Discussion 1 (04.04.

2014)

dc generator ?
emf per parallel path generated voltage relation ?

A.C. Voltage
emf per parallel path = generated voltage

Compound generator ?

Armature reaction ?

commutation

critical field resistance ?

?
Rectifier ac voltage dc
Lap winding wave winding commutator pitch ?
Lap winding 1 wave winding pole pitch
d.c. ?
frequency , current per brush arm
heavier current carry winding ( wave lap) ?

Lap winding

Rifat Mizan Memory:

1. e.m.f produced in dc generator is independent ofa)conductor length b) armature velocity

c) turns of coil

2. Which one is not a part of electrical circuit of a dc machinea)brush

b) armature core
c) field coil

d) magnetic field strength

d) armature winding

3. The machine in which shunt field coil is connected across armature & series field isa)short shunt b) long shunt
c) separately excited
d) self excited
4. Generator losses are of types.

a)2

b) 3

5. Magnetic & mechanical losses are together known asa) core loss
b) constant loss
c) stray loss
6. Equalizer ring is used fora) lap winding b) wave winding

c)4

d) 5

d) variable loss

c) progressive winding d) retrogressive winding

7. Which one is not the reason for voltage production failure of a shunt generator?
a) absence of residual magnetism
b) less shunt field resistance
c) open circuit of shunt field
d)short circuit of shunt field

8. Which one is the condition for parallel operation of generators?

a) same terminal voltage of each
b) same polarity of each
c) same characteristics of each
d) all
9. E.m.f generation follows- a) Flemings right hand rule
c) Faradays law of electro-magnetic induction

b) Flemings left hand rule

d) all

10. Which one is not a method of improving commutation?

A) resistance commutation
b) e.m.f commutation c) field commutation

d) none

1 For What causes Separately excited Generator is better compared to Self-excited Generator?
Ans: more stable, exciting current is independent of load current, have better voltage control
2 In lap winding ,What will be the number of Brushes?
Ans Same as number of poles
3 What are the differences between a DC generator and an alternator?
Ans: In a DC generator field is static and armature is rotating, whereas in an alternator either field
or armature can be made rotating, usually field.
In DC generator generated alternating emf is rectified to DC by the arrangements of
commutator. This kind of arrangement is not required in alternator.
4. For the metal graphite brushes and for the carbon brushes what will be the Brush Contact Drop ?
Ans: The brush at first collects current from the commutator. Therefore, a contact drop occurs
across the brush. For the metal graphite brushes, this drop is 0.5 V and for the carbon brushes it
is 2.0 V
5. The resistance of the field coil is very low in Series-wound generator,Why?
Ans: Since the field carries the full-load current, it consists of relatively few turns of thick
wires,so the resistance of the field coil is very low. For Shunt-wound generator, the full terminal
voltage of the generator is applied across the field winding,so the resistance of the field coil is
very high.
6. Can a generator produce electricity ?
Ans: No, it can only creates a potential difference, which causes the flow the current.
7. When two DC Generator are running in parallel ,why we use an equilizer bar?
Ans: To pass approx. equal current to the load from two identical machine.
8 Can we consider A DC Generator as rotating amplifier?
Ans: Yes, We can

9 What does mean by flashing the field of a DC Generator?

Ans: Creating residual magnetism by a DC source
10 Magnetic neutral axis coincides with geometrical neutral axis on which condition?
Ans: when there is no load on the generator.
11 Lap winding is used for ..?
Ans: Low voltage, high current
12 By using what, Ripples in direct emf generated can be reduced?
Ans: Superior quality Carbon Brushes
13 Say the name of insulating material that is used between Commutator Segments?
Ans: Mica
14 For What causes Separately excited Generator is better compared to Self-excited Generator?
Ans: more stable, exciting current is independent of load current, have better voltage control
15. On what principle does the DC generator work?
Ans: The DC generator woks on the principle of Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.

Farah
Sl. No.
1

Question
The current in armeture conductor of a dc
machine is.

