1ph Energy Measurements

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Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy

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MSP430AFE
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RST
VSS
GND
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AFE
GPIO
A
B
Analog to
Digital
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XT2 IN
I1-
C
TEST
I In
I1+
V1+
V In
REAC MAX
kW
kWh
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HF crystal
V1-/
V1Vref(O)
Vref(I)
VREF
AC mains
I/O I/O
LOAD
URXD0
UTXD0
SCLK
SCLK
SOMI SIMO
UART TO PC
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F663x
VCC
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Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

Copyright 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
System Description
www.ti.com
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this TI reference design addresses authorized use, intellectual property matters and other
important disclaimers and information.
System Description
Electric meter developers often prefer to separate the energy measurement function from the host
processor functions such as ANSI/IEC data tables, DLMS/COSEM, tariff management, and
communications. This design demonstrates a method for keeping these meter functions separated by
using the MSP430AFE253 as the metrology processor and the MSP430F6638 as the host processor. The
design also demonstrates how to isolate communications between the two processors to achieve the
necessary safety requirements. Finally, this design demonstrates a method for meter calibration using the
USB interface on the F6638 MCU.
The MSP430AFE25x devices belong to the MSP430F2xx family of devices. These devices find their
application in energy measurement and have the necessary architecture to support it. The
MSP430AFE25x, mentioned as MSP430AFE from this point forward, has a powerful 12-MHz CPU with
MSP430 architecture. The analog front end (AFE) consists of up to three analog-to-digital converters
(ADC) based on a second-order sigma-delta architecture that supports differential inputs. The sigma-delta
ADCs (SD24_A) have capabilities to output 24-bit results and can be grouped together for simultaneous
sampling of voltage and currents on the same trigger. In addition, each has an integrated gain
amplifier (with gains up to 32) for amplification of low-output sensors. A 1616-bit hardware multiplier on
this chip is used to further accelerate math intensive operations required for metrology parameters. The
programmable software on the MSP430AFE supports calculation of various parameters for single phase
energy measurement with tamper detection. The key parameters calculated during energy measurements
are RMS current and voltage, active, reactive, and apparent power and energies, power factor, and
frequency.
The MSP430F663x, the host processor in this two-chip architecture, has a powerful 20-MHz CPU with an
MSP430 architecture. The MSP430F663x contains a full-speed Universal Serial Bus (USB), integrated
LCD driver with contrast control for up to 160 segments, a hardware real-time clock with battery back-up
system, multiple timers, and serial communication interfaces. With large a on-chip memory, this device is
best suited as an application processor to interface to any low-cost metrology processor such as the
MSP430AFE. The host-processor related portions of this design are isolated from the metrology-processor
related portions, thereby isolating the host processor from mains high voltage. Isolated inter-processor
communication between the metrology and host processor is made possible using the ISO7420 and
ISO7421 isolators on the SPI/UART pins.
This design guide has a complete metrology and application source code provided as a downloadable zip
file.

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Design Features
This section describes the front-end passives and other components required for the design of an energy
meter using the MSP430AFE.
2.1
Hardware Implementation
2.1.1
Power Supply
The MSP430 family of microcontrollers support a number of low-power modes in addition to low-power
consumption during active (measurement) mode when the CPU and other peripherals are active. Since an
energy meter is always interfaced to the AC mains, the DC supply required for the measuring element
(MSP430AFE) can be easily derived using an AC-to-DC conversion mechanism.
The reduced power requirements of this device family allow design of power supplies to be small,
extremely simple, and cost-effective. The power supply allows the operation of the energy meter by being
powered directly from the mains. The next sub-sections discuss the various power supply options that are
available to users to support their design.
2.1.1.1
Resistor Capacitor (RC) Power Supply
Figure 1 shows a simple capacitor power supply that supplies a regulated output voltage of 3.3 V using
the mains AC voltage of 110 to 230 V.
R23
DNP
TPS77033
0
R26
DGND_AFE
U+
IN
/EN
OUT
DVCC_PL
FB
ZD1
GND
C4
0.1u
IC3
DNP (3.3V)
0.1u
C26+
C23
10u
D10
LL103A
C25
R22
560R / 5W
2200uF
910n / 400V
ZD2
5.1V
S20K275
V1
NEUTRAL
1uH
L6
C49
LINE_A
1uH
L5
R1
LINE
DGND_AFE
CONNECT AGND and DGND
DGND_AFE
Figure 1. Simple Capacitive Power Supply for the MSP430 Energy Meter
Appropriate values of resistor R22 and capacitor C49 are chosen based on the required output currentdrive of the power supply. Voltage from mains is directly fed to a RC based circuit followed by a
rectification circuitry to provide a DC voltage for the operation of the MSP430. This DC voltage is
regulated to 3.3 V for full speed operation of the MSP430. For the circuit above, the drive provided is
approximately 25 mA. The design equations for the power supply are given in the MSP Family MixedSignal Microcontroller Application Notes (SLAA024, Section 3.8.3.2). If an additional drive is required, use
either an NPN output buffer or a transformer- or switching-based power supply.
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2.1.1.2
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Switching-Based Power Supply
When high current drive is required to drive RF transceivers, a simple capacitive power supply will not
provide enough peak-current. Therefore, a switching-based power supply is required. A separate power
supply module on the board may be used to provide 3.3-V DC from the AC mains of 110 to 230-V AC.
Figure 2 shows the use of an SMPS module to provide a 3.3-V rail with increased current drive. This
module is used on the EVM430-AFE253 to provide an isolated voltage to drive only the MSP430F663x
and its associated interfaces.
R5
S20K275
L_APP
26
26
22
22
C38
4.7u/400V
N_APP
VO-
NC
NC
ZD3
VO-
DVCC_APP_PL
C37
VO+
150uF
C36
VO+
0.1u
DGND_APP
SMAJ5.0ABCT
Figure 2. Switching-Based Power Supply for the MSP430 Applications Processor
2.1.2
Analog Inputs
The MSP430AFEs AFE, which consists of the ADC, is differential and requires that the input voltages
at the pins do not exceed 500 mV (gain = 1). To meet this specification, the current and voltage inputs
need to be scaled down. In addition, since the SD24_A allows negative voltage of up to 1 V; AC mains
signals can be directly interfaced without the need for level shifters. This sub-section describes the AFE
used for voltage and current channels.
2.1.2.1
Voltage Inputs
The voltage from the mains is usually 230 or 110 V and needs to be scaled down to a range of 500 mV.
The AFE for voltage consists of spike protection varistors (not shown) followed by a simple voltage divider
and a RC low-pass filter that acts like an anti-alias filter.
V1 R44
330k
330k
R50
NEUTRAL
AGND_AFE
R24
C13
100
R53
330k
R41
GND
R38
1.5K
LINE_A
47pF
C14
1K
47pF
V1+
C41
15nF
V1-
R47
AGND_AFE
Figure 3. AFE for Voltage Inputs

Figure 3 shows the AFE for the voltage inputs for a mains voltage of 230 V. The voltage is brought down
to approximately 350 mVRMS, which is a 495-mV peak and fed to the positive input, adhering to the
MSP430 analog limits. A common mode voltage of zero can be connected to the negative input of the
.
NOTE: The anti-alias resistors on the positive and negative sides are different because the input
impedance to the positive terminal is much higher; therefore, a lower value resistor is used
for the anti-alias filter. If this filter is not maintained, a relatively large phase shift would result
between voltage and current samples.

