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BAlcoh and Pathan PDF
BAlcoh and Pathan PDF
BAlcoh and Pathan PDF
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BY
EDWARD
E.
OLIVER,
ILLUSTRATED BY
J.
L.
KIPLING, CLE.,
&c., &c.
Limited
354-5
CONTENTS.
PAOE
CHAP.
II.
BiLOCHI.STAN
18
III.
27
IV.
35
j^.
VI.
Two
"
VIII.
IX.
13
X.
XI.
54
63
75
87
Afghan
Traditions
46
1 ?60422
96
103
112
118
CONTENTS.
vi
CHAP.
XIV.
B.VNNlf
AND
TlIK
PAGE
126
BaNNUCHI
SlIOIlT
CllUKCH
134
XVI.
141
\J
XVIII.
v/
Pathax
.\IX.
.\
'
.\XI.
XXII.
XXIII.
167
183
An Afridi Feud
191
195
Position
206
XXV.
XXVI
X.WII.
172
159
r.vrHAN Surprise
W. KOHAT
149
FitzHardy's Murderer
214
Pa.st
223
Domestic. Borderer
232
237
245
/ XXX. Tribal
^ XXXI.
'
XXXII. .Swat,
252
Jirgahs
XXXIV. A Border
Pope
'
258
266
274
280
CONTENTS.
CHAP.
XXXV. ArosTLES
PAQE
of Insu]irection
XXXVII.
Pathan Toetry
XXXIX. A
Bit of Yaoiiestan
INDEX
vii
286
292
302
.311
320
330
337
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
"To Kandahar."
From
^^
hills of Bilochistan."
Shams-i-Tabrez, of Multan.
From
The
On
A Mian
From
saint.
fruit-seller."
From
40
42
From
a photograph
66
72
a Punjabi lithograph
Drawn from
Khel Glulzai
life
80
in an Indian bazaar
From
84
a Punjabi lithograjjh
...
From a photograph
Sketched from
52
60
a photograph
a Punjabi lithograph
From
19
23
a Punjabi lithograph
a photograph
a Punjabi lithograph
From
at Fort Muin-oe
"
From
Chaman
An
a photograph
From
Chaman
a photograph taken at
Laghari Biloches.
of the Kdfila.
7
93
103
life
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
From
110
a photograph
117
Border
From
fruit-seller.
137
From
flasks.
An
distinguished Guides-man.
the Khans.
From
Siddhartha,
164
life
trying
Killed
From
148
152
Sketched from
Orakzai Pathan.
Prince
Kurram Valley
photograph
Afghanistan.
the
From
128
a photograph
Wygram
save
Battye,
in
176
of Kapilavastu, before
colossal figure
to
a photograph
....
203
now
in the Lahore
Museum
214
In the upper scene the prince rests on a couch with his wife,
asleep,
Now
in the Lahore
to steal
away without
Museum
222
Used instead
223
of finger-glasses
Peshawur
cooking
bowl
and
spoons.
Tinned
and graven
copper.
The
handles of the spoon.s, which are 18 inches long, are covered with
on)amentation
(Sliaikh Budin).
Shcrdil, a representative
Border
Gentleman,
photograph
226
From
Khan from
Piissaldar
Muhammad Khan,
From
a photogi-aph
Kizzalbash.
From
241
256
264
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
xi
PAGE
Pathan woman
in a
hurka or mantilla
290
Muhammad Khan,
From
of Hoti (a Yusafzai).
a photograph
round the
Insciiption
301
lip
of
Copper-tinned and
Peshawur wine-bowl.
309
blackened
Saqia bar khez o dar deh jam ra
Khak
bar sar
kun gham-i-ayam
ra
Never mind
(Literally,
ra.
grief.
Shepherd
Pathan
Mitre
318
fiddle (rabab)
(taj)
Lahore
829
Hazara.
Museum
Cotton
em335
MAPS.
Map showing
the location of all the Border tribes, and the surrounding country.
Map
Map
of the Black
countries.
ERRATA.
Page
5,
15,
58,
85, line
168,
18,
last line
,,
5,
for
2, /o?-
serials
read cereals.
are to be added.
285, line
3,
310,
2,
,,
North-West
tlie
frontier of
magnificent
cities of
its
The
way
Central
is
less
which
many
O'Callaghan's
Mr.
range
last
us
separati'jg
years
from Kandahar
may
over
are
men
for
possibly
see
road
that before
through
booking to
Up
to a
summed
masterly inactivity."
abandoned,
that
Peshin
Sind,
Gandamak
the
Quetta
railway
own
treaty
juice,"
abrogated,
stopped, but,
it
a scientific
Kandahar
was "hoped
Aloncr the
to
the
ridiculed,
in
up in the expression
of
length
the trans-Indus
of
400
or
districts
500 miles,
from Peshawur
including
all
the
most important
passes,
there
was
not,
after
some
thirty-five
The Indus
warm
discussion as to whether a
narrow gauge along the edge of the trunk road should not
suffice.
poUcy,
both
let
in
forward
of the Kafila.
The Border
itself
an expenditure of magazine
was managed
on
more
the
Commissioner
of Peshawur,
its
strictly
close
practically
articles.
system.
conducted
military arrangements
RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT.
All dealings with
Punjab.
beyond were
tribes
by
settled
possible restriction.
our
tlie
officers,
often
annoyance
to our considerable
lift
were
side
Instead
behind
if
of our
it
officers
for
and
many
maps by
there
are
if
still
and extent
fertility
It used to be said,
sealed books.
Within a few
capacities
somewhat
flippantly
a hostile
army had
Ave
far
side,
its
So
precise whereabouts.
men
nor horses
could have been fed, but the assertion indicated the pohcy of shutting our eyes to
all
Much
possible contingencies.
of the information
Even
now, such as
exists
is
obtain
it,
most need
tions
are
" Strictly
known
who
officers
are
maps and
to all anxious
to
likely to
publica-
Petersburg than
in
in Peshawur.
less
been
is
is
accomplished
during
the
last
much
has undoubtedly
ten years.
And
if
best security
for
peace,
another
ten
years
there
for
war
of similar
B 2
never
owed
gratitude
contingency
the
render
should
procuress
to
still
more
remote.
debt
be forgotten the
of
Sir
the late
able arguments, of
time
at the
called
"alarmists."
Combined,
it
may be added,
men Uke
Within
made
being
Border
the
good,
From
least,
not
if
through from
carried
at
communications
the
to
on the
shortest
Chenab
Chaman, capable
notice.
Khwajah Amran.
of extension to
The opening
Sher-Shah, completes
at
in the frontier
through communication
is
rapidly
are
perfected.
of the bridge
line
Kandahar
over
is
the
under construction
to Marri, opposite
An
Krdabagh, and
It is only
to be promptly concentrated at
it
at the other
by Hazara
frontier
The
Bannu
the
least,
while the
will
bring
by no means
survey
com-
arm was
other
Koh-i-Baba
the
way
on the
fairly
to
route, looks as if
the
balance
to
our
We
efface,
Sandeman's
Roads,
to Gilgit.
objective
recent
by Kobat
to
Bannu
successful
with
negotiations
and Colonel
the
Mahsud
is
metalled,
same
on the extension
pusliing
bridged, and
to the
may
vicl
administratively
valuable
to
us.
a position in Bilochistan,
tribes, as it is strategically
and
become an
servants
loyal
part of the
integral
has
men who
Similar
to
in
the recent
is
arise.
waiting
anxiously
waiting
directly
to
addi-
be utilized,
the
of
Pcshawur
As
country.
part of the
army
and Quetta
in one direction,
be greater,
way
every
more
from
officers
regarding
mission,
and
it,
the Border,
crossing
which
will
orders prohibiting
information
obtaining
or
They have
hard,
still
to obtain per-
conditions,
will
desirability
characteristics, its
liold
The
dying
and
though
last,
stands condemned.
tribal disturbance,
rational
And
complete.
bearings and
knowing
of
that
about
all
border, their
temper
Whether we
capabilities.
that
more natural
position
we
fix
it
in
draw
it,
in
line,
strictly
remaining ignorant in
state of things
better,
is
to
If
lines,
can be no valid
the i)etty
Khans and
sooner this
The
is
excuse for
or
movable red
of the passes
heads of the
ourselves
front
hostility
for teaching
them
is
headmen
commu-
known
nicer
the
manners
obvious.