Answer
AC

The effect of armeture reaction is to

Decrese the total flux

A shunt generator gives its gretest voltage at

no-load

The dc generator that has poorest voltage is.

series generator

What are the two main requirements to be

met while connecting shunt generators in
parallel?

Necessary conditions for voltage build-up of a

shunt generator?

What are the magnetic losses in a dc

generaton?

Where the gretest eddy current loss of a dc

generator occurs?

(i) positive terminals must be connected.

(ii) terminal voltages must be same.
(i) presence of residual magnetism
(ii) shunt field coils should be correctly
connected to the armeture.
Hysteresis loss & Eddy current loss.
Armeture

A shunt generator has a full-load current 196A

at 220V with full-load efficiency 88%. Stray
losses are 720W and shunt field coil resistance
is 55 ohm. What is the value of armeture
resistance?

output= 220*196=43120W; input= 43120/0.88=

49000W; total loss=5880W; field curent=
220/55=4A; armeture current= (4+196)=200A;
Armeture Cu loss=(5880-720- 220*4)= 4280W;
Ra=4280/2202=0.107 ohm.

10

Current-versus time graph for an ideal

commutation is a
In a practical dc generator, mechanical
efficiency is.

Straight line.

11

more than electrical efficiency

Raton Chowdhury
1. Why armature winding is placed on the rotor of a D.C generator?
To facilitate commutation
2. What are the basic components of a D.C. generator?
Field Coil, armature core, armature winding, commutator, brush.
3. What is commutation ?
The process of converting the alternating voltage of a D.C generator in to D.C voltage,
4. What are conditions of connecting two generator in parallel ?
a) matching the polarity of the two machines
b) terminal voltage of them being same.
5. What happens when equalizer connection is not used in parallel operation of compound generator?
one of the machine starts working as motor.
6. What should be the field circuit resistance of a shunt generator for building up voltage?
should be less than or equal to critical resistance
7. What harmful effects are caused by armature reaction?
less voltage induced,sparking of brushes, reducing induced voltage, undue brush wear
8. External Characteristics curve shows the relation between which two?
Terminal voltage and load current
9. In which generator diverter is used?
Compound generator.
10. Voltage regulation of over compound generator is
Negative

Pravujit Roy
1. D.c generation generated voltage or current is
a)direct,
b) altenating,
) both

2.Commutator is a
a) mechanical rectifier

b) elecctrical rectifier

c) inverter

3. Magnetic field flux density high in the - point of the field magnet
a. knee
b.lead
c. middle
4.pole pitch is the ratio ofa. no of conductor and pole

b. no of pole and conductor

c. no of pole coil and no of pole

5.maximum e.m.f is induced in the coil when coil span is - electrical degrees
a. 90
b. 60.
c.180
d. 30
6.commutator pitch is the - between back pitch & front pitch
a. addition
b. difference
c. multiply

d. divided

7.wave winding is used for - voltage and - current

a. low, high
b. high, low
c. inverse, proportional
8.metal graphite brushes brush voltage is
a. 2v
b. .1v

c. .5v

d. proportional, inverse

d. 1v

9.series generator are not used for power supply because of their
a. rising characteristics
b. externa characteristic

c. internal characteristics

10.for charging batteries which type of generator is used?

a. shunt generator.
b. series generator

c. compound generator

Discussion

(0 .04.2014)

Shamma Tasnim
1. What will happen if the field ckt resistance is more than the critical field resistance in dc shunt
generator?
Ans: generator will fail to build up any voltage
2. what fix the speed of dc generator?

Ans: prime mover

3. to generate same voltage at half speed what should we do?

Ans: double the numbers of conductor on the armature or double the flux from the pole
4. what are the most important characteristics of dc generator?
Ans: a)open ckt characteristics b) internal or total characteristics c) external characteristics
5. what are the losses of dc generator?

Ans: cu loss, magnetic loss, mechanical loss

6. Stray loss consists of ?

7. the open ckt characteristics of a dc generator is also called ?

Ans: magnetic and mechanical loss

Ans: no load saturation characteristics

8. what is critical resistance of a shunt generator?

