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Enthalpy of Combustion Updates2015
Enthalpy of Combustion Updates2015
Practical#
Name:YuichiroSuzuki
Date:May
Determiningstandardenthalpychangesofcombustionforalcohols
Aimandintroduction
Youwilluseasimpleflamecalorimetertomeasure,withthegreatestpossibleaccuracy,thestandard
enthalpiesofcombustionofseveralalcohols.Youwillberequiredtorecordyourresultsandthencarryout
thenecessarycalculationstodeterminethestandardenthalpyofcombustionforthefouralcohols:
methanol,ethanol,propan1olandbutan1ol.Youshouldthenuseyourprocesseddatatoestimate
(graphically)thestandardenthalpyofcombustionofpentan1ol.
Youarerequiredtowriteanappropriateconclusiontoyourexperimentandevaluatetheprocedure.
YouwillbeassessedontheIBcriteria
Analysis
and
Evaluation
.Makesurethatyouunderstandthe
aspectsofeachcriterionbeforeyoustartwritingupyourlab.
Procedure
3
1. Filltheconicalflaskwith100cm
ofwater.Clamptheflaskatasuitableheightsothatthespirit
burnercanbeeasilyplacedbelow.
2.
Weighthespiritburner(andlid)containingthealcohol.
3.
Recordtheinitialtemperatureofthewaterusingthethermometer.
4.
Placethespiritburnerundertheconicalflaskandlightthewick.
5.
Allowthealcoholtoheatthewatersothetemperaturerisesbyabout40C.
6.
Replacethecaptoextinguishtheflame.
7.
Reweighthespiritburnerandcap.
Safety
Weareyeprotection.Donotopenthespiritburner.
Analysis
Useyourresultstofindthestandardenthalpyofcombustionforeachofthefouralcoholsusedinthe
experiment.Usingyourprocesseddatagoontofindanestimateofthestandardenthalpyofcombustionof
pentan1ol.
Evaluation
CheckyourIBmarkingformfordetailsofwhatyouneedtodo!
IBChemistry
Practical#
Name:YuichiroSuzuki
Date:May
RawData:
Typesof
Alcohols
Amountof
waterused
3
(cm
)+/0.5
Initial
temperatureof
o
water(
C)+/
0.5
Final
temperatureof
o
water(
C)+/
0.5
Initialmassof
alcoholwith
thecontainer
(g)+/0.01
Finalmass
alcoholwith
thecontainer
(g)+/0.01
Butanol
100.0
25.5
65.5
212.38
210.20
Methanol
100.0
30.0
70.0
202.33
200.96
Ethanol
100.0
25.0
65.0
209.14
207.62
1propanol
100.0
28.5
68.5
201.42
199.95
QuantitativeObservations:
Qualitativeobservationforbutanol:
bottomoftheGlassisburning
darkeningofcolor
bubbling
strangeodor
largerflame
Qualitativeobservationformathanol:
flaskisfogging
o
steamat54
C
ethanol
yellowishorangeflame,alittlebitofblue
=>nottoohotflame
burntodor
waterbubblesat58oC
1propanol
yellowishorangeflame,alittlebitofblue
=>nottoohotflame
burntodor
longerflamethanethanol
BalancedEquations:
Butanol
C
H
OH+60
5H
O+4CO
4
9
2
2
2
Methanol
CH
OH+ 32 O
2H
O+CO
3
2
2
2
Ethanol
C
H
OH+3O
3H
O+2CO
2
5
2
2
2
propan1ol
C
H
OH+5O
5H
O+3CO
3
9
2
2
2
ProcessedData:
ChangeinT
Changein
Mass
RMM
Q(J)
mol
kJ/mol
Butanol
40
2.18
C4H9OH
74.26
16720
.0295
567
Methanol