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2.1.2.2
Current Inputs
The AFE for current inputs is a little different from the AFE for the voltage inputs. Figure 4 shows the AFE
used for current channel I1 and I2.
AVCC_AFE
1N4148
BLM21BD121SN1D
1N4148
D24
D25
L17
BLM21BD121SN1D
GND
R20
C31
AGND_AFE1
GND
6.8
1 21 2
L18
BLM21BD121SN1D
R19
1K
D29
15nF
I1-
R18
D27
1N4148
D28
I1+
47pF C30
C18 47pF
1K
BLM21BD121SN1D
1N4148
D26
C17
R17
6.8
R33
1K
DNP
R16
GND
L16
R34
1 21 2
L15
D22
D23
R21
IN+
47pF C34
15nF
C33
47pF IN-
1K
JMP1
2
AGND_AFE
Figure 4. AFE for Current Inputs

Resistor R16 is the burden resistor that would be selected based on the current range used and the turnsratio specification of the CT (not required if shunt resistors are used as current sensors). The value of the
burden resistor for this design is around 6.8 . The anti-aliasing circuitry consisting of R and C follows the
burden resistor. The input signal to the converter is a fully differential input with a voltage swing of 500mV maximum with gain of the converter set to 1.
2.2
Software Implementation
The software for the implementation of one-phase metrology is discussed in this section. The first subsection discusses the setup of various peripherals of the metrology and application processors. In the
second sub-section, the metrology software is described as two major processes: the foreground process
and background process. In the third sub-section, the application software is described in detail.
Subsequently, the process of how the MSP430F663x receives metering parameters from the AFE is
described.
2.2.1
Peripherals Setup
The major peripherals of the MSP430AFE are the 24-bit sigma delta (SD24_A) ADC, clock system,
watchdog timer (WDT), and so on. For the MSP430F663x, the major peripherals of are the clock system,
timer, USB, LCD, WDT, and SPI (USCI).
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2.2.1.1
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AFE SD24_A Setup
The MSP430AFE has up to three independent sigma delta data converters. For a single phase system, at
least two s are necessary to independently measure one voltage and current. The code accompanying
this application note will address the metrology for a 1-phase system with limited discussion to antitampering. The clock to the SD24_A is derived from an external crystal 8-MHz external crystal (ACLK).
The sampling frequency is defined as fs = fM / OSR, the OSR is chosen to be 256, and the modulation
frequency is chosen as 1 MHz, resulting in a sampling frequency of 3906 Hz. The SD24_As are
configured to generate regular interrupts every sampling instant.
The following are the channels associations:
A0.0+ and A0.0: Current I1
A1.0+ and A1.0: Current I2 (Neutral)
A2.0+ and A2.0: Voltage V1
2.2.1.2
AFE Main Clock Setup
The MSP430AFE supports an external high-frequency crystal with frequencies of up to 12 MHz. In this
EVM, an 8-MHz crystal is used, and MCLK is sourced from this external crystal.
2.2.1.3
AFE UART/SPI Setup
The MSP430F6638, the master, and MSP430AFE, the slave, communicate via SPI. In this application, the
SPI is configured in 8-bit, 3-wire mode with SPI clock set at 1 MHz.
2.2.1.4
F6638 Main Clock Setup
The MSP430F6638 supports external low-frequency or external high-frequency crystals. In this EVM, an
8-MHz high frequency crystal is used and MCLK is sourced from this crystal. In addition, a low-frequency
32,768-Hz crystal is used as ACLK to source the real time clock and LCD.
2.2.1.5
F6638 Real-Time Clock (RTC_B)
The RTC_B is a real-time clock module that is configured to give precise one-second interrupts. Based off
these one-second interrupts, the time and date are updated in the software as necessary.
2.2.1.6
F6638 LCD Controller (LCD_B)
The LCD controller on the MSP430F6638 can support up to 4-mux displays and 160 segments. In the
current design, the LCD controller is configured to work in 4-mux mode using 88 segments with a refresh
rate set to ACLK/64, which is 512 Hz. For information about the parameters displayed on the LCD, see
Section 5.1.

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2.2.2
Metrology Foreground Process

The metrology foreground process includes the initial setup of the MSP430AFE hardware and software
immediately after a device reset. Figure 5 shows the flowchart for this process.
RESET
Hardware setup:
Clock, SD24_A, Port pins, Timer,
USART
1 second of Energy
accumulated? Wait for
acknowledgement from
Background process
Y
Calculate RMS Current, RMS
Voltage, Active Power, Apparent
Power, Reactive Power,
Frequency (Hz), and Power
Factor
a. AFEENRDYFG set to indicate

foreground process is complete
b. Global flag AFEINTPENDING
set to indicate changes to the
metering status register
Figure 5. Metrology Foreground Process

The setup routines involve the initialization of the ADC, clock system, general purpose input/output (I/O
port) pins, timer, and the USART SPI communication. The MSP430AFE is configured as an 8-bit, 3-wire
SPI slave.
NOTE: Since the USART is configured for SPI, the RS-232 communication using UART cannot be
used simultaneously.
After the hardware is setup, the foreground process waits for the background process to notify it to
calculate new metering parameters. This notification is done through a status flag every time a frame of
data is available for processing. The data frame consists of processed current, voltage, active, and
reactive quantities accumulated for one second. This frame is equivalent to accumulation of 50 or 60
cycles of data synchronized to the incoming voltage signal. In addition, a sample counter keeps tracks of
how many samples have been accumulated over this frame period. This count can vary as the software
synchronizes with the incoming mains frequency.
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All values are accumulated in separate 48-bit registers to further process and obtain the RMS and mean
values during the foreground process. Using the foregrounds calculated values of active and reactive
power, the apparent power is calculated. The frequency (in Hertz) and power factor are also calculated
using parameters calculated by the background process and the formulas in Section 4.3. After all the
metering parameters are calculated, the AFEENRDYFG metering interrupt flag is asserted high to indicate
the completion of the foregrounds calculation of the metrology parameters for the current frame.
2.2.2.1
Formulae
This section briefly describes the formulae used for the voltage, current, and energy calculations. As
discussed in the previous sections, simultaneous voltage and current samples are obtained from three
independent converters at a sampling rate of 3906 Hz. Track of the number of samples that are
present in one second is kept and used to obtain the RMS values for voltage and for each current via the
following formulas:
Sample
count
VRMS = K v
Sample
count
v(n) v(n)
n =1
IRMS,ph = K i,ph
Sample count
iph (n) iph (n)
n =1
Sample count
where
ph = Live or Neutral
v(n) = Voltage sample at a sample instant n
iph(n) = Each current sample at a sample instant n
Sample count = Number of samples in one second
Kv = Scaling factor for voltage
Ki,ph = Scaling factor for line or neutral current
(1)
Power and energy are calculated for a frames worth of active and reactive energy samples. These
samples are phase corrected and passed on to the foreground process, which uses the number of
samples (sample count) to calculate total active and reactive powers via the following formulas:
Sample
count
PACT,ph = K ACT,ph
Sample
count
v(n) iph (n)
n =1
Sample count
PREACT, ph = KREACT, ph
v 90 (n) iph (n)
n =1
Sample count
where
v90(n) = Voltage sample at a sample instant n shifted by 90 degrees

KACT,ph = Scaling factor for active power
KREACT,ph = Scaling factor for reactive power
(2)
Active energy is calculated from the active power by the following equations:
E ACT, ph = PACT, ph Sample count
EREACT, ph = PREACT, ph Sample count
(3)
For reactive energy, the 90 phase shift approach is used for two reasons:
1. The approach allows accurate measurement of the reactive power for very small currents.
2. The approach conforms to the measurement method specified by IEC and ANSI standards.
The calculated mains frequency is used to calculate the 90-shifted voltage sample. Since the frequency
of the mains varies, first measure the mains frequency accurately to phase shift the voltage samples
accordingly (see Section 2.2.3.3).
Implementing the applications phase shift consists of an integer part and a fractional part. The integer part
is realized by providing an n samples delay. The fractional part is realized by a fractional delay filter (see
Section 2.2.3.2).

