMARILY IONIC
BONDING. YOU CAN WORK OUT THE MOLECULAR
MASSES USING THE SAME PROCEDURE.

PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION FROM FORMULAS

PERCENT IS DEFINED AS PARTS PER HUNDRED.
THEN ITS EQUATION IS % OF COMPOSITION=TOTAL MASS OF
COMPONENT ELEMENT/MOLAR MASS . 100%=THE
ANSWER.

Calculation of percentage composition

The molecular mass,molar mass,and percentage composition
by mass of each element in a compound. The formula
can only be obtained after experimentally determining
the:
a.elements that comprise the compound:
b.proportion by mass of the elements in the compound;and
c.relative molecular mass of the compound.
Empirical formula
The percent composition of a compound based on
experimental data can help determine the ratio of atoms
in the compound.the simplest ratio of atoms in a
compound formsthe compounds empirical formula.
When the relatives number of moles you get is not a whole
number,multiply all the numbers by the same small
integer.the ff. steps may be used to determine the
empirical formula of a compound.
1.find the mass in grams of each element present.
2.calculate the number of moles of each atom
3.divide the number of moles of each element by the
smallest number of moles to convert the smallest
number to 1.
4.multiply the number obtained in step 3 b the smallest
integer that will convert all of them to whole
numbers.these numbers represent the subscript
Molecular mass

The molecular formula of substance is a whole number

multiple of its empirical formula.the empirical formula of
a compound may or may not be the same as its
molecular formula.
Mole relationships in a balanced equation
A balance equation shows the relative masses of
substances,both reactants and product
in a chemical
reaction.
Calculation with balanced equations
Mole to mole calculations
You have learned that the coefficients in a balanced chemical
equation can be interpreted as the relative number of
moles.each coefficient is related to the others.the
coefficients in a chemical reaction are indicative of
relationships among reactants and products in terms of
amount.

Mole to mass calculations

The gram is the most convenient unit for me measuring
quantities of reactants or products in the laboratory. In
order to convert moles to grams or grams to moles you
need the molar mass of the given compound.
Limiting reactant
There are some reactions that involve excess reactants.these
reactants are not used in mass calculation. It is therefore
important indentify the limiting reactant.which is the

reactant that is consumed first and whichl limits the

amount of products that can be formed.