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General Awareness Quiz
General Awareness Quiz
1. Through which constitutional amendment in article 359, it has been laid down that Fundamental Rights under
articles 20 and 21 are enforceable during the operation of emergency.
(A) 44th Amendment Act
(B) 46th Amendment Act
(C) 45th Amendment Act
(D) 48th Amendment Act
2. On whose satisfaction period of emergency shall be extended for operation in case security of India or any part of
the Indian territory is threatened.
(A) Prime Minister
(B) Home Minister
(C) President of India
(D) Vice-President of India
3. Article 20 of the Fundamental Rights represents which subject.
(A) Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
(B) Protection in respect of Conviction of Offence
(C) Protection of life and personal liberty
(D) None of the above .
4. Article 21 of the Fundamental Rights deals with which subject.
(A) Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech,
(B) Protection in respect of conviction of offence
(C) Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
(D) Protection of life and personal liberty
5. Who declares the financial emergency.
(A) President
(B) Prime Minister
(C) Finance Minister
(D) None of the above
6. After declaration of financial emergency by the President, what is the period of operation without approval by the
ParliamenT.
(A) Three Months
(B) Four Months
(C) Two Months
(D) One Month
7. Within what period, the Parliament has to approve Financial emergency declared by the
President
(A) Six Months
(B) Two Months
(C) Three Months
(D) Four Months
8. In Financial Emergency, salaries and allowances of which groups get reduction
(A) Central Government Employees
(B) Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts
(C) A & B
(D) None of the above
5.(A)
6.(C)
7.(B)
8.(C)
9.(C)
10.(D)
11.(A)
12.(D)
13.(A)
14.(B)
15.(D)
16.(D)
17.(D)
18.(A)
19.(B)
20.(C)
1. The president can be removed from his office before the expiry of his normal term
only on the recommendation of
A. the Supreme Court
B. the chief justice of India
C. council of ministers
D. the two Houses of Parliament
2. The new committee system constitutes an improvement over the earlier
committee system in so far as
A. it assures representation to all the political parties in proportion to their strength
in the Parliament
B. it enables the Parliament to examine the grants of all the ministries and
departments in detail
C. it enables the Parliament to accept the demands of various ministries without
scrutiny
D. None of the above
3. The members of the State Public Service Commission are appointed by the
A. chief minister
B. chief justice
C. governor
D. vice-president
4. The president can assign any of the functions of the union government to the
state government
A. in consultation with the chief justice of India
B. in consultation with the state governor
C. in his discretion
D. in consultation with the government of the state
5. Mainstream Nationalism in India
A. was characterized by Chauvinism
B. aimed at restoration of the Hindu state
C. had national socialism as its ultimate goal
D. aimed at emancipation from colonial rule
6. The minimum age required to become the prime minister of India is
A. 25 years B. 30 years C. 40 years D. 35 years
7. The objective of the Morley-Minto Reforms was
A. extension of provincial assemblies
B. to give more powers to local government
C. to abolish the post of secretary of the state for India
D. to establish diarchy in provinces
8. The oath of office is conducted to the president by
A. the speaker of Lok Sabha
B. the chief justice of India
C. the vice-president of India
D. None of the above
9. The members of the state legislative assemblies are elected for a period of
A. 2 years
B. 6 years
C. 5 years
D. 3 years
10. The office of the prime minister of India
A. rests on coronations
B. is created by the Parliament
D
B
C
D
5. D
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. D
a 1
1
B 1
2
B 1
3
C 1
4
D 1
5
A 1
6
D 1
7
D 1
8
B 1
9
1
0
C 2
0
(3) 6 years
(4) Permanent
4
3
4
4
1
4
1
2
1
3
COUNTRY
UK
FEATURE
Parliamentary form of government
Rule of law
Legislative procedure
Writs
Cabinet system etc.
Federal scheme
Public service commissions
Emergency provisions
Judiciary
Office of Governor etc.