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After calculating the active and reactive power, the apparent power is calculated by the following formula:
PAPP, ph = PACT, ph2 + PREACT, ph 2
(4)
The background process calculates the frequency in terms of samples per mains cycle. The foreground
process then converts this to Hertz by the following formula:
Sampling Rate
Frequency (Hz) =
Frequency
where
Sampling rate in units of samples per second

Frequency in units of samples per mains cycle
(5)
After the active and apparent powers have been calculated, the absolute value of the power factor is
calculated. In the meters internal representation of power factor, a positive power factor corresponds to a
capacitive load and a negative power factor corresponds to an inductive load. The sign of the internal
representation of power factor is determined by whether the current leads or lags voltage, which is
determined in the background process. Therefore, the internal representation of power factor is calculated
by the following formula:
PAct
, if capacitive load
P
Apparent
Internal Representation of Power Factor =
- PAct
, if inducitive load
PApparent
2.2.3
(6)
Metrology Background Process

The metrology background process uses the interrupt as a trigger to collect voltage and current
samples (up to three values). These samples are used to calculate intermediate results in dedicated 48-bit
accumulation registers for parameters explained in Section 4.2. The background function deals mainly
with time critical events in software. Once sufficient samples (one second's worth) have been
accumulated, the foreground process is triggered to calculate final values of VRMS, IRMS, active, reactive
and apparent powers, active, reactive and apparent energy, frequency, and power factor. The background
process is also wholly responsible for the calculation of energy proportional pulses, frequency (in samples
per cycle), and the sign of the power factor. Figure 6 shows the flow diagram of the background process.
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SD24 Interrupts @
3906/sec
Read Voltage V1
Read Currents I1, and I2
a. Remove residual DC
b. Accumulate samples for instantaneous
Power
c. Accumulate for I RMS for both currents and
VRMS
d. Calculate frequency in samples per
second
e. Keep track of whether current leads or
lags voltage
1 second of energy
calculated?
Y
Store readings and notify
foreground process
Pulse generation based on

power accumulation threshold
AFEINTPENDING
flag asserted?
Y
Interrupt MSP430F6638 and
clear AFEINTPENDING flag
Return from
Interrupt
Figure 6. Background Process

The following sections discuss the various elements of electricity measurement in the background
process.
10

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2.2.3.1
Voltage and Current Signals
The converter has a fully differential input architecture, and each pin can accept negative inputs;
therefore, no level-shifting is necessary for the incoming AC voltage (unlike single-ended or pseudodifferential converters).
The output of each is a signed integer and any stray DC or offset value on these s are removed
using a DC tracking filter in software. Separate DC estimates for voltage and current are obtained using
the filter for voltage and current samples respectively. This estimate is then subtracted from subsequent
voltage and current samples.
The resulting instantaneous voltage and current samples are used to generate the following intermediate
results:
Accumulated squared values of voltage and current, which is used for VRMS and IRMS calculations,
respectively.
Accumulated energy samples to calculate active energy.
Accumulated energy samples using current and 90 phase-shifted voltage to calculate reactive energy.
These accumulated values are processed by the foreground process.
2.2.3.2
Phase Compensation
When a current transformer (CT) is used as a sensor, it introduces a phase shift between the current and
voltage signals. Also, the voltage and current input circuits passive components may introduce another
phase shift. The relative phase shift between voltage and current samples need to be compensated to
ensure accurate measurements. The converters have programmable delay registers (SD24PREx) that
can be applied to a particular channel. This built-in feature (PRELOAD) is used to provide the phase
compensation required. Figure 7 shows the usage of PRELOAD to delay sampling on a particular
channel.
SD24OSRx = 32
f M cycles:
32
40
32
Conversion
Delayed Conversion
Conversion
Load SD24PREx
SD24PREx = 8
Preload
Applied
Delayed Conversion
Result
Time
Figure 7. Phase Compensation Using PRELOAD Register

The fractional delay resolution is a function of input frequency (fin), OSR, and the sampling frequency (fs).
360 fin 360 fin
=
Delay resolutionDeg =
OSR fs
fm
(7)
In this application, for an input frequency of 60 Hz, OSR of 256, and sampling frequency of 3906, the
PRELOAD register resolution (one step) is about 0.02 and the maximum PRELOAD delay (a maximum of
255 steps) is 5.25. When using CTs that provide a larger phase shift than this maximum, entire sample
delays along with fractional delay must be provided. This phase compensation can also be modified on
the fly to accommodate temperature drifts in CTs, but one must ensure that the conversions on the
have been stopped.
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2.2.3.3
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Frequency Measurement and Cycle Tracking
The instantaneous current and voltage samples for each phase are accumulated in 48-bit registers. A
cycle-tracking counter and sample counter keep track of the number of samples accumulated. When
approximately one seconds worth of samples have been accumulated, the background process stores
these 48-bit registers and notifies the foreground process to produce the average results such as RMS
and power values. Cycle boundaries are used to trigger the foreground averaging process since it
produces very stable results.
For frequency measurements, do a straight-line interpolation between the zero crossing voltage samples.
Figure 8 depicts the samples near a zero cross and the process of linear interpolation.
noise corrupted samples
good samples
linear interpolation
Figure 8. Frequency Measurement

Since noise spikes can cause errors, the application uses a rate-of-change check to filter out the possible
erroneous signals and make sure points interpolated are from genuine zero-crossing points. For example,
with two negative samples, a noise spike can make one of them positive and, therefore, make the
negative and positive pairs look as if there is a zero crossing.
The resultant cycle-to-cycle timing goes through a simple low-pass filter to further smooth out cycle-tocycle variations. This results in a stable and accurate frequency measurement tolerant of noise.
2.2.3.4
LED Pulse Generation
In electricity meters, the energy consumed is normally measured in fraction of kilowatt hour (KWh) pulses.
This information can be used to accurately calibrate any meter or for accuracy measurement. Typically,
the measuring element (MSP430) is responsible to generate pulses proportional to the energy consumed,
typically defined as pulses per kWh. To serve both these tasks efficiently pulse generation has to be
accurate with relatively little jitter. Although, time jitters are not an indication of bad accuracy, they would
give a negative indication on the overall accuracy of the meter. Therefore, the jitter has to be averaged
out.
This application uses average power to generate these energy pulses. The average power (calculated by
the foreground process) is accumulated every interrupt, spreading the accumulated energy from the
previous one-second time frame evenly for each interrupt in the current one-second time frame. This time
frame is equivalent to converting power to energy. Once the accumulated energy crosses a threshold, a
pulse is generated. The amount of energy above this threshold is kept and new energy value is added on
top of it in the next interrupt cycle. Since the average power tends to be a stable value, this way of
generating energy pulses is very steady and free of jitter.
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The threshold determines the energy tick specified by meter manufacturers and is a constant. The tick is
usually defined in "pulses per kWh or just in KWh. One pulse's needs to beg generates for every energy
tick. For example, in this application, the number of pulses generated per KWh is set to 1600 for active
and reactive energies. The energy tick in this case is 1 KWh per 1600 pulses. Energy pulses are
generated and available on a header and also through LEDs on the board. General purpose I/O pins are
used to produce the pulses. The number of pulses per kWh and each pulse-width can be configured in the
software. Figure 9 shows the flow diagram for pulse generation.
SD interrupts @
3906 Hz
Energy
Accumulator+=
Average Power
Energy Accumulator
>1 tick?
Y
Energy Accumulator =
Energy Accumulator 1 tick
Generate
1 pulse
Proceed to other
tasks
Figure 9. Pulse Generation for Energy Indication

In this application, the average power is represented in units of 0.01 W; therefore, the corresponding value
of the 1-KWh threshold is defined as:
1
1 KW Number of interrupts per second Number of seconds per hour
1-KWh Threshold =
.01
= 100,000 3906 3600 = 0x14765AAD400
(8)
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13
Design Features
2.2.4
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Application Processor Software

