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Khóa Học Casio
Khóa Học Casio
2
( 3x 2 ) . A = 0
3
x 4 + 6 x3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x 1 = 0
Page
x4 + 6 x3 + 5x2 + 4 x 1
-Sa bt thnh (
)
x A
x 4 + 6 x 3 + 5 x 2 + 4 x 1 = 0 ( x 2 + 5 x 1)( x 2 + x + 1)
)(
V d 3: Gii pt: 2 x + 5x 4 x 10 x + 3 = 0
-Son bt VT v bm = ( ng qun bm =, ko sau g li m ra )
-SOLVE vi x=1, ra nghim lu vo A
-Sa bt thnh:
VT
, SOLVE ,=, ra nghim l, lu vo B
x A
VT
, SolVE,=, ra nghim l lu vo C
( x A)( x B )
-Tnh A.C p ko, p th tnh A+C, vi et ra pt bc hai c nghim l A,C. Khng p th tnh B.C
2
Mnh bm may mn ra: A.C=-1/2,A+C=-3/2 vy phn tch ra x +
3
1
x 2 x 2 + 3x 1
2
2
)(
Gii pt trn: 2 x 4 + 5 x 3 4 x 2 10 x + 3 = 0 2 x 2 + 3 x 1 x 2 + x 3 = 0
Ch : PP ny p dng cho pt bc cao hn c 4 nh, c mnh dn
5. Thc hnh: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1) x 4 + 6 x3 12 x 2 48 x + 32 = 0
2) x 6 + x5 2 x 4 + x3 2 x + x 3 = 0
3) x 2 + ( x 2 ) x 2 + 1 3 x 2 = 0
4) 3 x + 1 + 5 x + 4 = 2 x + 3
5) ( x + 1) 3 x + 1 5 2 x 1 + 6 x 2 x 1 = 5 x + 5
6) x3 + 8 = 3 x 2 8 x + 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Vd5: 2 3 3 x 2 + 3 6 5 x 8 = 0
-Bm SOLVE ra c x=-2, ta nhm nh sau:
) (
3x 2 + 2 + 3
6 5x 4 = 0
6 ( x + 2)
15 ( 2 + x )
6 5x + 2
3x 2 2 3 3x 2 + 4
=0
6
15
( x + 2)
+
=0
2
6 5 x + 2
3 3 x 2 2 3 3 x 2 + 4
6
Do x biu thc [] lun m. Vy pt c nghim duy nht x=-2
5
3 3 x 2 = a
2a + 3b 8 = 0
3
2
6 5 x = b 5a + 3b = 8
Cch khc: t
6 t2
6 5x = t 0 x =
5
18 3t 2
6 t2
3
2 = 8 3t 8
2 = ( 8 3t ) , pt bc 3
5
5
3 x + 1 6 x + 3 x 2 14 x 8 = 0
VD6:
3 ( x 5)
) (
3 x + 1 4 + 1 6 x + ( 3 x 2 14 x 5 ) = 0
x 5
+ ( x 5 )( 3 x + 1) = 0
3x + 1 + 4 1 + 6 x
+
3
1
( x 5)
+
+ ( 3 x + 1) = 0
3x + 1 + 4 1 + 6 x
1
Vi k: x 3 [...] > 0 . Vy pt c nghim duy nht x=5
3
VD7: x + 2 + x 2 x 2 3 x 2
-SOLVE ra nghim x=2, thay x=2 vo thy hai cn = nhau, nn nhm 2 cn vi nhau lin hp
+ x + 1 0
x + 2 + 3x 2
2
2
+ x + 1, x
3
x + 2 + 3x 2
Cui cng c: ( x 2 )
t: f ( x ) =
x + 2 + 3x 2
2
2 6
+2 +0 =
( bm
3
3
2
3
6
2.