The want
of
the
most
ordinary
topographical
knowledge
lias
brought
Afghan War
roads,
home
and
halting-places,
march
on
to
had
half its
lost
In the
to
inconveniences at
Musiid
every
value
exposed
The
stage.
want
for
to
flank
of a ofood
map, and the direct attack might have been thoroughly accomplished
in
the
known
nothing was
expedition,
it
Peiwar Kotal
the
experience
first
of
Mountain
Black
the
in
before
The
consequence.
Expedition, was
find our
Kurram Valley
In the
left.
of
the
to
and the
of position,
Almost,
the
all
While
lives.
officers
up
filled
more
It
facilities
in
if
more
the change
introduced
The
radical.
origin
compact and
many Indian
intelligible
readers,
which
the
bility
of
information
change,
in
no
and
sense
to
as
was
would
be
made
sketch
was
available,
put
present
the
twenty-four
that
could
it
led
The
year
last
of
into a
had
valley,
be better
even
idle
fully,
first
the
involved
publication
articles,
in
the
dealing with
acquisition
any
of the
aggression.
time
to
fullest
The subtime,
in
to
excuse for
constantly
considering the
its
Along and
and
tribes
to a wider public.
clans,
and
and
statistics,
deal more
and history
And
than generally.
it is
in
eight
fill
and streams,
valleys
of
jDeaks,
sufficient
the writer,
to
increasing
affairs,
but
seemed
it
not to
obviously impossible
where
cases
to
many
many
clans
it
as present
and
Such
closely.
for these
interested,
sufficiently
more
glens,
divisions
or
they can
curious,
to
back on a
fall
in fact,
Readers who
require
information
field of
study of the
vast,
scribed
fresher
green
which
with
the
less
aspiring are
content.^
These
hills
the
although
'
and highlanders
interest
are,
of a
however, very
full of
interest,
works mainly used in the following pages, and from which I have often
Tlie Official Gazetteers of Afghanistan, Bilochistan, and the North- West
Tiie
quoted are
Ghazi,
be
is
not confidential
Expeditions against
Afijhdns
tlie
Priestley's
N.-W.
Frontier
Haiydl-i-Afghdni ;
Plowden's
Kalid-i-Afghdni ;
Elphin-
stone's
the
or
agitator,
aspirant
in India,
Neither
vanced party.
by the con-
fame.
senatorial
for
single B.A.
regimental
"
though
Like
durbar.
to
famous borderer of
fits
save,
the
or
thou
well.
"
Scott's,
gentle "
is
have the touch of nature that makes them kin to the sympathies
of
Englishmen
stan,
is
who
Hindu-
are at present
heard.
It
romantic
it
may
least,
are men.
be thought too
much
with softer
sentiments,
and,
has been
of their
somewhere
Elphinstone
as
made
But
heart
in
is
thief,
is
is
own
is
alto-
as freemen
preferable to slavery.
their
in his
That
if "
Both
have the warlike instincts and enterprise which brought the Briton
to
India,
and
have
kept him
there, that
whilom established
and that
if
To look
him
Pathrm
soldiers in
one
10
sir,"
" if
camp,
for
command a
I could not
"
admiration.
By
a recent
officer at
British regiment, I
Jove,
would ask
The regiment
would inspire a
Perhaps
of
both, and
to
soldier.
may
it
these
illogical,
This
liberties.
like
an attempt
to
is
The
is
rule,
Biloch,
the Khattak, or the Yusafzai, has lost none of his manly characteristics,
He
ment.
prosperous
become
just as free as
is
;
further,
he
he was
before, he
contented,
is
more
certainly
is
a British subject.
he
still
looks forward
enemy.
Moreover,
to
the
a necessity
it is
of the
later,
later,
situation.
Sooner or
great friuge of
this
The theory
ence.
that
we should
sit
down on
the
left
bank of
the other side, has been, for better or worse, permanently aban-
doned.
In
its place,
that
it is
fort,
than to
let
him
in,
and
enemy
fight
outside
one,
him afterwards
inside.
There
the river at our immediate back, except under the direst necessity.
The
to
passes along the border are the gates of India on the north
hold them
go on both
properly,
sides,
we must be
perfectly free to
come and
continuation of the
and the
The
allies,
11
covered by dotting
our troops,
is
down
if
It is hardly credible
that
its
hills
and valleys
is
If forts
12
as
position
the
and
forfcilicatious,
And
of the
bastion
valuable part.
may
is
in
made
most
CHAPTER
I.
Of
Nanga
Parbat, the
of which
do
it
may be
not differ
worse
said
materially
from those
first
though
that
except
j)re vailing
length
perhaps
occasionally
the
for
Punjab
the Border tribes, our intercourse with them, our familiarity with
their country,
to
whole of
trict,
all
this,
between
have
all
two, their
natural
and
political
relations with
In the Biloch,
aristocratic
chiefs
decided
little
head-men
recognizing
them
we have
organizations
are
to
managed
deal with
dis-
or their connections.
these
little in
belong
Afghans
it,
more
than
the
petty
of petty clans.
is
capital
is
within
fifty
for
14
army could by
an invading
nitely
route,
From Karachi
situated to defend
it.
long as England
is
dirticulty
less
this
infi-
or the
as a base, unassailable so
we have,
in addition to
from
an
parts
all
of India
to
the
front
Khwaja Amran
By
Khan
of Khelat,
and
Quetta,
from Kandahar
leading into
render
the
to
Sind,
aggression
The Peshin
tlie
all
range,
our friendly
occupation of
the passes
a position
has been
established
that would
from
direction
practically
impossible.
that
moreover,
plateau,
of considerable
is
extent
is
The Khan
army.
for us
to
us,
and
The
of Khelat
was
perhaps
to
and he
is
undoubtedly
far
allied
himself
as the
indeed
us, if
and
stituted peace
tranquillity.
for
down
and as
have
of liard cash
have
own
all.
beftillen
to look
them.
From Karachi
or by the Bolan
to
Quetta
is
be finished, the materials are ready to caiTy the line on from the
SIND
INDUS.
on the
position
made
as few as
The whole
Helmund by
Bombay
from
it
some seventy
of railway,
bit
15
miles,
Kandahar, or a suitable
to
might be
to Delhi.
less
known
Much information
by Sir
The Persian
snrvey of Sir Oliver St. John, has been connected with the Indian
system,
Our
of maps.
what
is
be
still
desirable
much beyond
under
systematic
The
survey.
is
and the
"
Route Book
even
" of the
being gradually
districts
this
hills,
brought
way
the
in
Hurnai,
of
in almost every
Sewestan country
will
hills
rugged Biloch from the Delta and lower valley of the Indus,
is
but
fair to halt
westerly
and probably
Border.
suggesting
made by
the
warmest
many
resemblances in
bit
little
our Indian
of
common
it
the most
this,
politically
a country literally
So much of
as
it
is
not
seem
to
forwards from
to history
Kachh
signifying water.
to
Karachi
Even now a
its
very
it,
name
vast waste of
silt,
and
tradi-
backwards and
a Sanskrit term
sand, or arid rock,
its
its
only
16
mountain?,
known
locally
feet
succession
which
Balochistan.
comparatively
bare,
the Kirthar
as
West from
of
On
flatness.
separating
hills,
150 feet
rest,
picture
the
all
hill
plains
hill to
of sand,
And
through
of the
rivers of the
Punjab,
five
the
down
on the
it
leading feature
Sulaimaus,
streams of the
ridges
a lofty
is
low
occasionally to 7,000
rise
the great fertilizer of the country, the highway for the transit of
its
land
of
summer where
below
falls
freezing
of extremes
dust-storms,
weeks
for
and
100,
That
point.
maximum
of heat.
of scenery
together
the
enjoys
With
little
"
the low,
mud
coast,
to
banks
the
of
groves,
are
or
creeks,
lakelets,
gardens,
that
while
perhaps
minimum
occasionally
in
the
there
rise
is
of
the
salt
its
picturesque
effects
plains, the
everywhere,
snakes
though
it is
it
of
depends
changing
buffaloes in
has
few
of
"
being essentially
of
way
are
to
of
Shikarpur,
of woodland,
none.
the
the
There
dignity
of
waters
of
light.
its
below
and the
of rain
forests
flat,
is little
of
sinks
never
sweet-water sea
From
"
often
it
of grandeur
a monotonous river.
cold
thermometer
where
winter
and
heat
of
the
animals
of
any consequence,
And though
SLVD
they seem to have
make such
to
Of
many
together
make up
The Sindi
enough
bit of it lasting
living records
there are
17
left
their presence.