The application processor is a proxy between the AFE and various types of external communication and
LCD display. It is responsible for responding to port (I/O) and SPI (receive) interrupts from the AFE and
USB interrupts from a PC GUI. Figure 10 shows the flowchart of the main components of the software that
runs on the MSP430F663x.
RESET
Peripheral Setup:
Clock,, Port pins, Timers, USB, LCD, USCI
Y
2 seconds passed since
last LCD update?
a. Update LCD display to new

metering parameter
b. Send latest active power
readings to CC2530
Y
Received port interrupt
from AFE?
Send request to the AFE to send

its metering-interrupt flags
Notified by AFE that

any of the metering-interrupt
flags are asserted?
N
Y
Y
Received a complete
packet from the AFE?
Decode the received packet and

take the proper action
depending on what is received
Call corresponding function for

each metering-interrupt flag
that is asserted.
Y
GUI requested
calibration factors?
Read calibration factors from

the AFE and send it to the GUI
GUI requested to
change calibration
factor values?
Y
Send new calibration factors to
the AFE
GUI requested
configuration
information?
Y
Read configuration information
from the AFE and send it to the
GUI
Figure 10. Application Software

After a device reset, the MSP430F663x sets up the peripherals and initializes the CPU and SMCLK clock
(at 8 MHz), port pins, timers, USB, USCI, and LCD. One USCI module is configured for SPI
communication to the MSP430AFE and another module is configured for UART for wireless
communication. In this application, the USCI module for SPI communication is configured as a 3-pin, 8-bit
SPI master with a SPI clock of 1 MHz. The USCI module that is configured for UART communication is
connected to a ZigBee network processor (CC2530) and is configured for 8N1 with a baud rate of 115200.
14

TIDU455 August 2014

Design Features
www.ti.com
Once the hardware has been configured, the MSP430F663x enters a while loop. At the beginning of each
iteration of the loop, a timer flag is checked to determine the start of a new 2-second interval. Every twosecond interval, the LCD display is updated with a different metering parameter. Additionally, updated
active power readings received from the MSP430AFE are sent to a RF transceiver (CC2530, configured
as transmitter). Section 2.2.5 discusses how the MSP430F663x receives the active power readings and
other metering parameters from the MSP430AFE.
After determining if it is a new two-second interval, as shown in Figure 10, appropriate actions are taken.
2.2.5
Transferring New E-Meter Parameters from AFE to MSP430F663x

Although the MSP430F663x calls a function for each asserted metering-interrupt flag, only one of these
functions actually has code to deal with its corresponding metering-interrupt flag being asserted. This
function deals with the case the AFE has just calculated new e-meter parameters and has alerted the
MSP430F663x via the corresponding metering-interrupt flag. For the other functions, the user may add
code to customize the performed actions for each metering interrupt. Figure 11 shows the process used to
calculate the metering parameters and transfer the newly calculated parameters from the AFE to the
MSP430F663x.
MSP430AFE
Background
Foreground
After a second of
samples, background
tells the foreground
that the metering
parameters are ready
to be calculated.
Foreground calculates
metering paramters
based on the values
from the background.
When the background

sees that the
AFEINTPENDING flag is
set, it outputs a pulse
}vZ^&_/Ed_]v.
The flag is then cleared.
Foreground sets
AFEENRDYF and
AFEINTPENDING flags
to signify that new
emeter parameters
have been calculated.
MSP430F6638
The pulse on AFE_INT

triggers the F6638 port
interrupt, which lets
the F6638 know that
the AFE has requested
an interrupt.
Once the F6638 knows that

the AFE requested an
interrupt, it sends a SPI
command to the AFE for it to
send the values of the
metering-interrupt flags.
F6638 receives the

metering-interrupt
flags and sees that
AFENRDYF is asserted
which means new
meter parameters have
been calculated.
Has F6638
requested all
the metering parameters
from AFE?
AFE receives this

request and sends the
metering-interrupt
flags via SPI. After
sending the flags, they
are cleared.
YY
N
N
AFE receives request
and sends requested
metering parameter via
SPI
Receive and store

metering parameter
Request the next parameter

via SPI
All Metering Parameters

Received
Figure 11. Transference of Meter Parameters from AFE to MSP430F663x
TIDU455 August 2014


15
Block Diagram
www.ti.com
Block Diagram
Figure 12 shows a high-level system block diagram of the reference EVM (EVM430-AFE253) from Texas
Instruments, which is divided into a metrology portion that has the MSP430AFE and the application
portion that has the MSP430F663x. The MSP430AFE is a slave metrology processor and the
MSP430F663x is the host/application processor. Isolated inter-processor communication is made possible
using digital isolators on the SPI/UART pins.
ELECTRICAL
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
AC mains
N
L
MSP430AFE
JTAG
Capacitive
Power supply
VCC
LCD
DISPLAY
VCC
RST
VSS
GND
MSP430
AFE
GPIO
A
B
Analog to
Digital
8 MHz
F663x JTAG
XT2 IN
I1-
C
TEST
I In
I1+
V1+
V In
REAC MAX
kW
kWh
XT2 OUT
HF crystal
V1-/
V1Vref(O)
Vref(I)
VREF
AC mains
I/O I/O
LOAD
URXD0
UTXD0
SCLK
SCLK
SOMI SIMO
UART TO PC
SPI
SPI
SPI
RS 232
BRIDGE
MSP430
F663x
VCC
GND
APPLICATION
PROCESSOR
Optical Digital
Isolators
USB
ISOLATED
AC/DC
POWER
SUPPLY
VCC
GND
20-pin
SPI
USB COMM
TO PC
Wireless
Daughter
Card EMK
Interface
20-pin
Figure 12. EVM430-MSP430AFE253 System Block Diagram
16

TIDU455 August 2014

Block Diagram
www.ti.com
Figure 13 shows the high level interface with MSP430 used for a single-phase energy meter application. A
single-phase, two-wire connection to the mains is shown in this case with tamper detection. Current
sensors are connected to each of the current channels and a simple voltage divider is used for
corresponding voltages. The CT has an associated burden resistor that must be connected at all times to
protect the measuring device. The choice of the CT and the burden resistor is done based on the
manufacturer and current range required for energy measurements. The choice of the shunt resistor value
is determined by the current range, gain settings of the SD24_A on the AFE and the tolerance of the
power dissipation. The choice of voltage divider resistors for the voltage channel is selected to ensure the
mains voltage is divided down to adhere to the normal input ranges that are valid for the MSP430
SD24_A. Refer to the MSP430x2xx users guide and MSP430AFE datasheet for these limits.
From utility
MSP430
AFE2x3
VCC
RST
VSS
PULSE2
Analog to
Digital
I1+
C
T
PULSE1
I In
I1I2I2+
V1+
V In
V1-/
V1Vref(O)
Vref(I)
VREF
XT2IN
HF crystal
(Up to 12 MHz)
XT2OUT
SPI
UART
Application
interface
LOAD
Figure 13. Single-Phase, Two-Wire Connection Using MSP430AFE2x3
TIDU455 August 2014


17
Energy Meter Demo
www.ti.com
Energy Meter Demo

The following figures of the EVM best describe the hardware. Figure 14 is the top view of the energy meter. Figure 15 then shows the location of
various pieces of the EVM.
F6638 JTAG
LCD
F6638 USB
RF
Connector
F6638
F6638-AFE
Isolators
Reactive Pulse
Isolated Supply
on Bottom
of Board
Isolated RS-232
Active Pulse
AFE JTAG
AFE253
Capacitive Supply
(Some portions
located on bottom
of board)
Figure 14. Top View of the EVM
18
Analog Front End
Figure 15. Top View of the EVM with Blocks and Jumpers
TIDU455 August 2014

Energy Meter Demo
www.ti.com
4.1
Connections to the Test Setup or AC Voltages

NOTE: This is a single-phase system and any reference to secondary currents and voltages should
not be confused with a dual-phase system.
AC voltage or currents can be applied to the board for testing purposes at these points:
Pads L1 and N1 correspond to the line and neutral voltage inputs. The EVM can measure up to 230-V
AC, 50 or 60 Hz from the AC line. This line voltage can also be used to power the MSP430AFE from
AC mains.
Pads CUR1+ and CUR1, which are the current inputs after the sensors (secondary AC current for CT
or AC voltage across shunt). Care must be taken that the AC peak amplitude fed to the corresponding
not exceed 500 mV.
CUR2+ and CUR2 can also be used as current inputs to measure another current (typically used to
measure return current for tamper detection). Care must be taken that the AC peak amplitude fed to
the corresponding not exceed 500 mV.
Pads L2 and N2 correspond to the same Line and Neutral voltage inputs. The AC mains line and
neutral voltages should be connected to these pads to provide isolated power to the host
MSP430F6638 and its associated components. On this EVM, this connection has not been made.
Figure 16 and Figure 17 shows the various connections that need to be made to the test set up for proper
functionality of the EVM.
Figure 16. Top View of the EVM with Test Setup