COUNTRY
USA
FEATURE
Fundamental rights
Impeachment of President
Removal of judges
Judicial review
Independent judiciary
Office of vice president
Ireland
Canada
Australia
Concurrent list
Joint sitting of two houses of Parliament
USSR
(Now Russia)
Weimer Constitution
(Germany)
French constitution
South Africa
Japan
IMPOTANT DAYS
January
Francophonie
Lajpat Rai
Day
Achievers
March 25 --------- International Day of
February
February 4 --------- World Cancer Day
February 5 --------- Kashmir Day
February 6 --------- International Day against
Female Genital Mutilation
February 12 --------- Darwin Day
February 12 --------- World Day of the Sick
February 14 --------- Valentines Day
February 20 --------- World Day of Social
Justice
February 21 --------- International Mother
Language Day
February 22 --------- World Scout Day
February 23 --------- World Peaces and
Understanding Day
March
March 4 --------- World Day of the Fight
Against Sexual Exploitation
March 8 --------- International Womens' Day
March 13 --------- World Kidney Day
March 13 --------- World Rotaract Day
March 15 --------- World Consumer Rights Day
June
Abolition
September
Awareness Day
Labour
Aid Day
Day
October
July
Violence
Habitat Day
Day
day
August
Volta
Eradication of Poverty
Day
Abolition of Slavery
December 3 --------- International Day of
November
Day
Endurance
Against Corruption
Day
Broadcasting
Day
Day
December
Day
1.
(A) Mahaparinirvansutta
(B) Brahmajalasutta
(C)Dhammachakkapabattanasutta
(D) Kachchayanagottasutta
3.
(A) 3 months
5.
(B) 6 months
(C) 12 months
(D) 1 month
Multi-purpose river valley projects are the New temples of modern India.
Which one of the following observations is not true about the Quit India Movement of 1942 ?
7.
The present Somnath Temple located in the Kathiawar region of Gujarat is the seventh temple
Akbar built Fatehpur Sikri (city of victory) near Agra, commemorating the emperors conquest
of
(A) Gujarat
(B) Bengal
(C) Magadh
(D) Sindh
10. Name the Commander of the Arab army who conquered Sindh
(A) Qutbuddin Aibak(B) Allauddin Khilji(C) Muhammad bin Qasim
(D) Al Hazzaz
Answers:
1
10
4. Upper age limit for appointment as a judge of Supreme Court, Attorney General, Comptroller
General, member of Public Service Commission 65 years
5. Upper age limit for appointment as a judge of High court/ Advocate General/member of State
Commission 62 years
6. Minimum age limit for employment in a factory 14 years
7. Age between which education has been made a fundamental right 6 to 14 years
8. Minimum marriageable age for a male 21 years
9. Minimum marriageable age for a female 18 years.
11. Maximum period within which a person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be
produced before the nearest magistrate 24 hours
12. Maximum duration for which a Panchayat/Municipality shall function from the date
appointed for its first meeting 5 years
13. Maximum duration for which a member of a Public Service Commission may hold his office
subject to his not attaining the age of sixty-five years 6 years
14. Maximum duration for which a member of a State Commission may hold his office subject to
his not attaining the age of sixty-two years 6 years
1. Carbon, diamond and graphite are together called:
1. isomers
2. allotropes
3. isomorphs
4. isotopes
2. Permanent hardness of water, due to sulphates of the metal, can be destroyed by
the use of:
1. nitrates
2. zeolites
3. sulphonates
4. None of these
3. Which of the following metals remains in liquid form under normal conditions ?
1. Uranium
2. Radium
3. Zinc
4. Mercury
4. Diamond is harder than graphite because of:
1. difference of layers of atom
2. tetrahedral structrue of diamond
3. difference of crystalline structures
4. None of these
6. Bromine is
1. a colourless gas insoluble in water
3. carbon dioxde
4. carbon monoxide
14. Most soluble in water is
1. camphor
2. sugar
3. sulphur
4. common salt
ANSWERS:
1. 2
2. 2
3. 4
4. 3
5. 2
6. 4
7. 3
8. 3
9. 4
10.2
11.4
12.4
13.3
14.2
3. Limestone
4. Charcoal
6. Which of the following is referred as Brown Coal?
1. Cadmium
2. Lignite
3. Sodium
4. Calcium
7. Metals that are extracted from sea water?
1. Sodium and Magnesium
2. Iron and Calcium
3. Nickel and Chromium
4. Lead and Tin
8. Which metal is also called as Metal ofFuture?
1. Uranium
2. Plutonium
3. Titanium
4. Diamond
9. Who discovered Electron ?
1. J.J Thomson
2. Rutherford
3. Charles Darwin
4. Albert Einstein
10. Freon used as a refrigerant is chemically known as?
1. Fluorinated Hydrocarbon
2. Sodium Bicarbonate
3. Calcium Oxide
4. Bauxite
11. Paper is chemically known as?
1. Starch
2. Glucose
3. Fat
4. Cellulose
12. Plumbism is a disease caused by which substance?
1. Lead
2. Tin
3. Iron
4. Sulphur
ANSWERS
1. 1
2. 1
3. 3
4. 2
5. 1
6. 2
7. 1
8. 3
9. 1
10. 1
11. 4
12. 1
13. 1
14. 3
15. 1
1945
1946
1946
1947
[C]They are not charged the same for all income groups
[D]None of the above
7. For which of the following purpose is The Cabinet Committee on Investments
set-up ?
[A]To submit a report on the hurdles creating bottle-necks on the economy
[B]To boost big ticket investments and untangle red-tapism
[C]To fast track disinvestment in PSUs
[D]To attract foreign investment into India to attract foreign investment into India
8. Once a Budget has been presented in the Parliament, the government has to get
all moneybills related to the union budget passed within how many days?
[A]30 Days
[B]60 Days
[C]75 Days
[D]90 Days
9. Chit funds in India is governed by which of the following?
[A]RBI
[B]Central Government
[C]State Governments
[D]Local Bodies
10. India is worlds leading exporter of which of the following commodities?
1. Tea
2. Coffee
3. Sugar
4. Guar gum
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A]Only 1
[B]Only 1 & 3
[C]Only 3 & 4
[D]Only 4
11.The National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) enlists how may drugs?
[A]245
[B]348
[C]423
[D]367
12. What is termed as Market Capitalization?
1. Market capitalization is the product of total number of shares and stock price
2. Market capitalization changes daily
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
[A]Only 1
[B]Only 2
[C]Both 1 & 2
[D]Neither 1 nor 2
13. The Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme (M-SIPS) by government is
introduced for which sector?
[A]Electronic System Design and Manufacturing
[B]Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
[C]Hotel and Tourism Sector Investments
[D]Textile Industry
14. Recently, India and Saudi Arabia decided to set up a joint working group on the
Nitaqat lawplaced by the Saudi government. The Nitaqat law relates to:
[A]Labour Laws
[B]Marriage Laws
[C]Criminal Procedure Code
[D]Owning Property Rights
15. Recently, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) has launched an Islamic equity
index which isbased on:
[A]S&P BSE 500 index
[B]S&P BSE 200 index
[C]S&P BSE 100 index
[D]S&P BSE BANKEX
Answers
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. C
10.D
11.B
12.C
13.A
14.A
15.A
Geography Notes
Q1: Name the elements that determine the weather of a place.
Answer: Following are the important elements that determine weather of a
place:
Temperature
Rainfall
Air pressure
Wind Speed
Humidity
during
the
day?
(iv) Meteorological
(v) adaptation
(vii) elements
Q7: Name a few countries where tropical rain forests are present.
Answer: Countries where the tropical rainforests are found:
India
Malaysia
Republic of Congo
Indonesia
Kenya
Brazil
Uganda
Nigeria.
Q8: What is the role of the Meteorological Department of a country?
Answer: The Meteorological department collects data on temperature, wind,
etc., and prepares various kinds of weather reports.
It also makes the weather prediction.
It provides services to aviation sector like fog information.
It issues various national and zonal alerts like cyclone, tsunami information
etc.
It studies and identifies seismic activities and provides earthquake reports.
It helps farmers and agriculture sector by providing monsoon and rainfall
reports.
The department also use Satellite data to map patterns of heating and
cooling of various regions of the earth.
Q9: Name the instrument used to measure rainfall.
Answer: Rain gauge
Q10: What do you mean by Climate?
Answer: The average weather pattern taken over a long time, say 25 years,
is called the climate of the place.
Q11: Which of the two changes frequently, weather or climate?
Answer: Weather changes frequently. It is based on atmospheric conditions
(humidity, rainfall, wind speed etc.) in that place of that day. Climate is the
long-term average of a regions weather (e.g. 25 years).
Q12: What do you mean by adaptation?
Answer: The tendency of an animal (organism) to develop special features
which improve the chances of its survival in the surroundings where it lives is
called adaptation.
e.g. the thick coat of fur of polar bear is its adaptation to survive in polar/cold
region.
Q13: What is the relationship among climate, adaptation and
evolution?