Ans: max value of shunt field resistance at a particular speed which excite the generator
9. what is critical speed of a shunt generator?
Ans: speed for which field resistance represent critical resistance
10. Main disadvantage of dc shunt generator is..
Ans: terminal voltage drops considerably with load
11. the nature of armature winding of a dc machine depends on
Ans: commutator pitch

Md Faruk Hossain Faruk

1. what is shown in occ of a dc generator?

generated emf at no load vs field current

2. voltage regulation of a overcompound dc generator is what?

Negative

3. at what condition a shunt generator gives greatest voltage?

no load

4. what insulating material is used in between commutator segment?

Mica

5. ideal dc generator voltage regulation is what?

Zero

6. if we increase field current of a dc grnerator , its emf out put will be what?
emf will increase untill magnetic saturation take place
7.how to restore destroyed residual magnetism ?

flashing field=connect shunt field to a dc source

8. the series field of a short shunt dc generator is excited by what?

9. what is the effect of armature reaction on main field flux?
10. the critical resistance of dc generator is resistance of what?

load current
decrease main field flux
shunt field resistance

Kazi Newaj Faisal

1. In a progressive winding Back pitch, YB__Front pitch, YF

Ans: >

2. Why Dummy coils is used?

Ans: To fill empty slots and to make the armature dynamically balanced.
3. Two identical generators are operating at same voltage in 50Hz and 60 Hz, which has larger core
eddy current loss?
Ans : 60 Hz.
4. A compensating winding is connected in_____ with armature.

Ans: series

5. True or False? Equalizer rings are not used in wave winding

Ans : true

6. Why O.C.C Curve for the separately excited DC Generator does not start with zero ?

Ans : Residual Magnetism.

7. In lap winding the number of brushes are (a) P/2 (b)P

(c)2

(d)None

8. If residual magnetism is not present in a d.c.generator,the induced e.m.f. at zero speed

(a) zero
(b) unpredictable
(c) 10% rated voltage (d) the same as rated voltage.
9. In a D.C. machine, fractional pitch winding is used
(a) to increase the generated voltage
(b) to reduce sparking
(c) to save the copper because of shorter end connections
10. In a D.C. generator the number of mechanical degrees and electrical degrees will be the same when
(a) r.p.m. is more than 300
(b) r.p.m. is less than 300
(c) number of poles is 4
(d) number of poles is 2

Md Abdul Wahed
1. Hysteresis loss in dc machine is directly proportional to _________ ?

speed

2. When a Shunt Generator gives its greatest voltage ?

at no load

3. Armature conductors of a 6 pole lap wound dc generator are devided into ____ parallel path?
4. In a lap winding the number of brushes required is equal to __________
5. DC machine which are subjected to abrupt changes of load are provided with
i) compensating winding
ii) interpole windings

no. of poles.

iii) equiliser

6. A dc machine is operated at a speed below the rated speed. What will happen ?
machine may be overheated due to (i)increased field current to produce rated voltage
(ii) decrease in fanning effect
7. Condition to be fulfilled for the parallel operation of two dc generator?
(i) terminal polarity must be the same
(ii) terminal voltage must be equal
8. Why the use of series generator is limited?
Initial portion of the ECC curve shows that terminal voltage
increases with the increase in load which is an unstable condition.
9. The greatest eddy current loss occurs in __________ of a dc machine ?

Armature

10. Full load terminal voltage = no load terminal voltage. Which type of compound dc generator is this ? flat
11. Why separately excited dc generator is not used?

separate dc source is required for field circuit.


field winding turn ?
Power circuits requires a ------ voltage that is provided by compound generator.

constant

winding flux , shunt winding flux

?
cumulatively compound
Power station ?

over compounded generator.

Cumulatively compounded generator winding turn load current

terminal voltage --------------
over compounded
Rated speed dc machine ?

overheating

hysteresis eddy current loss constant?

shunt generator compound generator.
hysteresis eddy current loss ?
hysteresis loss frequency
eddy current loss frequency
O.C.C. ?

