What is Transformator ???

Transformator or Trafo is an electrical device that serves to change the

amount of voltage. A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two
or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. A varying current in the transformer's primary
winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the
secondary winding. This varying magnetic field at the secondary induces a varying electromotive
force (EMF) or voltage in the secondary winding. Making use of Faraday's Law in conjunction
with high magnetic permeability core properties, transformers can thus be designed to efficiently
change AC voltages from one voltage level to another within power networks.

The Formula of Transformator

The number of coil (N) directly proportional with Voltage (V), but inversely
proportional
With the current (I)

Np Vp Is
= =
Ns Vs Ip

Eficiency ( ) =

Ps
X 100
Pp

Transformers are very efficient. If it is assumed that a transformer is 100% efficient (and this is a
safe assumption as transformers may be up to 99% efficient) then the power in the primary coil
has to be equal to the power in the secondary coil, as per the law of conservation of energy.
Power in primary coil = Power in secondary coil

Characteristics of Transformator

 Primary Winding of transformer - which produces magnetic flux when

it is connected to electrical source.
Magnetic Core of transformer - the magnetic flux produced by the
primary winding, that will pass through this low reluctance path linked with
secondary winding and create a closed magnetic circuit.
Secondary Winding of transformer - the flux, produced by primary
winding, passes through the core, will link with the secondary winding.
This winding also wounds on the same core and gives the desired output
of the transformer.
Characteristics Of Ideal Transformer
Zero winding resistance: It is assumed that, resistance of primary as well as
secondary winding of an ideal transformer is zero. That is, both the coils are
purely inductive in nature.
Infinite permeability of the core: Higher the permeability, lesser the mmf
required for flux establishment. That means, if permeability is high, less
magnetizing current is required to magnetize the transformer core.
No leakage flux: Leakage flux is a part of magnetic flux which does not get linked
with secondary winding. In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that entire amount
of flux get linked with secondary winding (that is, no leakage flux).
100% efficiency: An ideal transformer does not have any losses like hysteresis
loss, eddy current loss etc. So, the output power of an ideal transformer is
exactly equal to the input power. Hence, 100% efficiency.

The Type and Function of

Transformator
Step Up Transformator (Np<Ns)
The function of Step Up Transformator is to Increase the AC voltage and Current
in circuit.
On a step-up transformer there are more turns on the secondary coil than the
primary coil. The induced voltage across the secondary coil is greater than the
applied voltage across the primary coil or in other words the voltage has been
stepped-up.

Step-down Transformer (Np>Ns)

The function of Step Down Transformator is to Decrease the AC voltage and

Current in circuit.
A step down transformer has less turns on the secondary coil that the primary coil. The induced
voltage across the secondary coil is less the applied voltage across the primary coil or in other
words the voltage is stepped-down.

The Used of Transformator

Transformers are used to increase voltage before transmitting electrical
energy over long distances through wires. By transforming power to a
higher voltage transformers enable economical transmission of power and
distribution. Consequently, transformers have shaped the electricity
supply industry, permitting generation to be located remotely from points
of demans.
Transformer (transformer) used in electrical equipment, especially that
require changes or adjustments magnitude of alternating voltage. Eg radio
requires 12 volts when the voltage of electricity 220 volts, it would require
a transformer to convert alternating voltage to 220 volts alternating
voltage of 12 volts. Examples of power tools that require a transformer
are: TV, computers, copy machines, electrical substations, and so on.