Connections
TIDU455 August 2014

Figure 17. Side View of the EVM with Test Setup

Connections

19
Energy Meter Demo
www.ti.com
With an AC test setup, the connections have to be made according to Figure 16 and Figure 17 that show
the connections from the top and side view respectively. L and N correspond to the voltage inputs from
the AC test setup. I+ and I corresponds to one set of current inputs and I+ and I corresponds to the
second set of current inputs.
Although the EVM hardware and software support measurement for the second current, the EVM obtained
from Texas Instruments does not have the second sensor. The current outputs from the AC test source
must be connected to I+ and I only. If an additional sensor needs to be placed, use the two bottom left
slots corresponding to terminals I+ and I. Additional wired connections need to be made to connect the
output of these sensors to points CUR2+ and CUR2 on the EVM.
20

TIDU455 August 2014

Energy Meter Demo
www.ti.com
4.2
Jumper Settings
Table 1. Header Names and Jumper Settings on the EVM
NAME
ACT
COMMS
COMMS_APP
DGND1
DGND2
TIDU455 August 2014

TYPE
2-pin header
42-pin header
42-pin header
Header
Header
MAIN FUNCTIONALITY
VALID USE-CASE
COMMENTS
Active Energy Pulses +

GND (WARNING)
Probe here for active

energy pulses. The pin
under the "ACT" label
corresponds to the
Active Energy Pulse and
the other pin
corresponds to ground.
This header is not

isolated from AC voltage
so do not connect
measuring equipments
unless isolators external
to the EVM are
available. See HDR1
instead.
Communication header
for MSP430AFE
(WARNING)
The SPI pins on this

header are interfaced to
the MSP430F663x via
on board isolators
(ISO1/ISO2/ISO3). The
This contains the SPI
UART pins correspond
and UART lines of the
to the UART signals and
MSP430AFE isolated
are not the associated
from the MSP430F6638. translated RS-232
This header also
signals; therefore, they
contains the nonhave UART voltage
isolated active and
levels and not RS232
reactive energy pulse
voltage levels. Do not
outputs (Duplicated on
connect the active and
ACT and REACT
reactive pulse pins on
headers).
this header to a scope
or other measuring
equipment if external
isolators are not present.
See HDR1 and HDR2
instead.
Communication header
for MSP430F663x
This contains the SPI

lines and the application
interrupt pin (APP_INT)
and other signals
connected to the RF
connector: RF_GPIO1,
RF_GPIO2, and SFD.
The SPI pins on this

header are interfaced to
the MSP430AFE via on
board isolators
(ISO1/ISO2/ISO3). The
APP_INT is an isolated
input from the
MSP430AFE used to
alert the MSP430F6638
that updated metering
parameters are ready.
All pins on this header
are isolated from the AC
mains
Ground voltage header

for MSP430AFE
(WARNING)
Probe here for GND

voltage of the
MSP430AFE
(DGND_AFE). Connect
negative terminal of
bench or external power
supply when powering
the MSP430AFE
externally.
Do not probe here if the

MSP430AFE is
connected to AC mains
unless when using an
isolated AC test setup.
Ground Voltage Header

for MSP430F663x
Probe here for GND

voltage of the
MSP430F663x
(DGND_APP). Connect
negative terminal of
the MSP430F663x
externally.
Note that DGND_APP is

not isolated with USB
GND voltages on the
EVM.

21
Energy Meter Demo
www.ti.com
Table 1. Header Names and Jumper Settings on the EVM (continued)

NAME
DVCC1
DVCC2
HDR1
HDR2
Header
Header
Header
Header
MAIN FUNCTIONALITY
VALID USE-CASE
COMMENTS
VCC Voltage Header for

MSP430AFE
(WARNING)
Probe here for VCC

supply voltage of the
MSP430AFE
(DVCC_AFE). Connect
positive terminal of
the MSP430AFE
externally.
Do not probe here if the

MSP430AFE is
connected to AC mains
unless when using an
isolated AC test setup.
VCC Voltage Header for

MSP430F663x
(WARNING)
Probe here for VCC

supply voltage of the
MSP430F663x
(DVCC_APP). Connect
positive terminal of
the MSP430F663x
externally.
Note that DGND_APP is

not isolated with USB
GND voltages on the
EVM.
Probe here for isolated

active energy pulses.
This is isolated from AC

mains voltage so it is
safe to connect a scope
or other measuring
equipments since
isolators are already
present on the EVM.
Isolated Reactive
Energy Pulses
Probe here for reactive

energy pulses.
This is isolated from AC

mains voltage so it is
safe to connect a scope
or other measuring
equipments since
isolators are already
present on the EVM.
Conditions based on
sensor:
CT: Always have a
jumper
Shunt: Do not connect a
jumper
Isolated Active Energy

Pulses
JMP1
Jumper
"CUR2" Current Sensor

Reference
Place a jumper here to

reference the negative
terminal of the "CUR2"
to analog ground
(AGND_AFE).
JTG_PWR1
Jumper
JTAG Power Selection

for MSP430AFE
Jumper placed during

JTAG programming.
See Section 4.3 for

configuration
information.
JTG_PWR2
Jumper
JTAG Power Selection

for MSP430F663x
Jumper placed during

JTAG programming.
See Section 4.3 for

configuration
information.
PWR1
Jumper
Power Option Select for

MSP430AFE
Jumper placed when

powering the
MSP430AFE either via
AC mains or external
power.
See Section 4.3 for

configuration information
PWR2
Jumper
Power Option Select for

MSP430F663x
Jumper placed when

powering the
See Section 4.3 for
MSP430F663x either via configuration information
mains or external power.
Reactive Energy Pulses

+ GND (WARNING)
Probe here for reactive

energy pulses. The pin
next to the LED
corresponds to the
Reactive Energy Pulse
pin and the other pin
corresponds to ground.
REACT
22
TYPE
Header

This header is not

isolated from AC voltage
so do not connect
measuring equipments
unless isolators external
to the EVM are
available. See HDR2
instead.
TIDU455 August 2014

Energy Meter Demo
www.ti.com
4.3
Power Supply Options

The EVM can be configured to operate with different sources for power specific to the MSP430AFE and
the MSP430F663x. The various sources of power to the MSP430s are JTAG, AC mains voltage, and
external bench supply and battery. Table 2 lists the header settings for the power options of the
MSP430AFE only.
Table 2. AFE Power Selection Headers
POWER OPTION
JTG_PWR1
PWR1
JTAG
Jumper on bottom two pins when board is

oriented as in Figure 16
No jumper
AC Mains Voltage
(WARNING)
External bench supply/battery
No jumper if debugging is not desired.
Jumper on [1-2]
Do not debug using JTAG unless AC

source or JTAG is isolated from each
other. Jumper on the top two pins (when
the board is oriented as shown in
Figure 16) if debugging is desired.
No jumper if debugging is not desired;
Jumper on the top two pins (when the
board is oriented as shown in Figure 16) if
debugging is desired.
Jumper on [2-3]
When powered by the AC mains voltage, the PWR1 header can also be treated as a current consumption
header by placing an ammeter across it.
Table 3 lists the header settings for the power options of the MSP430F663x only.
Table 3. F663x Power Selection Headers
POWER OPTION
JTAG
JTG_PWR2
Jumper on [1-2]
PWR2
No jumper
AC Mains voltage