=
( bm AC, -2:Ans=)
2
x + 2 + 3x 2
2 6
2
Suy ra: f ( x ) =
+ x + 1 > 0, 441 > 0 (bm +2/3+1=)
x + 2 + 3x 2
2:3+ 2 = )
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Suy ra:
2
x<2
3
VD8: (13 4 x ) 2 x 3 + ( 4 x 3) 5 2 x = 2 + 8 16 x 4 x 2 15
2
Bm SOLVE bt 16 x 4 x 15 xem c n p hay ko ? phn tch nhn t , ra x=1,5
Vy
16 x 4 x 2 15 =
t: a =
( 2 x 3)( 5 2 x )
2 x 3, b = 5 2 x , pt tr thnh h:
( 2b 2 + 3) a + ( 2a 2 + 3) b = 2 + 8ab
( h x)
2
2
a + b = 2
VD9: ( x + 2 )
) (
x2 + 4 x + 7 + 1 + x
x2 + 3 + 1 = 0
Nhn l bit dng xt hm, tm quan h hm, ta thay x s hng thc 2 thnh y, son bt
( x + 2) (
) (
x2 + 4 x + 7 + 1 + y
y2 + 3 +1
SOLVE, my hi Y? nhp 100=,my hi solve for x, bm = xc nhn, ra x=-102. on x=-y2 hay x+2=-y
t: a = x + 2, b = y
Ta c: a
) (
a2 + 3 + 1 b
VD10: x3 3x 2 3 x + 2
( x + 1)
=0
4 ( x + 1) = 0
Son bt VT, nh bm du = lu
SOLVE,vi x=1 cho ra nghim x=1,6180 STO A
VT
, solve tip ra x=-0,8284 STO B
x A
VT
Sa bt thnh
solve tip ( ch bm du = lin tc n khi my ht hi nh )
( x A)( x B )
Sa bt thnh
ra nghim-0,61803.STO C
2
Bm AC=-1.A+C=1 nn c nhn t x x 1
x 1) = 0
=0
a
b
a
+2=0
b
( x + 1)
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PT x3 x ( x + 1) + 2
( x + 1)
)( x
VT
, SOLVE = tip ta x=2, vy bt lin hp c nghim kp x=2
X 1
Sa thnh
x 1 + ax + b x 1 ( ax + b ) x 2 4 x + 4
a 2 x 2 + (1 2ab ) x b 2 1 x 2 4 x + 4
a 2 1 2ab b 2 1 a =
=
=
2
1
4
4
b = 0
, hay x 1
1
x ( do x=2 l nghim nn
2
2 1 + 2a + b = 0
1
f ( 2 ) = 0
a =
Lp 12 hc o hm ri th ta phi c:
1
2
+
a
=
0
f ' ( 2 ) = 0
b = 0
2 2 1
Tng
ta
tm
4 + 2c + d = 0
1
c =
( x 4 ) 3x 2 + cx + d 3.2 2 + 2 4
3
2
+
c
=
0
(
)
d
=
5
2 3.2 2
x
Hay ( x 4 ) 3x 2 + 5
2
) (
) (
Vy PT tng ng: x 2 4 x + 4 5
x 1 x + 2 ( x 4 ) 3 x 2 x + 10 = 0
( x 2 4 x + 4 ) 1 +
3 ( 4 x 19 )
5
x 1 + x
2 ( x 4)
=0
3 x 2 + x 10
Cch khc:
Nhm thnh cc bnh phng nhn x=2 lm nghim:
x 1
2 ( x 4)
)
3 x 2 ( 3 x 2 + bx + c )
x 1 + a
a) ( x 2 + 2 x 2 ) 3 x + 1 + x3 2 x 2 + x 2 = 0
b) ( 2 x 2 4 x 6 ) x 1 + x 3 x 2 9 x + 20 = 0
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c) x 3 + ( 3 x 2 ) x 1 7 x + 2 = 0
d ) x 2 + 5 x + 20 + 3 x 2 + 16 x 60 = 5 x 2 + 5 x + 100
e)7 x 2 + ( 3x + 4 ) 5 x 2 + 6 + 3 x + 1 = 0
f ) ( x 7 ) 2 x + ( x 3) 2 + x + 4 x 2 = 5 x 14
g )16 x 3 + 6 x = ( 6 x + 13) 3 x + 5
h) 2 x 3 + 4 x 2 + 1 = x + 4 x + 6 + 2 x 4 x