Answer: Climate plays an important role on living organisms. It brings about
certain changes in the shape, structure and function of animal body so that it
can live and survive in those climatic conditions. These features and habits
that help animals to adapt to their surroundings are a result of the process of
evolution.
Q14: Following are some of the characteristics of animals:
(i) Diets heavy on fruits
(iii) Need to
migrate
(iv) Loud voice
(ix) Strong
tails
(x) Long and large beak
For each characteristic indicate whether it is adaptation for tropical
rainforests or polar regions. Do you think that some of these characteristics
can be adapted for both regions?
Answer:
(i) Diets heavy on fruits : tropical rainforests
region
(iii) Need to migrate : polar region
polar region
(vii) Wide and large paws : polar region
rainforests
(ix) Strong tails : tropical rainforests
rainforests
In general, the characteristics adapted are specific to a region only.
Q15: How do penguins keep themselves warm?
Answer: Penguins huddle together to keep themselves warm.
3. Its tusks are modified teeth which can tear the bark of trees for food.
4. Large ears of the elephant help it to hear even very soft sounds.
5. Large ears also help the elephant to keep cool in the hot and humid
climate of the rainforest.
Q21: A carnivore with stripes on its body moves very fast while
catching its prey. It is likely to be found in:
(a) polar regions
(b) deserts
(c) oceans
(d) tropical rainforests
Answer: (d) tropical rainforests
Q22: Which features adapt polar bears to live in extremely cold
climate?
(a) A white fur, fat below skin, keen sense of smell.
(b) Thin skin, large eyes, a white fur.
(c) A long tail, strong claws, white large paws.
(d) White body, paws for swimming, gills for respiration.
Answer: (a) A white fur, fat below skin, keen sense of smell.
Q23: Which option best describes a tropical region?
(a) hot and humid
(b) moderate temperature, heavy rainfall
(c) cold and humid
(d) hot and dry
Answer: (a) hot and humid
Q24: Which of the following is NOT an element of weather?
(a) Humidity
(b) Temperature
(c) Soil
(d) Rain
Answer: (c) Soil
Q25: What is camouflage?
Answer: Many tropical animals can blend their skin colour with the
luminous Spark, India 2020, Mission India, Indomitable Spirit, The Life Tree,
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,Guiding Souls : Dialogues on the
Lipika, Chandralika, Chitra, Geethanjali, Gora, Ghare, Broken Ties, Malini, Sacrifice, Two Sisters ,
Bhaire, Chaturanga ------- Rabindranath Tagore
Anil Padmanaban :- Kalpana Chawla A Life
Annie Besant :- Wakeup India
Barack Obama :- Dreams From My Father
Bill Clinton :- My Life
Chetan Bhagat :- The 3 Mistakes of My Life, Five Point Someone, Two States, Revolution 2020,
One Night at the Call Center, Half Girlfriend
Dr. Bimal Jalan :- The Future of India
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan :- Indian Philosophy
G.D. Khosla :- Last Days of Nethaji
Indira Gandhi :- My Truth
Jackie Chan :- My Life in Action
Jawaharlal Nehru :- Glimpses of World History
Jawaharlal Nehru :- The Discovery of India
Jonathan Swift :- Gulliver Travels
K. R. Malkani :- India First
Kalidasa :- Megdoot, kumarasambhava, Malavikagnimitra
Kautilya :- Arthashastra
Khuswant Singh :- We Indians, Train To Pakistan, Women and Men in My Life
Koutilya :- Arthashastra
L.K. Advani :- My Nation My Life
Lala Lajpat Rai :- Unhappy India
Leo Tolstoy :- War and Piece
Mahatma Gandhi :- My Experiments with Truth
Mrs. Indira Gandhi :- Eternal India
N.R. Narayan Murthy :- A Better India A Better World
Nandan Nilekani :- Imagining India
Narendra Modi :- Jyoti punj
The Cost of Living , Capitalism: A Ghost Story , Walking with the Comrades , God of
Narendra Modi Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Department of Atomic Energy,