40
1.37
CH3OH
32.05
16720
0.0428
391
Ethanol
40
1.52
C2H5OH
46.08
16720
0.033
507
propan1ol
40
1.47
C3H9OH
62.13
16720
0.0245
682
IBChemistry
Practical#
Name:YuichiroSuzuki
Date:May
SampleCalculation:
HeatEnergyofWater
Q=mcT
o
Q=100g4.1840.0
C
Q=16720J
EnthalpychangeofButanol
H=Q/n
H=16.720kJ/0.0295mol
H=567kJ
PercentUncertaintyofMethanol
Uncertaintyofmassbalance:
0.01g
ChangeinMassofMethanol:
1.37+/0.02g
Percentuncertaintyofmass:
(0.02/1.37)*100=
1.46%
Uncertaintyofthermometer:
o
0.5
C
ChangeinTemperatureof
o
Methanol:40+/1
C
Percentuncertaintyof
Temperature:(1/40)*100=
2.5%
Uncertaintyofmeasuring
3
cylinder:100cm
3
VolumeofWater:100cm
+/0.5
Percentuncertaintyofwater:
(0.5/100)*100=
0.5%
TotalPercentUncertaintymethane:1.45%+2.5%+0.5%=4.464.5%
Graph:
IBChemistry
Practical#
Name:YuichiroSuzuki
Date:May
Analysis:
Accordingtomyexperiment,thetrendbetweenEnthalpychangeandRMMcanbeexpressedby:
y=5.1233x+261.99,ybeingtheenthalpychangeandxbeingtheRMM
Usingthisequation,IamabletoestimatetheenthalpyofcombustionofPentan1ol(C5H11OH).
y=5.1233(88.17)+261.99
y=713.7
Thustheestimatedstandardenthalpyofcombustionofpentan1olis714kJ/mol
Percentuncertainty
Butanol
3.9%
Methanol
4.5%
Ethanol
4.3%
Propan1ol
4.4%
ExperimentalError
={[714kJ/mol(3509kJ/mol)]/3509kJ/mol} 100
=80%
IBChemistry
Practical#
Name:YuichiroSuzuki
Date:May
Evaluation:
Systematicerrors
1. Heatislosttothesurrounding
a. weassumedthatthealloftheenergyismakingthecombustion.
2. Carbonisproduced(evidentbytheblackstuffonthebottomandblackgas)
3. Heatcapacityofbeakerandothermaterials
4. Themassofwatermightnothavebeenconstantthroughouttheheatingprocess.Someofthe
watermighthaveevaporatedoff,suggestingamassloss.Thiswouldthengivedifferentresults.
Improvements
Considertheheatcapacityofthematerialsandcalculatethem
Useshieldstohelpreduceheatlosstothesurrounding
Increasethenumberoftrialsforeachalcoholandtaketheaverageoftheresultstoincreaseaccuracy
Useinsulatortokeeptheheatfromgoingoutoftheflask
Useastopperwithaholesothattherewillbelesswaterevaporated
Inadditiontothesystematicerrors,Ihadanoutlierthatinfluencedmydataquiteabit.ThusifIthe
secludedthisoutlier,theerrorwillbemuchless.Thisisthegraphofthosepointssecludingtheoutlier.
Nowthatthegraphhaschanged,theslopechangedaswell.ThenewtrendbetweenEnthalpychangeand
RMMcanbeexpressedby:
y=9.7035x+72.995,ybeingtheenthalpychangeandxbeingtheRMM
Usingthisequation,newestimateoftheenthalpyofcombustionofPentan1ol(C5H11OH)is:
y=9.7035(88.17)+261.99
y=1117.5
Thustheexperimentalerrorwillbereducedto:
={[1117.5kJ/mol(3509kJ/mol)]/3509kJ/mol} 100
=68%
Asyoucanseethetheexperimentalhasreducedby12%.Thissuggeststhatifwedidtheexperimentagain
forbutane,whichwastheoutlier,andgetanaccurateresult,theerrorwillminimizeevenmore.