VD13:
a ) x 2 + 12 x 2 + 5 = 3 x 5
b) 3 x 2 1 + x = x 3 2
c) x 2 + x 1 = ( x + 2 ) x 2 2 x + 2
d ) 2 x + 4 x + 2 x 5 = 2 x 2 5x
e) x + 2 + 5 x + 6 + 2 8 x + 9 = 4 x 2
f )2 x 1 + 5 x 1 = x 2 + 1
g )4 x + 2 + 22 3 x = x 2 + 8
h) ( x + 1) x + 2 + ( x + 6 ) x + 7 = x 2 + 7 x + 12
t ) x3 3x + 1 = 8 3x 2
u)
2 x 1 5x + 4
1
+
=
3x + 1
6
x + 3 +1
g ( x ) dng
g ( x ) + mx + n , m,n tha mn
g ( a ) + ma + n = 0
m =
2
2
g ( x ) ( mx + n ) ( x a ) ( ti le he so ) n =
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VD: f ( x ) = 6 x 4 47 x 2 ( 2 x + 4 ) 5 x + 6 + 9 x + 106 = 0
f ' ( x ) = 24 x 3 94 x 2 5 x + 6
5 ( 2x + 4)
+9
2 5x + 6
4 + 2a + b = 0
a=
5 x + 6 + ax + b = 0
8
5 x + 6 + ax + b = 0
a 2 5 2ab 6 b 2
2
2
=
=
b = 11
5 x + 6 ( ax + b ) ( x 2 )
4
1
4
4
Vy bt lin hp l:
5
11
5x + 6 x
8
4
Gii: Ta c
f ( x ) = 6 x 4 47 x 2 ( 2 x + 4 ) 5 x + 6 + 9 x + 106 = 0
5 x 11
5 x 11
6 x 4 47 x 2 + 9 x + 106 ( 2 x + 4 ) + ( 2 x + 4 ) 5 x + 6 = 0
8 4
8 4
2 1
x + 2
( x 2 ) ( 24 x 2 + 96 x + 95 ) + 25
= 0 x = 2
32
4
Bi luyn: a) 7 x 2 2 ( x + 2 ) 5 x 2 + 4 + 2 x + 9 = 0 b)
16 x 5 + 64 x 4 + 36 x3 44 x 2 18 x 4 2 x + 3 + 19 = 0
Bui 5: Phn tch nhn t pt hai n x v y ( gii h ) ( ngun bi tp t VH)
My tnh gii c pt mt n, nn vi pt nhiu(n) n, my i nhp (n-1)n, v tm n cn li. S u
tin cac bn t tm hiu ( vd x v y th my yu cu cho y, tm x)
i vi bt hai n: f(x,y) ,ta thay mt gi tr Y, v my s tm ra gi tr X tng ng. T mi quan h ny ta
c th d on mi quan h gia X v Y.
Ch khi cho Y , v gi tr khi u X, phi thuc k xc nh ( nu ko my bo li )
B1: Son bt f(x;y)
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My s tm ra X ( nu c )
Vd1:
( ng Vit Hng )
2
x + 2 y x + 2 = 2 x 3 y
x + x xy + y = 2 xy + xy y ( x y ) +
1
2
( x y ) 1 +
x 2 xy + xy y 2
( x y)
x 2 xy + xy y 2
=0
=0 x= y
x 2 y + y2 + x 2 y + 4 = y + 2
VD2:
( DVH )
2
2
x
16
y
+
4
=
y
x
+
B1-Son bt:
x 2 y + y 2 + x 2 y + 4 ( y + 2)
x 2 y + y 2 + x 2 y + 4 ( y + 2) = 0
x 2y
x 2 y + y2 + y
) (
x 2 y + y2 y +
x 2y + 4 2 = 0
x 2y
1
1
= 0 ( x 2y)
+
=0
x 2y + 4 + 2
x 2 y + 4 + 2
x 2 y + y 2 + y
Page
2
2
y 2)
(
2
2
x y + 3 y + 2 x + 1 = y +
Vd3:
y 2 y 1
xy + 4 x + 4 y 2 = ( 4 x + 6 ) 4 x + 1
x= y
( y 2)
x y + 3y + 2 x +1 = y +
y 2 y 1
x2 y + 2 y y 2 + 2 x2 + 1 2 y 1 = 0
y ( x + 2 y) +
2
2
= 0 ( x2 + 2 y ) y +
= 0 y = x2 + 2
x2 + 1 + y 1