Department of Space, All important policy issues and all other portfolios not allocated to any
Minister (Varanasi)
Rajnath Singh Home Affairs (Lucknow)
Sushma Swaraj External Affairs, Overseas Indian Affairs (Vidisha, MP )
Arun Jaitley Finance, Corporate Affairs, additional charge of Defence (Amritsar, lost the
elections, Rajysabha MP from Gujarat)
M Venkaiah Naidu Urban Development, Housing, Urban Poverty Alleviation, Parliamentary
Affairs (Karnataka (Rajya Sabha)
Nitin Gadkari Road Transport and Highways, Shipping (Additional charge Rural
Development, Panchayati Raj, Drinking Water and Sanitation) (Nagpur)
DV Sadananda Gowda Railways ( Bangalore North)
Uma Bharati Water resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation (Jhansi, UP )
Dr Najma Heptulla Minority Affairs ( Madhya Pradesh , Rajyasabha)
Ramvilas Paswan Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (Hajipur , Bihar)
Kalraj Mishra Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (Deoria, UP)
Maneka Gandhi Women and Child Development (Pilibhit, UP)
Ananthkumar Chemicals and Fertilizers (Bangalore South)
Ravi Shankar Prasad Communications and Information Technology Law and Justice
(Rajyasabha, Bihar)
Ashok Gajapathi Raju Civil Aviation (Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh)
Anant Geete Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (Raigad, Maharashtra)
Harsimrat Kaur Badal Food Processing Industries (Bathinda, Punjab)
Narendra Singh Tomar Mines, Steel, Labour and Employment (Gwalior, MP)
Jual Oram Tribal Affairs (Sundargarh, Odisha)
Radha Mohan Singh Agriculture (Purvi Champaran, Bihar)
Thaawar Chand Gehlot Social Justice and Empowerment (Rajya sabha from Madhya
Pradesh)
Smriti Irani Human Resource Development (Rajya Sabha MP from Gujarat)
Dr Harsh Vardhan Health and Family Welfare (Chandni Chowk , Delhi)
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1. Prithvi-I (SS-150)(Range: 150 km, Payload: 1000 kg, User: Army)
2. Prithvi-II (SS-250)(Range: 250 km - 350 km, Payload500 kg - 1000 kg, User: Air Force,
Army)
3. Prithvi-III (SS-350)(Range: 350 km - 600 km,Payload: 250 kg - 500 kg, User: Army, Air
Force, Navy)
4. Agni-I(Range: 700 1,200 km, Type: MRBM, User:Army, Air Force)
5. Agni-II(Range: 2,000 2,500 km, Type: IRBM, User:Army, Air Force)
6. Agni-III(Range: 3,000 5,000 km, Type: IRBM, User:Army, Air Force)
7. Agni-IV(Range: 2,500 3,700 km, Type: IRBM, User:Army, Air Force)
**CPU**
C-Cuba , P-Philippines , U-Uruguay
*****************************************
#### KRONE ####:
Mind Trick : denMARK on his norWAY to
receive Crown
1) Denmark
2)Norway
*****************************************
#### WON ####:
MindTrick : Koreas Won in the Battle
1)South Korea
2)North Korea
*****************************************
#### SHILLING ####:
Mind Trick: Shilling ko SUK
1) Kenya
2) Somalia
Ba-Bahrain , S- Serbia , T- Tunisia
3) Uganda
K-Kuwait
***************************************
**J-A-I-L***
#### EURO ####: BIG -FAN-PI SMS
J-Jorden, A-Algeria, I-Iraq, L-Libya
Mind Trick: BIG FAN of PI and wished
*****************************************
through SMS
#### DOLLAR ###: Li-Ne
Brunei
**BIG**
Namibia
B-Belgium, I-Ireland,
G-Germany
**Li-Ne**
**FAN**
Li-Liberia , Ne-New Zealand
F-France,
A-Austria,
N-Netherland
SiZE -Ca-Fi-T-E-A
**PI**
Si- Singapore , Z- Zimbabwe, E- Ecuador
P-Portugal, I-Italy
**Ca-Fi**
**SMS**
Ca-Canadian , Fi- Fizzi
S-Spain , M-Malta , S-Solvaria
**T-E-A**
*****************************************
T-Taiwan, E-Ethiopia , A-Australia
#### DINAR #### : BaST K J-A-I-L
*****************************************
Real or Riya
Brazil
Saudi Qatar Iran
Ten countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Hungary,Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom)
are EU members but do not use the euro, though Lithuania is due to adopt
the euro from 1 January 2015.