Jumper on [2-3] if debugging is desired.
Jumper on [1-2]
External bench supply/battery

Jumper on [2-3] if debugging is desired.
Jumper on [2-3]
R15 must be populated (default)
Jumper on [2-3]
USB power
When powered by the mains supply, PWR2 header can also be treated as a current consumption header
by placing an ammeter across it.
TIDU455 August 2014


23
Results and Calibration
www.ti.com

When the MSP430F6638 and MSP430AFE are turned on, the results will be available through LCD and
the PC GUI.
5.1
Viewing Results via LCD

Table 4 shows the different metering parameters that are displayed on the LCD. If the AFE is not turned
on, then the metering parameters (with the exception of day and time) will not be updated from their
respective initial values. The initial values for the metering parameters are shown in the Initial LCD Value
column of Table 4. The LCD display scrolls between metering parameter every two seconds. To
distinguish metering parameters from each other, one or two characters are displayed on the LCD to the
left of the actual reading. The Symbol column shows which characters correspond to which metering
parameter. The Comments column provides a brief interpretation of the displayed metering parameters.
Table 4. LCD Metering Parameters
PARAMETER NAME
SYMBOL
UNITS
INITIAL LCD VALUE
COMMENTS
Voltage
Volts (V)
0.08
Current
Amps (A)
0.009
Frequency
Hertz (Hz)
Active Power
Watt (W)
Total consumed Active

Energy
100 Tick
Date
Year/Month/Day
(yymmdd)
110321
Time
Hour/Minute/Second
(hhmmss)
10203
Reactive Power
Volt-Ampere Reactive
(var)
Apparent Power
Volt-Ampere (VA)
The ':' symbol

represents the decimal
point '.'
Every 10 ticks
increments the tenths
place by 1.
The characters
Power Factor
Constant between 0 and

1
are used if the

load is determined to be
a capacitive load.
The characters
are used if the

load is determined to be
an inductive load.
24

TIDU455 August 2014

www.ti.com
5.2
Viewing Results via GUI

To open the GUI, follow these steps:
1. Once the MSP430F663x is turned on and the EVMs USB connector is connected to the PC, open the
device manager to find the COM port assigned to the EVM. In this example, COM19 is used.
2. Enter the /Source/GUI folder and open calibration-config.xml in a text editor.
3. Change the port name field within the <meter> tag to the COM port of the meter. In Figure 18, this field
is changed to COM19.
Figure 18. GUI Config File Changed with to EVM COM Port
4. Open calibrator.exe, which is located in the /Source/GUI folder. If the COM port in calibrationconfig.xml was changed in the previous step to the com port of the enumerated EVM, the GUI should
pop up.
Under correct connections, a top-left button will be green. If there are problems with connections or if the
code is not configured correctly, the button will be red. Once the GUI is executing, the results can be
viewed by pressing the green button as shown in Figure 19.
Figure 19. GUI Startup Window
TIDU455 August 2014


25
www.ti.com
Once the green button is clicked, the results window pops up, as shown in Figure 20. Note that, unlike the
LCD, the GUI power factor is displayed as a constant from 0 to 10 instead of a constant from 0 to 1. Also,
there is a trailing 'L' or 'C' to indicate an inductive or capacitive load respectively.
Figure 20. Results Window
26

TIDU455 August 2014

Design Files
www.ti.com
Design Files
6.1
Schematics
To download the schematics, see TIDM-METROLOGY-HOST.
DVCC_AFE
C16
R73
12pF
MSP430AFE253
ACT
L18
BLM21BD121SN1D
D29
AGND_AFE1
R21
GND
R19
6.8
1 21 2
1N4148
D28
C54
0.1u
R27
47pF C34
15nF
C33
1k
BC860B/BC857B
DNP
R30
T1
R29
PS8802
BC860B/BC857B
NEUTRAL
1uH
L6
R31
R23
DNP
TPS77033
D10
LL103A
OUT
IN
DVCC_PL
IC3
C4
0.1u
0
R26
U+
/EN
FB
ZD1
R22
560R / 5W
DNP (3.3V)
0.1u
C26+
C23
10u
910n / 400V
GND
C49
LINE_A
1uH
L5
220
2.2k
R32
T2
R40
UART_TX
DGND_AFE
CONNECT AGND and DGND
DGND_AFE
DGND_AFE
47pF IN-
1K
JMP1
1.5k
V1
IN+
TIL191
LINE
8
7
6
R28
HDR1
2
15nF
I1-
LL103A
1
4
C25
C31
1K
D27
ZD2
5.1V
R20
U2
2
68
DGND_AFE
R18
L17
BLM21BD121SN1D
OK2
1K
D7
-12V
TXD
47pF C30
C18 47pF
1K
BLM21BD121SN1D
1N4148
D26
GND
6.8
DNP
R16
R33
GND
L16
C17
R17
I1+
10u
C53
0.1u
R37
S20K275
1N4148
D24
D25
R34
1 21 2
L15
TIL191
DVCC_AFE
REACT_PULR76
1K
DVCC
R47
AGND_AFE
BLM21BD121SN1D
D22
D23
15nF
V1-
HDR2
GND
47pF
ACT_PUL R75
1K
C41
6
7
8
9
G2
F09HP
1N4148
1K
1.5K
AGND_AFE
R24
AVCC_AFE
47pF
C14
NEUTRAL
DVCC_AFE
V1+
C13
OK1
R1
R50
100
LL103A
G1
10u GND1
C22
1
2
V1 R44
330k
C15
REACT
R53
R41
RS232
CON1
1
2
3
4
5
D4
DGND_AFE
DVCC
330k
PS8802
+12V
DGND_AFE
330k
RXD
1k
UART_RX
REACT_PUL
R38
R36
ACT_PUL
DGND_AFE
DVCC_EXT
LINE_A
2.2k
DGND_AFE
DGND_AFE
JTAG1
DGND_AFE
DVCC_AFE
U5
8
7
6
R39
2200uF
DVCC_PL
C27
1
2.2n
3
REACT_PUL
DGND_AFE
5
7
9 TCK_AFE
11
13
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
XT2OUT
C19
DVCC_AFE 47k
DVCC_FET1
XT2IN
DVCC_AFE
1
2
3
R61
SPI_CS
SPI_CLK
SOMI
SIMO
UART_RX
UART_TX
AFE_INT
ACT_PUL
DVCC_AFE
XT2OUT
XT2IN
DGND_AFE
1
2
JTG_PWR1
AGND
1
2
1 A0.0+
P2.0/STE0/TA0/TDI/TCLK 24
2 A0.0P1.7/UCLK0/TA1/TDO/TDI 23
3 A1.0+
P1.6/SOMI0/TA2/TCK 22
A1.04
P1.5/SIMO0/SVSOUT/TMS21
5 AVCC
P1.4/URXD0/SD2DO20
6 AVSS
P1.3/UTXD0/SD1DO 19
7 VREF
P1.2/TA0/SD0DO 18
8 A2.0+
P1.1/TA1/SDCLK 17
DVCC16
9 A2.0P2.7/XT2OUT 15
10 TEST/SBWTCK
P2.6/XT2IN 14
11 RST/NMI/SBWTDIO
12 P1.0/SVSIN/TACLK/SMCLK/TA2 DVSS 13
12pF
3
4
C1
PWR1
I1+
I1IN+
INAVCC_AFE
AGND_AFE
VREF
V1+
V1TCK_AFE
RESET_AFE
S4
DGND_AFE
XT2
XT2
0.1u
1
2
3
DGND_AFE
AGND_AFE
10k
AGND_AFE
VREF
D3
REACT_PUL
LL103A
ACT_PUL
10u
D1
C9
C12 C10
LL103A
0.1u 0.1u
10u
2 UART_RX
4 UART_TX
6 REACT_PUL
8 ACT_PUL
DVCC_AFE
C11
COMMS
LED2 1K
R72
DGND_AFE
DVCC_AFE
AVCC_AFE
LED1 1K
10
AVCC_AFE
SIMO 1
3
SOMI
SPI_CLK5
SPI_CS 7
DVCC_AFE
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
DVCC_AFE
R2
DGND1
DVCC1
AGND_AFE
Figure 21. TIDM-METROLOGY-HOST Schematic Page 1
TIDU455 August 2014


