ASSIGMENT

Genetic Molecular
The Difference Between
Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic
Transcription

Muhammad Asnur Yenre

121 444 1 022
Biology ICP B

The Difference Between

Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic
Transcription
There are many significant differences betweenprokaryotic and Eukaryotic
DNA replication. One of the differences is the complexity of the process of
replication of eukaryotic cells compared to the relativesimplicity of the process of
replication of prokaryoticcells. The other big difference is the speed at
whichreplication takes place.
Because prokaryotic cells have a simpler structure than the eukaryotic cell,
a prokaryotic cell DNA replication process is simpler. For one, the prokaryotic
cells have no nucleus where the genetic material is found. Replication occurs in
the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, while replication occurs in the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells.
Replication in prokaryotic cells is limited to one place, while there are
more than 1,000 in eukaryotic cells. At prokaryotic cells, replication occurs one
point at a time, while the eukaryotic replication occurs at all points
simultaneously. In addition, prokaryotic cells have only one branching replication
while eukaryotic cells have many branching replication. Prokaryotic cell
chromosome does not have chromatin,
while the chromosome makes up the bulk of
the eukaryotic cell.
Finally, a prokaryotic replication
occurs rapidly while eukaryotic replication
slow. The speed at which the prokaryotic
cells seen in the rapid growth of bacteria.
And for lei clear distinction transcription
phase of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are
as follows :

Prokaryotic transcription
Transcription in prokaryotic cells has four phases: binding, initiation,
elongation and termination. Strand RNA synthesis is catalyzed by an enzyme
called RNA polymerase. The binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter
sequence is the first step in transcription. In the bacterial cell, there is only one
type of RNA polymerase that synthesizes all classes of RNA: mRNA, tRNA and
rRNA. RNA polymerases found in Escherichia coli (E-coli) is composed of two
subunits and subunits and two sigma factors.
When these sigma factors bind to the promoter DNA sequence resulted in
the opening of untak DNA double helix, initiation takes place. Using one strand of
DNA as a template, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA strand which moves along
the DNA helix strand open little by little. This RNA strand grows from 5 'to 3'
short-form hybrids with DNA strand, and the so-called elongation. This
lengthening stopped by a special sequence called transcription termination signal.
In prokaryotes, there are two types of termination, termination factor dependent
and intrinsic termination. Termination factor Rho factor depending on the needs
and intrinsic termination occurs when the template contains a short GC-rich
sequences near the 3 'end after a few Uracil bases.
Transcription in eukaryotes
Transcription in eukaryotic cells also have the same four stages as in
prokaryotes; ie binding, initiation, elongation and termination. However, the
process is more complex transcription in eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells,
three types of RNA polymerase happen to catalyze the synthesis of RNA from
DNA template strand. RNA polymerase is denoted as I, II, III, and is different
from the location and type of RNA that synthesizes them. The polymerase then
binds to the promoter DNA with the help of transcription factors. Opening into
single-stranded DNA helix, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA strand.
Once the RNA polymerase has been limited by the promoter DNA
sequence resulted in the opening of the double helix of DNA, initiation takes
place. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA strand moves along the DNA helix
strand open. This RNA strand grows from 5 'to 3' short-form hybrids with DNA
strand and called elongation. This lengthening stopped by a special sequence
called transcription termination signal. Termination is controlled by a variety of
different signals to the enzymes involved.