BULGARIA-Bulgarian lev
CROATIA-Croatian kuna
Czech Republic-Czech koruna
DENMARK-Danish krone
HUNGARY-Hungarian forint
LITHUANIA-Lithuanian litas
POLAND-Polish zoty
ROMANIA-Romanian leu
SWEDEN-Swedish krona
UK-UK Pound
Bandipur & Nagarhole National Parks, Karnataka Two of the most attractive national
parks of Karnataka are Nagarhole and Bandipur. Even if separate entities, they are a part of a
large neighboring wildlife reserve that also includes Madumalai Sanctuary of Tamil Nadu and
Wynad Reserve of Kerala.
Bhalukpong, Arunachal
For the energetic visitor, keen to experience of faraway Arunachal Pradesh, Bhalukpong is a
place to visit. On the edge of the luxuriant forest of the Pakhui Game Sanctuary, along the
Kameng river lies the village settlement of Bhalukpong, also known as the gateway to Bomdila
and the Tawang Monastery.
Simplipal National Park, Orissa
Simplipal is counted among the earliest Project tiger reserves of India and is located in the
northernforested belt of Orissa. Beside the faunal attractions, the attractive terrain also includes
numerous waterfalls.
Nandankanan Zoo, Orissa
A combination of a beautiful botanical garden, a zoo and a sanctuary, Nandankanan, is situated
20-km from Bhubaneshwar, and is popularly known as the Garden of Pleasure in Orissa. The
zoo at Nandankanan is world famous for its White Tigers.
Gahirmatha Turtle Sanctuary, Orissa
Aqua fauna is what going to attract you to this sanctuary, the breeding center of the Giant Olive
Ridley Turtles, who crossover the Pacific to come here and lay their eggs.
Namdhapha National Park, Arunachal
Tucked away in the northern most state of Arunachal, is the Namdhapa National Park, famous
for the extremely elusive snow and the clouded Leopard. The park is also a Tiger Reserve under
Project Tiger.
Velvadhar Blackbuck Sanctuary, Gujarat
Popularly known as the home of the Indian Black Buck, has attracted worldwide attention for
the successful conservation of the fastest of the Indian Antelopes Black Buck.
Wild Ass Sanctuary, Gujarat
Gujarat is an exciting place for wildlife enthusiasts, mainly because it resides some of the unique
wild attractions within its numerous sanctuaries. Wild Ass sanctuary is another of Gujarats wild
surprises famous for its large wild Ass herds.
Dachigam National Park, J&K
Of all the sanctuaries present in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, the one at Dachigam is the best
known. Once an exclusive hunting preserve of the Maharaja of Kashmir, it was declared a
national park in 1951, owing to a strictly enforced conservation programme, to preserve the or
Hangul population or theKashmiri Stag.
The Great Himalayan National Park, H.P.
The National Park with an area of 620-sq-kms is caved out of the splendid mountain terrain of
the Kullu District and has the representative area of temperate and alpine forests of Himachal. It
is also one of the largest protected area of the state.
Dibru Saikhowa National Park, Assam
Located on the alluvial flood plains of Brahmaputra in Upper Assam neighboring Arunachal is a
biosphere reserve called Dibru Saikhowa National Park Its also an orchid paradise besides being
a home to numerous wild animals and birds.
Milroy or Pabha Sanctuary, Assam
This splendid wildlife reserve even if doesnt have many faunal varieties to offer, still it possesses
the most coveted one, the Wild Water Buffalo.This sanctuary has been exclusively built for the
protection of the wild water buffalo.
Nameri National Park, Assam
Nameri is the second Tiger reserve of Assam, situated at the foothills of eastern Himalayas. The
hilly backdrop, deciduous and the river Jia Bhoroli have added a unique natural charm to it.
Pin Valley National Park, H.P.
Tucked in between the snow laden higher reaches and scree slopes covered with scanty tufted
vegetation, Pin Valley National Park forms the natural habitat of a number of endangered
animals including Himalayan Ibex, Snow Leopard, Bharal, Wooly Hare, Tibetan Wolf, and Snow
Cock.
Hemis High Altitude National Park, J&K
Hemis is a high altitude protected area that was created in the year 1981, in the eastern part of
the cold desert of Ladakh, for the conservation and protection of its unique flora and fauna.
National Movement (1920 to 1940)
National Movement of India: 1920 to 1940
Chauri Chaura Incident (1922)
(i) A mob of people at Chauri Chaura (near Gorakhpur) clashed with police and burnt 22
policemen on February 5, 1922.