INDUS.
proper, a
the Khalifs to Islam, does not occupy a very high place in the
scale of oriental
name than he
peoples.
deserves
If his
him
detractors give
a worse
who
and
invasions,
Hindu
and the
prosperity of both
else
irrigation,
tributaries,
has served to
a railway through
it
The development
system of
Sind.
for
A
the
make
flotilla
centre
has
of a
its
what the
the country,
now
provides
which by the
uninterrupted
make
it
frontier.
and
its
its
first
may
fishing village,
extensive conveniences,
flourishing institutions,
the future
it is
its
excellent harbour,
possibilities
CHAPTER
II.
tlie
was
settled
1870.
On
frontier,
is
districts, or
of which
of the
is
is
under
Within
Indian Government.
of the
Jalawan,
these
limits
It is
boundary
is
included,
capital Khelat,
its
Between the
its
and
Foreign Office
consideration in the
West
this
at present
Afghan
is,
Sind
the north
formerly dependent on
districts
Sind,
is
the
proverbially
sultry
Kaclihi
its
all,
the
little
hereditary
triangle
chief called
final
of Lus, with
the Jam.
its
And
capital Beyla,
last,
the
less
under
known,
far
19
The most
striking:
Hills
of Bllochistan.
any
of torrents, filled
at
Of
rivers, there
are,
can hardly be
rare intervals,
20
tlieir source.
Dasht
asses,"
or
There
knowledge
and
for
Khan
and
it
Khelat,
of
suzerain.
can
Goran,
"
the desert
is
" bitter."
Really or nominally,
real,
Bast
is
a traveller to possess
of
"
Rcgistdn,
the
sufficiently expressive.
places,
"
DasM-i-hc-daulat,
wild
of
the
like
plains
names
all
and
the chiefs
him
as
their
may be doubted
At no time
if it
received,
When
The
acknowledge
history
if
that
assistance
was with-
is
mainly the
would deem
for
devastation of a country
The hereditary
chiefs
left,
and
sit
left
of
the centre, and the national flag tri-colour with the red, yellow
No measure
consent,
taxed, save
nor the
of importance
could
be passed
hereditary finan-
powers.
cial
differing
Rajputs,
based
Khan
The claim
for
was
service,
were at
be assembled depended
that could
troops
of
on active
in that
number
ability of the
to enforce
military service
21
popularity of the
quired to fight.
for
the
on
Jam
of
re-
Beyla
of the
con-
who
is
man
story.
He
the
of
any rank
more modern
was
first
and subsequently a
which even
entirely
1795
is
like
a decent government.
Ahmad Shah
it
calls
in
him.
Bilochistan
of independence
declaration
his
relieve
fief of
But he
Nadir Shah^
from
1755
difficult to define
the various rights of the ruler, his Sardars, and his subjects.
all
hands he
is
soldier, statesman,
and
ruler,
to
On
Biloch as a
He put down
rebellion and encouraged trade, made triumphant war and established successful gardens.
household
still
of years
But when he
died, full
The governors
of provinces,
fell
22
.1
^vith broils,
said
comparatively
Khelat in
When
few minutes."
the
British
Khan
to
be dangerous, was
to
When
it.
insignificant.
reported
is
as taking
From
of Kabul.
up by Major Jacob
Khan was
in 1854, the
little
plundered unrestrained in
constant,
and
came
own
account,
all directions.
life
its
With Jacob's
treaty
pros-
perity, to
disorder.
it
is
said
set
up only
of
Wadd
in
Makrun threw
Bughtis
in
Jalawan
and
Kej
off all
at
murdered.
pretence of allegiance.
the
request
of the
Khan than
The
chiefs of Lus,
to be
of his
to interfere, not
subjects,
and
to
pieces.
The
on
the
British
rupees.
of the
He
to
troops as the
Government
of India
may
drawn
state,
by British
consider advisable.
closer,
and
Since
Khan
position of the
Certain
made
while by the
districts,
over for
treaty
of
inchiding the
permanent occupation
Gundamak,
rights, real
and the
settled,
as
by our troops
23
all
Afghan
Thai Chutiali,
of
Sibi.
and Peshin, up
us,
fact,
The
Amran
range.
The
tribes
be
The
powerful.
and a
assert,
distinct origin.
selves, to
be spoken of as Biloches.
dominant race
all
commencement
have by
They
people to
of the
Essentially a
its
nomad
district,
and in them we
our neighbours.
is
rare occasions
favourite.
He
is
is
when he
the Bilochi
is
a general
It is not
uncommon
tip
her hair in
many
effective plaits,
toilet
and arranges
24
He
many
To
from behind.
Prophet
"
As Ibbetson
less of the
pithily puts
" said
his chief
where we
Come
along
who
is
Whatever he
my
like
he
hills,"
et
in his head,
to be.
"
;
and there
who cannot
many
rejoined
tribal
who has
"
is
is
no doubt that,
what
man
though
Like
the
afford a
Dean's
and
sister
whole mare,
is
The
owner.
is
political
will
in
own
organization of
essentially a Radical
and
will
as
loyal
to
his chief as
every man
the Biloch,
Mclvor.
that he
replied
is
a Biloch
JDicJc,
and
tuum, preferring
for
is
God
Ramzan,
shall take
work, he
as
both
is
Dandy
his
can."
is
is
fanatic, while
rupees,"
to
meum
Tliere
but
between
keep who
of the difference
he shall
There
life
the Pathan
was keeping
another to a pious
"
plainsman.
he
it,
"
often a dangerous
in his nature."
devil
why he
was excused, as
doing
is
is
front,
Muhammad
Great and
is
to hospitality,
life for
both, "Allah
the Biloch
asked
kill his
of tho virtues
while
the
a Highland clansman to a
25
and
this
arrangements
frontier
To attempt any
tribes
similar characteristics,
which go
valuable feudatories.
They
to
many
subjects
and
faithful
described,
to
trust.
much
The
so
often and
many
writers,
He
his mare,
is
Of
well, enter-
it
two opinions.
fully
so
and much
Pathans.
The
md4e, sword and shield in hand, while the Pathan engages with
his
shown not
possible
Their courage
much
so
if
thou oh.
manner
An Afghan
in
at
as in
feud
enemy
in
force,
The determined
and
all
in the infinitely
in our territory.
till
sword
in
gallantry of the
to
had
fallen, is
worthy of a page in
till
history.
as a
race
they are poor, living from hand to mouth, they will not be induced
26
discipline,
cut
and they
will
and
It
fact
is,
with the
in
they require careful hand-
ling,
control.
tact
would
suffice to
ensure
by generations of freedom.
engendered
CHAPTER
HI.