x 2 + 1 + y 1
2 ( x2 + 2 y )
Luyn :
2y 2
3 x y + 4 x + 4 = x + 1
vd3
3 y + 12 x + 3 = y + 2 2 x + 4 1
2 y ( x y + 1) + ( x y + 2 ) x + 3 y = 4 y 1
Vd4:
2
x + 2 y 6 + x + 3 = 2 x + y + x
x + 1 = 2 y + ( 2 x + 2 y 1) x + 3 y + 1 3x 2 x + y + 2
Vd5:
2
2
3 x + 3 + 2 x = x + 4 y + 3
3 3y2 5 = x 2 +1
VD1:
2
2
( x + y 3) x + y + 5 = ( 2 x 3) 2 x + 5
B1: Son bt VT-VP ca pt hai, solve vi y=100- x=10000, suy ra x=y2 hay 2x=x+y2
3x 5 = x 2 + 1
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x + y 2 = 2 x x = y 2 . Thay vo pt1:
Vy hm s c trng l: f ( t ) = ( t 3) t + 5 , pt c dng f x + y 2 = f ( 2 x )
x 6 + 3 x 2 y 2 = x3 y 3 + 3 xy 3 ( x 6 x 3 y 3 ) + 3 ( x 2 y 2 xy 2 ) = 0 x 3 ( x3 y 3 ) + 3 xy 2 ( x y ) = 0
x = y
( x y ) x 3 ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) + 3 xy 2 = 0 x ( x y ) x 2 ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) + 3 y 2 = 0
x = 0
3
x2
x2
x2
x = 0
x2
Cch 2: Chia hai v cho y : + 3 = x 3 + 3 x f = f ( x )
=x
y
x = y
y
y
y
4
3
2
2
7
+
+
4
+
+ 3 9x + 9 = 0
x
y
(
)
2
y +4
VD3:
(VH)
4 x + 1 + xy y 2 + 4 = 0
4
B1: Khai thc pt1 bng casio: y=1=>x=-0,8 = ( kh on h )
5
4
Cho y= 12 ( t bit v sao nh ) cho ra x=-0,25, on x = 2
y +4
3
16 ( x + 1) + x 2 y 2 ( y 2 + 4 ) = 0 x ( y 2 + 4 ) + 4 ( xy 2 ) + 16 ( x + 1) 4 xy 2 = 0
x ( y 2 + 4) + 4 = 0
2
2
2
x ( y + 4 ) + 4 ( xy ) + 4 ( xy + 4 x + 4 ) = 0
xy 2 + 4 = 0
( cc bn bit ch mu y t u ri ch )
x 2 y 4 + 4 x 2 y 2 + 16 x + 16 = 0
Cch khc: Xt pt bc hai n x:
' = 4 x 4 x 2 (16 x + 16 ) = 4 x 2 ( x 2 )
( p )
1 3x + 4
2
x + 3y +1 = y y + x +1
VD4:
9 y 2 + 3 7x + 2 y + 2 = 2 y + 3
x +1 = y
x + 1 x = a 1
2
1 3a 2 + 1
1
1
a 2 3a = y 2 3 y f ( a ) = f ( y ) a = y
Pt1 tr thnh: a + 3 y = y +
y
a
a
y
2
)(
x ( x 2 + 4 ) + 1 = y + 3 3x 2 + y
4)
2
6 x + 2 y + 10 x 16 x + 4 = 0
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2 x + 3 2 x y = y + 4
1) 2
2
x2 + 1 x = 1
x y 1 + y + 1
10
Luyn:
2x +1
x2 + x + 1
=
y2 + 3
2y
2)
y + 3 2 x y + 3 = 12 x 8
9 x 2 + 16
y3 + 3
2 x 2 y + 3 = 3 3
x +3
3)
2
2 y 3x + 2 y + 1 = 2
6x 5
1
4 y +1
= 2 x2 4 + 2
x2 +
y
y
5)
2
2
2
2
2 x y x = x + 1 2 x y 4 y + 1
( x 2 + 4 ) ( x 2 ) y 1 + 2 = y 2 2 y + 15
6)
y 10 x + 11 + x 5 x 6 = 0
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11
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