Open Circuit characteristic

Pravujit Roy
1.what is the function of interpole?
their function is to assist commutation by producing the auxilary or commutating flux
2. can generator be reverse by reversing the connections between the armature and field coils?
No, in this connection the generator will not build up.
3.what is the commutator pitch of a 4-pole d.c generator armature having 29 commutator bars?
Yc=(29+1)or(29-1)=15 or 14
4.A 6 pole lap wound generator has 600 conductor , the emf on per conductor is 3v. the generated
voltage of the generator
no of conductor per parallel path = 600/6=100,
the generator voltage= 100*3=300V
5.what is the angle of lead?
the angle between the NNP and the commutating plane.
6.In electric railway which types of generator is used?

a. series

b. shunt

c. compound

7.In d.c generator the effect of armature reaction on the main pole flux is toa. reduce it
b. distort it
c. reverse it
d. both a and b
8. In d.c generator emf is directly proportional to the
a. field current
b. pole flux
c. no of parallel paths
9.Critical resistance is the resistance is the resistance of
a. field
b. armature
c.load
10.high current generator is suitable for
a. lap winding
b.wave winding

d. number of dummy winding

d. brushes

c. both a and b

1) Dc Generator er yoke ki diye toiri?
2) Ekti 4 pole dc machine er magnetic circuits ache kota?
3) Copper loss constant kon khetre?
a. sudhu series generator
b. sudhu shunt generator
c. shunt generator ebong compound generator uvoy e
d. kono tae noy
4) Eddy current power loss er sathe thickness of lamination er relation ki?
5) Dc generator er size reduce kora jay ki kore?
6) Hysteresis loss er sathe speed er ki relation?
7) Gretest percentage of heat loss dc machine e ki karon e hoy?
8) Same rating er ketre dc or ac kon machine er weight besi?
9) Triplex wave winding er parallel path er sonkha koto?
10) Armature winding er nature ki theke decide kora hoy?
11) Critical speed of a shunt generator bolte ki bujhen?
12) Dc machine rated speed er chaite kom speed e chalale ki hobe?
13) Amra keno slotted armature use kori?
14) Pole shoe er kaj ki ki?
15) Commercial efficiency er sutro ki?

---------------------------------------------------------------------ANSWER:
1. cast steel
2. 4 ta
3. Ans. C
4.directly proportional to square of thickness of lamination
5. magnetic material of high permeability use kore
6. Directly proportional
7. Copper loss
8. Dc machine
9. 6
10. Commutator pitch
11. that speed for which the given shunt field resistance represent critical resistance
12. Machine overheated hobe due to 1. Increased field current to produce rated voltage 2.decrease in
fanning action because of decrease of speed
13. Air gap reduce hoy so magneticcircuit er reluctance kome 2. Conductor properly place hoy
displacement er voy thake na 3.drag on the conductor kom hy,insulation affect hoy na
14. 1.flux ke spread out kore air gap er moddhe 2.field coil support kore 3. Reluctance of magnetic path
reduce hy
15. Ans. Commercial efficiency= mechanical efficiency x electrical efficiency

Raton Chowdhury
1. The no load voltage of a generator is 240V & rated voltage is 220V what is the voltage a) 9.1% b)-9.1%

2. Which is true? a) Yc=Yf-Yb

b)Yc= Yf=Yb
c) Yc= Yf~Yb
Where, Yc= commutator pitch, Yf= front pitch, Yb= back pitch
3. A 4 pole DC generator have .. poles
4. What is stray loss?
5. What are the constant and variable losses in a DC generator?
6. What happens to the terminal voltage of a compound generator when load increases?
7. Why generators get overheated?
8. Is higher permeability of the magnetic material is acceptable for generator?
9. What is critical speed?
10. What is the condition for maximum efficiency in generator?
1. a
2. c
3. 4
4. Iron & mechanical loss are called stray loss combined
5. iron, mechanical,shunt field losses are constant loss & armature Cu loss and series field Cu losses
are variable loss.
6. increases
7. when operated below rated speed.
8. Yes
9. The speed for which given shunt field resistance represents critical resistance.
10. Variable loss= constant Loss