Of
less
they travelled,
who were
sequently no literature.
of a gentleman,
despised,
would
there
and
is
is
arts
is
"
much
very
still
and con-
first
Even
a gentleman.
business
agriculture
The Douglas,
in
Mao^mion,
this is very
much
poems and
the route
character,
fall
"
;
"War
and the
matters of conjecture.
is
ballads of
Whatever
handed down
in the
Bring unto
my
life
collected,
28
little alteration,
pass muster
among
Sir Walter
Scott's collection.
uniformly points
Laghari Biloches.
to
Muhammad
bin Harun.
is
The Persians
Bilush"
a term
nomadic
One popular
According
of Cush.
is
son,
to Rawlinson, it
Nimrod
the harem
is
derived
tribes.
^
wa
Bad
29
Log, " lawless " folk, as more in keeping with their universal re-
who
and
steals
Though
if
to
no neighbours' cattle to
lift,
isted, says
Prophet.
The famous
the low
hills of
Biloches,
mean
"
old Persian
In these
with Biloches."
Hetu Ram,i
complain that
to
Halah
far-off
King, Naushirwan,
"
is
in
the
Aleppo.
They ex-
Muhammadan
called
them
Biloches who, according to their story, sided with him, had to fly
to
Kirman and
Bilochistan,
We
Imam
of
"
or the
Sulaimans.
tlie
Faith.
jooet's tribal
the foremost
is
Mir Jalal
Sistan.
Dividing out
The Einds
This
is
settle in
Their
came,
Khan"
the
many poems.
From Aleppo we
On
and
to
Tlie true
"
moved
The
Sarawan.
The Lasharis
in Gandava.
ACROSS THE BORDER.
30
Another story
tells
By
and
is
chronicle.
now
the tribal
ruler picked a
demanding a
as he
Kirman
the
ruler
vastly powerful
Kirman
sent boys
"
" a
names
to as
whom
Of
thou2h almost
Rind
all
extraction.
is
the
Lashari
Border Biloches, in
Chakar the
were
Rind,
are
either
l)oth l)r()therp,
of the
same family."
A bane
fact,
'Orii^inally tliey
woman.
which
it is
Mir
tribes, of
leadin^r
All true
now no
many famous
"
of
fair
many
same
They staked
31
"
a great deceit,
displeased.
and
ill
blood ensued.
fair
"
possessing flocks
was so ungallant as
to steal
some
In exchange for
We
We
Said he
"
won a victoiy,
Mir Chakar
is
killed a
The
of his followers.
his
Gundava (Kachi)
to
few
settling
many
Khelat.
Mir Chakar
King Arthur,
is
of the Biloches.
change the
The
and legendary.
and
He
is
able at will to
ACnOSS THE BORDEJ?.
32
upper
name
still
He
is
and many a
described as
With
sixteenth.
Humayun
in the
kingdom and,
;
still
more improbably,
men came
at his call
With
With
And
and overcoats
knives and daggers
silk scarves
silver
all
kinsmen
The Mir
Border war.
is
not contented
"
though
stills,"
"
The Rinds
rest.
us,
And
Let
lis
Compared
Quite a long
Let
list
He
Ilailiya
to Chakar,
sister
slie
Banadi
married Hadiya
their hero's
advice,
of
tlieir
present hold-
known by
Such
is
33
Chakar, there
sufficient
is
Mir
of the sixteenth.
middle of the
Another
They
fifteenth.
Rind
movement more
necessary.
is
generally
ndma
ingeniously suggest
originally
that
settling
hills,
far east as
Sulaimans, and
the
called
the
in
ousting the
took Khelat,
the
Jat from
what
is
still
called the
Derajat border, while the Ismail Khans, Fatteh Khans, and Gliazi
is
Brahuis
there
still,
an army to speak
of.
tumandar,
Avith
nothing of
Kuch Gandava.
Or encampments.
Ultimately they
34
the
all
is still
when on
people,
modern trans-border
marked by
their right to
Khan,
tribes are
wheat
of
of the Brahui
The supremacy
draw rations
social
that
The
Biloches.
but
it.
Dumki, a Rind
people,
is
the
wars,
home and
driving off
and
for
the provision of
many and
restrained
substitute,
themselves, and
and
it
now
is
But
measure a
possible for
sufficiently
two chiefs
to ruin
becoming
that.
exciting
by
civilized
enough
to
is fast
CHAPTER
IV.
What
Adam Khan
and Durkhani,
The
Sind border.
Panhu
latter,
is
the
to
is
to
the
Yusafzai,
pathetic
however, purports to be
much
older,
and the lovers are described as living about the time of the
introduction of Islfim, some 900 years ago.
version, the story
is
is
known
Duh
The
story
is
familiar
among
Biloch
and Punjabi.
Bui Mui,
as
drowning."
Besides the
who
died
who
died
all
the Sind and Biloch borders, and, says Sir Richard Burton,
gives an epitomx of the legend in his
man on
work on
herdsman tending
chaunting
Panhu
his
it
is
Makran.
and homely
all
who
and the
verse."
family, the
the ladies.
in rude
In
" she
idol
Ari,
his father,
is
tells
it,
under
tlie
of a
Brahman
title
of ITusn
of
in
Bhambuna,
Blandishment.
D 2
ACROSS THE BORDER.
3(5
whom
of
was
it
predictetl
Her
and
let
her
float
down
the Indus, from which she was rescued by one of the 500 aj)prentices of a well-to-do
who, being
adopted her.
"
A piece
childless,
of the
moon
"
grew up
"
all
to
his own,
and
string of camels
There he
is.
whom
panions, with
his
The
wares.
present of a
he exchanges a
ladies
trifle
how handsome he
good
to
long flowing
part."
locks
the eye"
become
and
she
"
is
of beauty
like
his
lady's ears
While he
sell.
if
is."
of
to
is
pretension
demand the
what he has
little
her com-
demurs.
he
in
falls
and mer-
enamoured
solicits
Babiho
to
praise
" ofttimes
Biloch, with
Panhu
that the
act as
before
that Biloch to her, for which he shall receive great reward. Babiho
raises all sorts of difficulties
mother even
for
the chase
"
how
is
it
Worse than
possible for
me
to bring
Panhu
has two wives already, whose voices are as sweet as the Kokilas"
^
now
and Ghara.
and
The
lively
young
my
am
too,
Kokila's song."
sorts of tender
" I,
no denial.
will take
37
is
the Jam.
Babiho returns to
lady's
The
sent.
description
who
Panhu,
inflammable
ardour,
of
his
Panhu the
As a matter of
"
for
is
is all
guard her
me home
or send
up
me
in his best,
father's
armed
of
His
"
Husband,'
not thus.
my
to
men
care."
sympathetic
such
little
with
fired
sufficient for
fact,
His father
more than
is
is
getting away.
got
account
opportunity to give
first
glowing colours.
the
an
renders
master,
his
house again."
to the teeth,
mounted on
away
me
his favourite
town en
route,
before
named Lohee,
lives
he
has
far.
sight of
gone very
who
is
so struck
At a
noted
by a
camp, and makes love to him while he and Babiho are playing
chess.
The
is
is
much encouragement
to
frail one,
Sassui meanwhile,
all
38
to
work
from
blind
f^one
liis
own
sight
by a messenger
Lall
affection for
be
by virtue of hearing
it,
and
it
This "moving
Lai, a
Now Akhund
for her.
instantly recovered
Akhimd
rather gets
or
letter,
silent
had
liim
write
to
he
to him, while
is still
dally-
ing with Sehjan at Lohee, from whence the lady will not hear
departing.
of his
Panhu
finally
is
This
Babiho,
who
panions
to "
beloved
Panhu
come and
fiction
kiss
Bambhora, where
all
my
where
make a
saves
They
lady,
pitch their
camp
in
but that
Sassui's garden,
far,
now
Panhu only
young
obtains a meeting
into
her
aunt's lap, and while the old lady upbraids him, Sassui gives
him
his arrow
so
skilfully
that
falls
As a
affords
test,
she
an oppor-
quarrel
it
with
Babiho,
whom
who
ho
is
Makran
in
high
dudgeon.