27
Design Files
www.ti.com
RST/NMI
AVCC_APP
C32
10u
C35
0.1u
R4
0
PWR2
DGND_APP
AVCC_APP
C47
HFOUT
HFIN
C7
0.1u
R3 DVCC_APP
C8
10
10u
U1
1
2
1
2
C50
DGND_APP
VCC1
OUTA
INB
GND1
VCC2
INA
OUTB
GND2
8
7
6
5
DVCC_AFE
SOMI
SIMO
DGND_AFE
0.1u
C52
ISO7421FE
DGND_APP
0.1u
C2
47pF
DVCC_APP1
MSPI_CS 2
MSPI_CLK 3
DGND_APP4
VCC1
INA
INB
GND1
VCC2
OUTA
OUTB
GND2
8
7
6
5
DVCC_AFE
SPI_CS
SPI_CLK
DGND_AFE
0.1u
C55
ISO7420FE
DVCC_APP
0.1u
C5
C6
10u
S0
DGND_APP
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
DVCC_APP
DGND_APP
S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
S16
S17
S18
S19
S20
S21
A0CS
12pF
XIN
XT1
XT1
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
DGND_APP
DGND_APP
C46
470n
LCDCAP
COM0
COM1
COM2
COM3
APP_INT
MSPI_CS
RF_GPIO1
RF_GPIO2
SFD
CCA
RESETCC
VREG_EN
10u
C48
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
DVCC_APP
C21
47pF
DVCC_APP
DVCC_APP1
M_SOMI 2
M_SIMO 3
4
DGND_APP
DGND
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
AVCC_APP 11
AGND_APP 12
13
XIN
XOUT 14
AGND_APP 15
16
A0CLK 17
M_SIMO 18
M_SOMI 19
MSPI_CLK20
A0SIMO 21
A0SOMI 22
23
24
25
DVCC_APP
C20
0.1u
HCTC_XTL_4
AGND_APP
AGND_APP
1
0.1u
DVCC2
DGND_APP
DVCC_APP
DVCC_APP
DGND2
DVCC_APP_PL
DVCC_APP
DVCC_APP_EXT
1
2
3
1
2
3
100
99
98
97
96 RST/NMI
95 TCK
94 TMS
93 TDI
92 TDO
91 TEST
90 DGND_APP
89 DVCC_APP
88
87
86
85 HFOUT
84 HFIN
83 AGND_APP
82 V18
DVCC_APP_EXT
81 VUSB
80 VBUS
R15
79 PU.1/DM 0
Q1G$1
78
PUR
77 PU.0/DP
2
1
76 DGND_APP
DVCC_FET2
JTG_PWR2
TEST
DGND_APP
RST/NMI
DGND_APP
TCK
TMS
TDI
TDO
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
DGND_APP
JTAG2
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
COMMS_APP
MSPI_CS1
2 APP_INT
MSPI_CLK
3
4 RF_GPIO1
M_SIMO5
6 RF_GPIO2
8 SFD
M_SOMI7
C24
2.2n
R14
47k
Q1G$2
DVCC_APP
XOUT
DVCC_APP1
APP_INT 2
3
DGND_APP 4
VCC1
OUTA
INB
GND1
VCC2
INA
OUTB
GND2
8
7
6
5
DVCC_AFE
AFE_INT
DGND_AFE
ISO7421FE
LCDCAP
C51
S0 P$14
S1 P$13
S2 P$12
S3 P$11
S4 P$10
S5 P$9
S6 P$8
S7 P$7
S8 P$6
S9 P$5
S10 P$4
S11 P$3
S12 P$2
S13 P$1
1A_1B_1C_1D
1F_1G_1E_DP1DOL_ERR_MINUS_MEM
2A_2B_2C_2D
ENV_TX_RX_8BC
2F_2G_2E_DP2
ANT_A2_A1_A0
3A_3B_3C_3D
BT_B1_B0_BB
3F_3G_3E_COL3
AU_AR_AD_AL
4A_4B_4C_4D
PL_P0_P1_P2
4F_4G_4E_DP4
F1_F2_F3_F4
5A_5B_5C_5D
F5_PR_P4_P3
5F_5G_5E_COL5
COM0
6A_6B_6C_6D
COM1
6F_6G_6E_DP6
COM2
7A_7B_7C_7D
COM3
7F_7G_7E_DP7
10u
P$26
P$25
P$24
P$23
P$22
P$21
P$20
P$19
P$18
P$17
P$16
P$15
S21
S20
S19
S18
S17
S16
S15
S14
COM0
COM1
COM2
COM3
DGND_APP
Softbaugh SBLCDA4 interface
C29
C28
12pF
DNP
DGND_APP

28
TIDU455 August 2014

Design Files
www.ti.com
10u
R84
DGND_APP
26
22
22
C38
4.7u/400V
N_APP
VO+
VO+
VO-
VO-
RF_GPIO2
NC
RF4
RF3
26
DVCC_APP_PL
NC
ZD3
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 R85
C37
1
3
5
R77 A0SIMO
7
A0SOMI
R78 CCA
9
R79 SFD
11
R80
13
R81 A0CS
R87 15
R82 A0CLK RESETCC
17
A0SIMO
R83
A0SOMI RF_GPIO1 R86 19
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
S20K275
R108
R105
R106
R107
R5
VREG_EN
RESETCC
A0SIMO
A0SOMI
C45
0.1u
L_APP
150uF
C36
C44
DVCC_APP
0.1u
DGND_APP
SMAJ5.0ABCT
DGND_APP
USB2
VBUS
LL103A
D2
R35 27
R6
1.4k
PUR
PU.0/DP
PU.1/DM
D-
D+ 3
D+
4.7u
C43
VBUS
D- 2
DGND_APP
4
GND
SHIELD
SHIELD1
33k
0.1u
R9
TPD4E004
C42
GND IO3
5
IO4
IO2
2
10p
IO1 VCC
10p
IC7
C39 C40
R25
1M
R7 27
DGND_APP
DGND_APP
DGND_APP
DGND_APP
DGND_APP
TIDU455 August 2014


29
Design Files
6.2
www.ti.com
Bill of Materials
To download the bill of materials (BOM), see the design files at TIDM-METROLOGY-HOST.
Table 5. BOM
30
ITEM
QTY
S4
REFERENCE
C38
RS-232
VALUE
PART DESCRIPTION
Switch
Pushbutton Switch
DIGIKEY PARTNUMBER
P8006S-ND
4.7 u/400 V
Capacitor
565-1411-ND
9-pin connector
DB-9 Connector
A32115-ND
ACT, DGND2, DVCC2, REACT,HDR1, HDR2, JMP1
2-pin Jumper header
Jumper header
609-3296-ND
Break and use
JTG_PWR1, JTG_PWR2, PWR1, PWR2
3-pin Jumper header
Jumper header
609-3296-ND
Break and use
DGND1, DVCC1
4-pin Jumper header
Jumper header
609-3296-ND
Break and use
COMMS, COMMS_APP
42 8-pin header
Jumper header
609-3296-ND
Break and use
LED1
Light Emitting Diode
LED
511-1256-1-ND
511-1254-1-ND
LED2
Light Emitting Diode
LED
10
JTAG1, JTAG2
14-pin Connector
JTAG Connector
MHB14K-ND
11
RF3, RF4
20-pin Connector
RF Connector
TFM-110-02-SM-D-A-K
12
USB2
USB Connector
USB_RECEPTACLE
WM17113-ND
13
ZD1
3.6 V
Zener Diode
DNP
14
20
R4. R15. R24, R26, R34, R77, R78, R79, R80, R81, R82, R83, R84, R85,
R86, R87, R105, R106, R107, R108
Resistor 0603
P0.0GCT-ND
15
16
C1, C2, C6, C8, C10, C12, C21, C25, C26, C35, C37, C43, C45, C50,
C52, C55
0.1 u
Capacitor 0603
311-1366-1-ND
16
C53, C54
0.1 u
Capacitor 0805
445-1349-1-ND
17
R53
1.5 K
Resistor 0603
P1.5KGCT-ND
18
R31
1.5 K
Resistor 0805
RMCF0805JT1K50CT-ND
19
R17, R18, R20, R21, R47, R72, R73, R75, R76
1K
Resistor 0603
P1.0KGCT-ND
20
R29, R36
1K
Resistor 0805
P1.0KACT-ND
21
R25
22
D22, D23, D24, D25, D26, D27, D28, D29
23
R6
24
L5, L6
25
C24, C27
26
27
1M
Resistor 0603
P1.0MGCT-ND
1N4148
Diode
568-1749-1-ND
1.4 k
Resistor 0603
P1.40KHCT-ND
EXC-ML20A390U
Inductor
P10191CT-ND
2.2 n
Capacitor 0603
478-6210-1-ND
R39, R40
2.2 k
Resistor 0805
P2.2KGCT-ND
ZD2
5.1 V
Zener Diode
568-4874-1-ND
TIDU455 August 2014