(ii) This compelled Gandhiji to withdraw the Non Cooperation movement on Feb. 12, 1922.
Simon Commission (1927)
(i) Constituted under John Simon, to review the political situation in India and to introduce
further reforms and extension of parliamentary democracy. Indian leaders opposed the
commission, as there were no Indians in it.
(ii) The Government used brutal repression and police attacks to break the popular opposition.
At Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was severely beaten in a lathi-charge. He succumbed to his injuries
on Oct. 30, 1928.
Lahore Session (1929)
(i) On Dec. 19, 1929 under the President ship of J. L. Nehru, the INC, at its Lahore Session,
declared Poorna Swaraj (Complete independence) as its ultimate goal.
(ii) On Dec. 31, 1929, the newly adopted tri-colour flag was unfurled and an. 26, 1930 was fixed
as the First Independence Day, was to be celebrated every year.
Revolutionary Activities
(i) The first political murder of a European was committed in 1897 at Poona by the Chapekar
brothers, Damodar and Balkishan. Their target was Mr. Rand, President of the Plague
Commission, but Lt. Ayerst was accidentally shot.
(ii) In 1907, Madam Bhikaiji Cama, a Parsi revolutionary unfurled the flag of India at Stuttgart
Congress (of Second international).
(iii) In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla chaki threw a bomb on the carriage of kingford, the
unpopular judge of Muzaffapur. Khudiram, Kanhaiyalal Dutt and Satyendranath Bose were
hanged (Alipur Case).
(iv) In 1909, M L Dhingra shot dead Col. William Curzon Whyllie, the political advisor of India
Office in London.
(v) In 1912, Rasbihari Bose and Sachindra Nath Sanyal threw a bomb and Lord Hardinge at
Delhi (Delhi Conspiracy Case).
(vi) In Oct, 1924, a meeting of revolutionaries from all parts of India was called at Kanpur. They
setup Hindustan Socialist
Republic Association/Army (HSRA).
(vii) They carried out a dacoity on the Kakori bound train on the Saharanpur-Lucknow railway
line on Aug. 9, 1925.
(viii) Bhagat Singh, with his colleagues, shot dead Saunders (Asst. S. P. Of Lahore, who ordered
lathi charge on Lala Lajpat Rai) on Dec. 17, 1928. Then Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt
threw a bomb in the Central Assembly on Apr 8, 1929. Thus, he, Rajguru and Sukhdev were
hanged on March. 23, 1931 at Lahore Jall (Lahore Conspiracy Case) and their bodies cremated
at Hussainiwala near Ferozepur. In 1931, Chandrashekhar Azad shot himself at Alfred Park in
Allahabad.
Dandi March (1930)
(i) Also called the Salt Satyagraha.
(ii) Along with 78 followers, Gandhiji started his march from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12,
1930 for the small village Dandhi to break the salt law.
(iii) He reached the seashore on Apr. 6, 1930.
(iv) He picked a handful of salt and inaugurated the Civil Disobedience Movement.
First Round Table conference (1930)
(i) It was the first conference arranged between the British and Indians as equals. It was held on
Nov. 12, 1930 in London to discuss Simon commission.
(ii) Boycotted by INC, Muslim League, Hindu Mahasabha, Liberals and some others were
there.
Gandhi Irwin Pact (1931)
(i) Moderate Statesman, Sapru, Jaikar and Srinivas Shastri initiated efforts to break the ice
between Gandhiji and the government.
(ii) The two (government represented by Irwin and INC by Gandhiji) signed a pact on March 5,
1931.
(iii) In this the INC called off the civil disobedience movement and agreed to join the second
round table conference.
(iv) The government on its part released the political prisoners and conceded the right to make
salt for consumption for villages along the coast.
Second Round Table Conference (1931)
(i) Gandhi represented the INC and went to London to meet British P. M. Ramsay Macdonald.
(ii) However, the session was soon deadlocked on the minorities issue and this time separate
electorates was demanded not only by Muslims but also by Depressed Classes, Indian Christians
and Anglo Indians.
The Communal Award (Aug 16, 1932)
(i) Announced by Ramsay McDonald. It showed divide and rule policy of the British.
(ii) Envisaged representation of Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians, women and
even Backward classes.
(iii) Gandhi, who was in Yeravada jail at that time, started a fast unto death against it.