Their matrimonial happiness did not
as
last long.
The
wife begs
and
falls in
Bhaf'ula,
with a very
who
fair,
but also
frail
May God
"
person.
cause
to meet," she
us
39
remarks
aloud, and Panhu at once finds that the scabbard of his sword
it
be mended.
to
is
situation
unfaithful.
is
" to
best
the
extract
her
rival's accusations
An
enormous
fire is
which Bhagula
ladies' benefit,
would have
but Sassui seizes her by the ears and forces her to enter.
Needless to
ears,
say,
the false
dame
is
burnt to ashes,
all
Panhu
Sassui.
virtuous
is
con-
vinced of his wife's chastity and love, and the two, for a brief
season, are
The
final catastrophe,
Makran
is
The
however, approaches.
old
Jam
in
home
the irate Babiho, and sends off six of his stalwart sons to bring
by
avoid
and
at
midnight carry
off
camel.
When
arrive at
at
fuss,
his wife,
They
dawn
after to
Panhu and
consciousness of
is
her misfortune.
recognizes that
blood
as
if
sprinkling the
hill
carried
off,
and
over which
"
She
weeps tears of
travelling."
" Alas, alas,
how
shall
my
away
She
My
"
Nor
feel I
IMy soul
is
me no
pleasure
now
that
my
husband
is
gone,
40
She declares
lier
all
between Bambhora
village.
accompanying
" I will
her.
most
in the
direful forni;
her
for
my husband
from
friends
;
but
you,
to die
of thirst,
Why
my
Alone
hills
lover
And
and bruised
feet,
perseveres in
name,
to Icnow the
lier quest.
perfect "
whom
At
last,
Demon
in one solitary
of the
she demands, in
Waste
tlie
" in
Lord's
tlie
41
dam, that
thirst,
When
goats.
pot, she
pipkin, and while he fetches the goat, knocks a whole in the bot-
much charmed by
Sassui, in despair,
may be
if
it
requires to
meanwhile prays
to
draw a draught of
Heaven
Her
to preserve
possible, that
supplications are
heard, and suddenly she sinks into a yawning gulf which closes
over her, and the wretched goatherd perceives his mistake too
Unable
and platform
late.
in her honour.
few hours
after,
Bambhora.
o^oute for
to rest awhile,
he hears the voice of his bride calling him from the tomb
when
his
camel to his
slave,
ing injunction to carry tidings of his fate to his father and his
friends, calls
upon heaven
to allow
him
finishes
The
The
souls of those
As he
says
old
The
bliss
Jam
that
42
Their tombs are in the Pubb Hills, between Karachi and Lus-Bela
who
is sufficiently
by many pilgrims,
Panhu appears
while to
in person
many
of
the beauti-
Sassui's
is
Indus Valley.
Punjab lithograph.)
who
died drowning,
Dam, an
individual of the
same
is
Dam was
clan.
went
to the
rites
and consult
the omens, Sohni was sent by her husband to fetch some milk from
the
forest,
buffalo-keeper, a
most
and instantaneously
skilful player
fell
in
for
herself, in the
upon the
shape of a
bansli or reed-pipe,
Her head,
like the
sketch,
practice in the
sound of the
story
hansli,
of
she,
guided by the
43
commonly
use on that river for the same purpose, and spend the hours of
home
return-
before dawn.
A malignant
One
unbaked.
night, as
replied that
it
having remarked
The
for both.
lover's portent
and the
literally, "
pathy
is still
Sohni,
for
her not
tried to
fair
little
it
was
He
it
Sym-
judgment on her
any
trifling
errors
of
part.
some,
if
Nara, or Snake
this very
river,
fleet
Larkana.
There
Cunningham
of the
many learned
little
Whether
Rann
of Kachli,
the " lost river," that used to empty itself into the
started entirely on its
made
thinks might be
Sutlej, or the
holy
44
around Khairpur,
may
be
still
a solution
it
an interesting problem
much more
simple.
name which
city "
" the
"
gardens and
villas,
servoirs
flowers."
It
groves, re-
and Multan
"
main
pillars
"
nephew,
so charming,
was
difficult to
Multan
choose between
them.
kings
it
place."
If
to his
who
" in
over the earth, and whose generosity was renowned in the world,"
The people
all lived
happily, as
is
the fountain of
country south to
many
But Larkana,
all prosperity,"
resided
many
far
poured
its
water into the ocean at the port of Dewal," which Sir H. Elliott
places at or near Karachi,
enough
to
king,
per cent, on
all
toll
of
At length came a
the
full
"
handmaiden
45
increased his usual demand, but insisted on the transfer of the lady.
The
traveller
determined on a bold
effort,
He
obtained three days' grace before forwarding the duties and the
men who
number
who
them
embankment above
Aror,
to dig a
new
own
boats above
So
it.
well did they labour, and so great was Allah's mercy, that before
with
it.
Hills,
its
course,
and
mud
return.
The Rajah's
the evil
is
your regret
Every
it
came
too late.
"
to
When
done
fool "
"
The
remarks
it
"
holds to
its
it
was
" diverted
by
still
persist in saying
make
turn the
effort to
and expert
artizans," of
CHAPTER
TWO
The
from Sind,
is
with
V.
its still
river Indus,
shifting
banks and
250 miles
for nearly
is
amount
husband
tivators
artificial
drop
to the last
embankments, turn a
it
is
practically a
of irrigation,
hill-sides
which the
known
as the pachdd.
country
is
and by
Sindh"
Indus.
tract
Sindli or
Between the
''
is
to
district,
Sindh
and the
far the
and
approached.
"
cul-
strip of arid
Where
much more
The
seldom
ixichitd intervenes
for
the
a barren
had
spirit
by stretches of low
carefully
hills,
that look as
if
47
some malicious
or vegetation,
of every size
about as un-
it is
little
Khan
Ghazi
district alone,
over 200,
it
But,
save in exceptional seasons, not a drop from any one reaches the
Indus
some only
such rain as
collect
most precarious.
is
lie
between
falls
dug
much
it
all fail
and the
the shallow
longer, the
river.
few ordinary
wells are often 300ft. deep, and then yield but a brackish and
intermittent supply.
who
tribes
or
inhabit
it
The country
ceases
to
Nor
historical western
offer
sionally
is
the
to
and
practically deserted.
much inducement
hills consist
be habitable,
first
sight appear to
The outer
rising
opposite Rojhan
to
is
a considerable
height.
feet,
and
The eastern
feet.
is
48
passes and
regularity that
parallels
lateral
As
and approaches.
a natural barrier,
"
system
scientific
ot
is
Major
main watershed,
narrow
lateral valleys,
to the
is
more
all parallel
and com-
from the
fact,
The number
of these
may
be judged
district
Government
made
responsible for their safety, for the return of all stolen pro-
perty,
and
which, starting from the edge of the Mazari country passes through
the Cachar
and the Kahfx, both into the country of the Khatrans and the Luni
Pathans, the former of which was once extensively used, and was
Delhi in 1601
selected
for
the
new
Khar
plain
for all
arms of the
service.
to
is
now
This
last
up
Ghazni
to
was the route by which the Kabul rulers got their mangoes
this
it
Ahmad mended
Saidi
with
It
hill.
was
still
here that,
Delhi.
rivets,
who
mended
when
found,
made
has been
to
campaign in 1505.
after his
49
It has
it.
ingenious
Nadir Shah and the Durani Shah Zaman presented jewels, and
to
including
women and
neither
children,
all
more nor
than
is
annually divided
which
have
is,
substantial
shrine
is
affected equally
them
to take
up.
Curiously the
now
when
times,
bills
less
or
1,650
The majdwars
Baba Nanak.
that the
new road
will
make
Valley.
Musa
Whether,
easier, the
Further
remains to be seen.