Design Files
www.ti.com
Table 5. BOM (continued)

ITEM
QTY
VALUE
PART DESCRIPTION
DIGIKEY PARTNUMBER
28
C42
REFERENCE
4.7 u
Capacitor 0603
490-3302-1-ND
29
R16, R19
6.8
Resistor 0603
P6.8GCT-ND
30
R2, R3
10
Resistor 0603
P10GCT-ND
31
C39, C40
10 p
Capacitor 0603
490-1403-1-ND
32
11
C5, C7, C9, C11, C15, C20, C22, C32, C44, C51, C23
10 u
Polarized Capacitor
399-3685-1-ND
33
C16, C19, C28, C29
12 pF
Capacitor 0603
445-1270-1-ND
34
C30, C34, C41
15 nF
Capacitor 0603
445-5102-1-ND
35
R7, R35
27
Resistor 0603
P27GCT-ND
36
R9
33 k
Resistor 0603
P33KGCT-ND
37
R61, R14
47 K
Resistor 0603
P47KGCT-ND
38
C13, C14, C17, C18, C31, C33, C47, C48
47 pF
Capacitor 0603
445-1277-1-ND
39
R50
100
Resistor 0603
P100GCT-ND
40
C36
150 F
Polarized Capacitor
P12917-ND
41
R38, R41, R44
330 K
Resistor 0603
P330KHCT-ND
42
C49
470 n / 300 V~
Polarized Capacitor
P12275-ND
43
R22
470 / 5 W
Resistor
45J470E-ND
44
C4
2200 F
Polarized Capacitor
P5128-ND
45
L15, L16, L17, L18
BLM21BD121SN1D
Inductor
490-1044-1-ND
46
U$2
CUI_XR
Power supply module
102-1801-ND
47
U1
F66XX---PZ100
MSP430F6638 100-pin
TI chip
48
Q1
HCTC_XTL_4
HF Crystal
887-1002-ND
49
ISO1
ISO7420
8-pin DW Isolator chip
296-28742-1-ND
50
ISO2, ISO3
ISO7421
8-pin DW Isolator chip
296-28426-ND
51
D1, D2, D3, D4, D7, D10
LL103A
Diode
LLSD103ADICT-ND
52
U$1
MSP430AFE_24TSSOP
MSP430AFE 24-pin TSSOP
TI chip
53
U2, U5
PS8802
8-pin TSSOP
PS8802-1-F3-AXCT-ND
54
R1, R5
S20K275
Varistor
495-1417-ND
55
LCD1
SBLCDA4
LCD Display
ACD Will provide
56
ZD3
SMAJ5.0ABCT
Diode
SMAJ5.0ABCT-ND
57
D32, D33
SMAJ5.0CA
Diode
SMAJ5.0CABCT-ND
58
OK1, OK2
PS2501-1-A
4-pin Isolator chip
PS2501-1A-ND
59
IC7
TPD4E004
6-pin Chip
296-23618-1-ND
60
IC3
TPS77033
6-pin Chip
296-11051-1-ND
61
XT1
XT1
LF Crystal
300-8341-1-ND
TIDU455 August 2014


31
Design Files
www.ti.com
Table 5. BOM (continued)
32
ITEM
QTY
VALUE
PART DESCRIPTION
DIGIKEY PARTNUMBER
62
XT2
REFERENCE
XT2
HF Crystal
887-1233-ND
63
R23
DNP
Resistor 0805
DNP
64
R37
68
Resistor 0805
P68ACT-ND
65
R27
DNP
Resistor 0805
DNP
66
R30
10 k
Resistor 0805
P10KACT-ND
67
R32
220
Resistor 0805
P220ACT-ND
68
C46
470 n
Capacitor 0603
445-3456-1-ND
69
R33
DNP
Resistor 0603
DNP
70
R28
DNP
Resistor 0603
DNP
71
T1, T2
BC860B/BC857B
BC857ASMD
BC857B-TPMSCT-ND
TIDU455 August 2014

Design Files
www.ti.com
6.3
PCB Layer Plots

To download the layer plots, see the design files at TIDM-METROLOGY-HOST.
Figure 24. Top Layer Plot
Figure 25. Bottom Layer Plot
TIDU455 August 2014


33
Design Files
6.4
www.ti.com
CAD Project Files

To download the CAD project files, see the design files at TIDM-METROLOGY-HOST.
6.5
Gerber Files
To download the Gerber files, see the design files at TIDM-METROLOGY-HOST.
6.6
Software Files
To download the software files, see the design files at TIDM-METROLOGY-HOST.
References
1. Energy Measurement Results for CTs and Shunts on a TI Designed Meter Using MSP430AFE2xx
Devices (SLAA536)
About the Author

MEKRE MESGANAW is a system applications engineer in the Smart Grid and Energy group at Texas
Instruments, where he primarily works on electricity metering customer support and reference design
development. Mekre received his bachelor of science and master of science in computer engineering from
the Georgia Institute of Technology.
34

TIDU455 August 2014

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Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

TIDU455 August 2014

Resistor Capacitor (RC) Power Supply

TIDU455 August 2014

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

Switching-Based Power Supply

Figure 2. Switching-Based Power Supply for the MSP430 Applications Processor

Figure 3. AFE for Voltage Inputs

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

TIDU455 August 2014

Figure 4. AFE for Current Inputs

TIDU455 August 2014

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

AFE SD24_A Setup

AFE Main Clock Setup

AFE UART/SPI Setup

F6638 Main Clock Setup

F6638 Real-Time Clock (RTC_B)

F6638 LCD Controller (LCD_B)

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

TIDU455 August 2014

Metrology Foreground Process

a. AFEENRDYFG set to indicate

Figure 5. Metrology Foreground Process

TIDU455 August 2014

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

iph (n) iph (n)

v(n) iph (n)

v 90 (n) iph (n)

v90(n) = Voltage sample at a sample instant n shifted by 90 degrees

EREACT, ph = PREACT, ph Sample count

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

TIDU455 August 2014

PAPP, ph = PACT, ph2 + PREACT, ph 2

Sampling rate in units of samples per second

Metrology Background Process

TIDU455 August 2014

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

Pulse generation based on

Figure 6. Background Process

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

TIDU455 August 2014

Voltage and Current Signals

Figure 7. Phase Compensation Using PRELOAD Register

TIDU455 August 2014

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

Frequency Measurement and Cycle Tracking

noise corrupted samples

Figure 8. Frequency Measurement

LED Pulse Generation

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

TIDU455 August 2014

Figure 9. Pulse Generation for Energy Indication

TIDU455 August 2014

Single-Phase Electric Meter with Isolated Energy Measurement

Application Processor Software

a. Update LCD display to new