Pathans, the
the journey so
will increase,
much
Shori, the
territories
offers a still
Ek-Bhai
it
into the
more
Rakhni
Bozdars, the
Luni
50
Through
many
these, in times
" riding," as
a foray,
Low
trousers, so
begrimed as to show
ringlets
of the original
little
and their
swagger enough
thin, lank,
for a host.
tried
for,
riding
again with
Nor was
collect.
for Sassui
fact,
home
Wild-looking
country."
white.
tint,
for
ravening
and expansive
" like
their shoulders,
to
coming down
hill
all
some
to
to
love-tokens across the Border, and whose fancy turned towards the
stalwart
renown
young Biloch
"
all
the
"
"
whose capture
is
lady,
locks like the tendrils of the creeper, but whose will was hard as
the
hills,
from
my
when
it
came
mother, for
my
to a question of flight.
Then
And
can I part
But
"
"How
my
form
in
my
arms,
mouth
TWO SIDES OF THE SULAIMANS.
And
51
having got back safe through the stony paths of the passe
My
"
hip."
to
be examined.
forces its
way
to the plains,
greater difficulties
still
beyond, while the character of the wild tribes has always been an
By
a curious pro-
cess, there seems a belief in some minds that the more bare, rocky
and impassable the mountains, the worse and more barren the
country, the
is possible,
As a
rule,
By
them
The
are
mounted, comparatively
are
locally
munication.
called
and
Even the
fertile valleys
making
far the
first
worst features of
difficult
appear
"
range sur-
Shams"
as they
lines of
com-
Either
By
far the
most formidable
diffi-
met
immediately below,
is
by easy
The Raklini
finer
grass
slopes over
and
for
cart road
and
considerable
distance
was comparatively
Afghanistan,
there
is
easy.
the
construction
Like so much
deficiency of water
of
district,
good
of Bilochistan
;
E 2
52
in
and
great
the
garden.
Many
measure
country
As
it
is,
tracts are
needs
many
of these
rich
One of
whole length
is
is
in
wood and
to
"Shams"
turn
are
of
storage,
into
it
fairly well
made
a
off.
its
system
irrigation
grass.
are
by
remedied
be
only
The
a similar purpose.
Paniali Valley
Near Gumbaz
its
is
both proits
water
The Bori
certain.
new cantonment
of Loralai.
The
The
fertility of
The
in
so
characteristics of
South
reason
between
The
this
some
is
some
Italy, or only
why
hills
and the
reported.
53
need vineyards to be so
and there
is
no
CHAPTER
VT.
Whether
"
MCTAVISH."
more probably, he
is
inhabitants, reinforced
assisted
many
Turkman
points in
origin
common
or
numerous enough
if,
common
his
He
more
To attempt a
first
it
may
Book
compared
numerous
to
The
tribes, or tunians,
For these tumans are again divided into clans {paras), the clans
into sections called palli,
THE ''FHAinSIION" AND
tions,
JICTAVISIi:'
''
is
55
often a
mere
handful.
even counting
all
or 2,500 fighting
men,
o^o
forth to war.
To add
to this there is
an
sincfle
name.
of
some 400 years ago by one Haji Khan, who begat Ghazi
and
called the
thought
it
town
only
after him.
right
to call
Khan
son,
and
for fifteen
this
sick,
its
or
hill-
local "
of the
Fhairshon," and
tribal lords.
"
McTavish
"
and raids on
his cattle.
In
fact,
Bon
the names, and the story of the invasion by the Macpherson, with
his four-and-twenty
men and
employed
tail,
in driving "ta'cattle,"
the largest
hills.
In most
number would be
McMarri
"
Coming
Gillies seventy-three,
wassails."
56
more important
has
now
them behind us
placed
to
for
a greater or
districts.
Such
extent also
less
and Kasranis.
In the
hills just
Chotiali,
Further
in the Hurnai,
still
districts,
a few exceptions
in
minor
all
meaning a
tiger
With
The Mazaris
points.
Thai
hold
whose name
is
stream in Sistan
variously said to be
or the
same word
fighting
own many
In former days
They were
at almost
line.
now good
the cold
hills in
Nawab
ago made a
They
loyal subjects,
and good
service."
Their neighbours and former enemies, the Dreshaks, though probably deriving their
name from
hills,
or as
they
would
who
call
all.
themselves, Gorishanis
The Gurchanis
somewhat
mongrel Biloches,
of Sind,
own
Hindu Rajah
hills,
though they
Constant
"
MCTA VTSlir
57
feuds with the Marri rendered their lands beyond the border some-
what
less profitable
than an Irish
One
estate.
joined
Humayun
tained
harried
in his
march
They
Biloch tribes."
Others main-
to Delhi in 1556.
systematically
of their chiefs
are probably
" the
now
worst-behaved
only restrained
yet they
conduct reputed
The
"uniformly good."
as
Lagharis, a
more
all
or less given
men have
turned
The Bughtis
of the rocky
and barren
little
more trouble
hills
;
and
the former are credited with at least one famous raid into Sind,
to
receive
in lifting
lessons
more
some 15,000
or
less
cattle.
all,
whose raids
now
The reputation
man.
He
is
of the Marri
have profited
severe, but
Both have
many
respects
exceedingly friendly.
is
may
We
enemies of
we do no good
all
wishes us well.
our neighbours
Duke
in his
"
His character
to
any one
nobody
strife
58
aroimJ us:
let
Though he
deeming
side
for,
in
up
occasionally acts
Whichever
any case we
side
injured or
is
shall be gainers."
to this policy,
re-
honour
a sufficient
is
guarantee for further safety; and he would take the most ample
Though
ally
else
to recognise the
failing
pledge.
occasion-
drawn from
peojjles, grafted
They
several races
and
on to a Biloch stock.
Khan
to
is
number 4,000
but, according to
nor
neither lucrative
it
little
clans,
who
Raiding
safe.
in
too
is
many
out.
On
The prospect
of plunder
up some
of our
Macgregor
result suf-
Musa Khels
little
in the
The
Pathans.
first
of the three,
and
MCTAVISII."
whose name
''
still
retain
They speak a
stock.
dialect
More notorious
agricultural.
59
as receivers
than thieves, they are peaceful and unaggressive, but they have
for
next neighbours.
country extended from the Rakhni to the Bori Valley, have been
so
weakened by
feuds,
five of their
fine valleys through which the new road to Peshin passes, have
been deserted, rendered " har " or desolate, and their flocks and
more than a
possessed.
fifth of
till
but
they are fine men, somewhat fond of showy armour and tasselled
spears
for
excellent
The Husa
soldiers.
haunts some-
and pas-
the Takht, from whence they were ousted about eighty years ago,
They
fail to
attempt to
tell of
many
the
tribes that
whom
our
new
lines of railway
Pathan
origin.
By
far the
and
the
who
many
were
cele-
other petty
as regards
Afghan
little
in
race,
divided into
common
save the
many
name
distinct
tribes,
of Kakar.
They
Zhob
are scattered
The
60
three best
known
Hamzazai
of
some
among
and
themselves.
^-%
An Uchakzai Pathan of
able
and
for
Elphinstone
tells
of an
engagement
in
Khulaz
defile,
to pieces
down on our
troops
"
''
MCTA VISII."
The same
Valley sections
still
now and
them
them locked up
What
informa-
Simla archives.
in the
in 1877, to
much
is
Colonel
then.
murdered
tribe
The marching
Khan
to
Peshin
debating,
is
now
Gumal
of our troops by
way
of
many
years of
will probably
be the
illustration of the
by
free
communications, good
and judgment,
than the contrast between the Biloch who has come within our
influence,
The one
is
decent
suit,
to
afford
populous.
so obviously sleek
a good mare
appear
all
prosperous.
The other
is
call
his
own.
life,
His
his crops,
His house
is
tattered
and his
often
is
villages
It is almost startling.
are
from hand
sheepskin
cattle,
"
far
kill off
the attendants.
surprise
field
Occasionally
from his
constant
by constant watching
in
mouth
When
to
and
is
from raiding
village.
wearied out
parties,
and
off
62
for
an organized
raid,
and
amounted
sum
to a large
many
legs of it as
a gun, while
he owned
he possessed
if
The
if
often
him. The
which
falling to
tribal
to four cows, a
gun
sword to
to a bullock, a
But even
successful raiding
is
business.
rest,
devil
not mutilated.
if
taking the
hindmost.
"
fell
It
out or got
was
The members
left
literally
"
of a
have to
fire
flour
to bake.
They
much on
party of Marris
Pathans.
whom
They were
to each
very
man.
much
The
to him.
He
too
instances
for three
an
weeks
was only
and
fatigue,
Fhairshon
" is clearly
not worth
CHAPTER
VII.
May
grading kind
is
among
among
the
common
Muhammadans
The
west of
latter holds
compared
" is
probably greater
Brahman
Variation there
is
in degree
from
a Pathan, almost
to
But what-
saints
and shrines
no
limits,
The
Hardly a
pass, a peak, or
an old mound,
may be
more possibly
to
many
places admirably
many
64
ofiferetl
and
saints
The founders
soldiers alike.
The
"
to
Bukhara
hosts,
or
"
Musalman
had a short
shrift
is
They
most
relations of
life,
Among
bare and stony country, has always been the want of water and
The "pattern
supplies.
field
of the
is
upon
is
de-
The
unexpectedly upon
"
up
in the evening,
and
and
the asylum
of
In the
fire,
name
of Allah
"
he
fills
it
on the
up
plate
Again,
abundance of excellent
full,
own
is
to this very
tlie tribes
for
day
in the
" falcon
The stream
is
there
still,
though
it
relief
has
less
the Draban
water in
it
Once
river.
broke
it
infinite
"
single
away the
an
effectual
embank-
illus-
Ramazan even
by him.
at once provided
tile,
mud when
it is still
banks, carried
its
" lion in
(55
as
lage,
SAINTS.
it.
He had
"
" travelled to
kept the
of the
fast
recite
the praises of Allah that he threw his heart out of his mouth, his
servants ever after carefully preserving
needed a
on seeing the
fully
with a bone.
ferrying the
When
in a napkin.
When
saint,
made
ready.
So
When
Khwajah, a
fire
he
fat
fish
popped
its
demanded a
fare for
hillside,
rock,
it
sacrifice to
ever since.
And when
reciting
some
of
verses
the
remained at the
became
his adherents
it
saint,
man
to
fell
back.
Timur however
less.
He
quickly found out the cause of the trouble, and attempted to tip
the Kh\Yajah
liave
Nvitli
but the
latter
seems to
to
8hams-i-Tabrez of
its
notorious
Muitan.
from Baghdad, an
" abstracted
commons, he caught a
fish
Shams-i-Tabrez
the
saint,
city,
One
not
always
in
sufficient
which he held up
to the
SAINTS.
that luminary to
The sun
So much
67
drew
at once
and
Multan has
so,
who
have mistaken their way in the shades, have, as the legend goes,
invariably
for
plished
but
it
may, at
The accom-
an extra blanket.
to
know, that he
even
miracles,
Bahawal Hakk,
father
"
still
The
former,
who
is
tomb
of his
own
accord,
moved
into his
assistance.
directly descended
coming
to
over
other
trifles,
still
din,
of
skill
down
the
less distinguished,
still
but he essayed a
trial of saintly
Sayud a cup
hands,
difficulties.
all
all
was hardly
with a
Among
appeal to him in
The son
most
is
Muhammadan
of the
and
all
still
in,
returned
it,
spilt,
and the
implying that
68
Not
On
the
life,
for
way
thither, the
it
notorious old
Hindu
Arabic,
to
to be settled in the
cat,
Brahmin
this,
Tattah mosque.
idolater, bid
rival
which he restored
in
it
in person.
to
when
hut
him
The
priestly
BisiniUah
in
fourteen
different
ways.
of
literally
swarmed with
in the city,
gives
one
on the Mekli
or
"
Mecca-like
is
"
many books
of the
of one
list
Muhammad
saints.
hundred buried
order of magnitude
first
hills adjoining.
to say
they could
Murad
just referred
to,
for
The
many,
for at the age of forty he had acquired such sanctity, that he was
became a
One
vigils,"
Not
who saw
the light of
less
than 2,000
eminence."
of these, an " exemplary of the pious,
Mian Maluk
life
and strict-keeper of
of flour
seems mainly
to the dull
He
lbs.
to
creak of the
tree,
wrapt
in ecstasy, listening to
when he
and,
At Sehwan
saint.
is
the
"
who
Moslem
of Mervvand,"
story of
Shah-Baz
a broiling
fire.
Lai Shah-Baz,
because in order to
fiery furnace,
sat for a
title is
called
so
as well as
traveller,
died in 1274.
Red Falcon
imitate a
69
tree, well,
SAINTS.
to have
suffered no in-
On
The
Red Falcon
is
title
of
Originally he
that has
grown
up,
is
mausoleum
Rumour
has
and enjoy
it
that a girl of
It is jn-etty
by shaving
head, beard, eyebrows and moustachios, not only grant, but accept
the indulgenza plenaria, or license to sin freely.
saints, is
brothers and
"
accepted in
several cases.
hills,
movable at the
There
are
will of
two holy
rection will not only go to Paradise but will take the whole hill
v/ith
them.
As may be
supposed, the
hill is still in
great request
as a burial ground.
Not a bad
place to be buried
is
The
Brahuis say that the great apostle himself, the " praised one,"
70
came one
niglit
No
tloubt
lias,
the name.
under the
Tfin, "
To the
effect that
away
their reproach*
She caught
lap.
Overcome with
so
much
Anon
mountain,
He was
a whole colony of
buried
Masson
left
less
repenting
mountain again
be, leaping
of
bliss,
the parents
dame a
forty pebbles,
and
forty sons at a
birth.
thirty-nine of
left
crime,
their
returned,
cliffs
them
fled.
searched the
in
may
but attempting to
old couple
were
left childless
them
to
once more.
do but to raise
who
in
" hill
tlje
most renowned
saint of
Ahmad, whose
to.
He
all,
is
most popular legends, not only on the Border, but over half the
Punjab.
years of childless
and when,
wedded
life,
and the
child dies at her breast, because in her heart she has resolved to
moved
to restore
its
him
dues,
it is
to life again.
It is Saidi,
who
who
is
grazing his
SAINTS.
71
i'ather's
on by a
fierce
which he
tiger,
unaided slays
with his
much
fine raiment.
The
first
he
when accused
stat!'.
horse,
and
and tears up
set
is
of doing this, he
comes into Multan, riding the horse and wearing the clothes, which
have come back to him from Heaven, from whence also come
houris
and
fairies,
The lady
much
now the
1,65(1
The
large
by Captain Temple,
collected
sums
tell of rich
Sakhi Sarwar
sufficed
Kakki Sarwar,
"
broad
proved profitable,
for-
fell
subsequent expenditure at
liberal
to allay.
in
his
Even the
Saint's Biloch
mare
is
with working
many minor
miracles.
The banks
of the Indus
saints;
its
fertilizing
welcome freshness
waters and
being
pleasant exchange for the bare and arid stones of the Sulaimans.
Khwajah Khizr
He
is
is
whom hymns
whose
shrine
is
at
Bakkar.
mighty
Muhammadan young
Hindu
King"
Jenda Pir or
stream to
shrine
the "Green
is
lady on her
way
who saved
to Mecca,
the honour of a
Uddhero
Lall, as the
Hindus
call
annual Hindu
fair.
is
the
little
site of
below
a great
72
tion,
He
Muhammadans.
He
faiths.
of white,
used to
float
saved a
man
of the
of naviga-
tips
Khwajah
left
Khizr.
five
white spots.
And some
its
comers
to this day.
Like the saint of Sakhi Sarvvar, these two river saints are
equally venerated by both Hindus and
Of many,
children, wife
else's.
even
for asceticism.
run
generally
" excessive
emaciated from
They
a staircase.
more
paragraph
to
useful in a
called
name
is
abstinence
the
described
"
village
satisfy her,
The
justice.
still
annoyance of the
to
Sakhi Sarwar,
many
Numbers
both worlds.
them contrived
of
to
make
the best of
making themselves
Nevertheless, very
the ladies.
so
is
becoming
title
ab-
chronicler's titles
as
"
flies,
One
vigils.
is still
Pathan
73
is
especially agreeable to
handsome woman
in the marketplace,"
and as himself
is
"
remained
"
Another
pilgrim in
"
washerwoman."
brother about
fire
is
warned by a reverent
lire,
replied by
uninjured.
The danger
plified in
is,
innumerable
stories,
"
guide to the
truth " in
is
exem-
Kohistan,
them
the
forty funerals,"
Even
74
with a
and inflammation
fistula
men
is
its
hereafter.
The man
who
While
builds a house for their shelter, has but to call on the forest
in Allah's
Xiliil'
name,
The age
of miracles for
the
There
suffice.
is
known
for
officer
sit,
ago, a well-
a follower
little
was
Two
down to a couple
it
still
in great
life pills,
and
To
is
remedy had a
fairly
good run.
may
arise.
If,
for instance,
Mr.
'
CHAPTER
VII r.
of level plain, as
tree,
PAT.^
flat as
a billiard-table or
stunted,
monotony
"
Paty
of the
this, to
elastic, it offers
mud,
fairly
cover the
good substitute
impassable.
vegetation as
much
so
but the
rain, fortunately
the most
and roads
is
Almost impervious
to water, the
the worse the mud, and, apparently, the less the water can sink
through, the more easily the smallest running stream cuts out a
channel for
itself.
Consequently,
when
it
rapidly forms little ravines, and the hill torrents scour out deep
widened out
Here and
sufficiently,
^
to
there,
admit of some
little
green thing
7G
the crack
too
Avater
is
and the
treeless,
far
Dry
good
for a
more
among the
the low
hills
or
Like the
in places
is
redeemed
ingenious system of
some
to
local equivalent
Up
Dera
by a laborious and
extent,
artificial irrigation,
stones of
'pachdcl in
may
little
be called wooded.
for its
excellent fruit trees and luxuriant gardens, in the old days the
resort of the choicest houris of its old
harem
of Sarwar
or
current
Khan.
country, that
make up
still
that in other parts, even of India, help to give variety and interest
to the scenery.
pass,"
is
The fame
of a single
of
mangoe
is
it
sent to
which
Lahore.
particularly characteristic
vs^as
so
While
Never
"
good
of
visit it
To
long straight
line,
To the
north,
Koh
the blue
hills
the Ruttah
form
Koh
a complete
known as
stony gorges,
whence
The whole
issue
the
tract,
hill
torrents
and
which
Vahoa
in the south, to
Wherever these
turn on the
Tank
PAT.
is
of the picturesque.
over the
jm/f
when
at
thrown into
is
alike.
water enough to
is
broken, and
from
monotonously
in the north, is
fields,
77
and a gallop
but the substitution of the young camel, for the spring lamb, the
slouching Powindah, for the
camp
"
idyllic
eminently
is
not particularly
is
The
enchantment.
lends
or the rude
proverbial harvester,
nearer
the
hills
are
approached, the less inviting they become, the more savage the
bare knife -like edges, the want of trees, and the scarcity of water,
while
once
Macgregor,
hills,
the
inside
is
not so
''
Khan
sensation,
being
that of
the
spurs,
much
has
in
as
described
by perpendicular
The
walls.
enough earned
fairly
by
among
a valley
ej^ithet
its
Dera dismal."
From
and
"
or Zao,
dismal
cros?ed
is
than a
the
it
Gumal
the
Tank zam,
or river
last
and the
them.
Some
known
by the
names
expeditions, others
local
even the
78
.4
Gumal becomes
and
watch the
to
likely
Edwardes
groom,
off cattle
and
fiddlers,
had eventually
of
arrears
At Draband
among
Border
it
him but
He
there
that
is
is,
When
side
to tlie
Bannu
the
latter,
Edwardes,
it is
now
and
is
west, the
ttie
and by the
route,
or there
In the range
in his
a polestar of
be decided
is to
'
it.
and whose
the tomb of a
is
was
saints,
persons, which
pay,
to find Ks.4,000 to
drauofht from
many
but
liberally to
of the
relatives
them, and
tribes using
tells
I'riendri,
by the outposts
also
Gumal
Of
passes,
those on the
for
India
distribution
as far
as the
Persian
and the
their owners a
79
importance.
Not
so
much by
his fruits,
is
known
in
necessary to see
est
compound
which he
him,
"
him
It
is
to
"
not
rank-
passes.
"
dress," as
Bellew describes
and
coat, travel-stained
unkempt and
deo^ree,
last
weather-worn features
common Pouindah
proud to pass
is
Such
for.
The term
collective
name
migratory Pathans
and India
all
who engage
tribe, the
origin, their
authorities set
of kMlehi or
issue of
down
swordsman
as his
probable.
swordsmen
"
The
but the
the affections
much more
of
only chance of
clans,
as of Turkish
who seduced
young lady
and the
the
most famous
many
is
the
in the
is
poivindah,
all
his
subsequently
son of
theft,
80
in the present,
an undoubtedly
fine
among
race
as
regards
stature,
wares at a
A Powindah
profit,
not altogether
Fruit-seller.
Briton himself.
Assembling every
march
in
THE POWIXDAII AND TEE PAT.
81
the attacks of the Waziris, Kakars, and other Border tiibes through
whose
territory they
Gumal
pass
way
The
loat of
they, or their
camp
villages,
is
from the
and
first to last
Not
been colonised by
Their numbers
may be judged
of the passes by our militia stationed there for the purpose of dis-
in 1878,
trifling
district in
last
named
1877,
over 33,000
were males, more than half being fighting men. In 1878 their parties
were accompanied by upwards of 77,000 camels and 188,000 sheep
and
goats.
Kdjilas
travel
many of whom,
down
there are
men
same
Patna,
camp-
in the
Dera Ismail
district,
much
numerous
any
regard to
villasfe
boundaries.
sort
come simply
off to graze,
cattle
and
third
England
as labourers,
and
still
more
not always
where their
of breeding
of
continue to
still
are left for the cold season, while the rest of the clan go off to
trade, the
with
kirris,
children, arms,
railway,
and often as
far as
women,
in spite of the
caravans
regular
Home
Rule, did
stone-breaking,
often subsisting on
82
in bagging at the close of their clay's work, and saving the bulk of
their earnings to go back to Afghanistan again.
Rough and
stony as
hills of
least formidable of
are the
has to face.
silk of
may be
engagements.
have
" soft
some record
it
may
Speaking
pass.
Gumal he has
disagreeable
to deal
as
he can
from heaven.
the gentle
rain
carried on
day's
march
or rear
is
little
excitement in van
cattle.
it
in the
at
the
Powindah
Many
mouth
of
highway robbery.
of
finish
himself.
of the clans,
Powindahs,
though classed as
differ entirely in
Ghilzais,
and spoken of as
The Nasars,
pay
by
ass-folk,
Popularly
and sheep-folk.
PAT.
camel-folk, the
83
excellence,
owning
between 30,000 and 40,000 camels, are probably the poorest, the
They
Kohat mines
met with
and the
at every
or grain
ass-folk are to be
frontier roads.
The
ox-folk
some
The
sheep-folk,
who
owning
April.
hills
the Gumal, are a poor tribe, mainly labourers and carriers, and
is
only suspended
when they
warlike.
men
who, though
rough
set,
out of
it.
over a great extent of the hilly territory from Peshin nearly as far
as Jelalabad.
bring but
some
little
scale, travelling
selling
to
many
as far as
Some
of
them
and
and merchants on
are brokers
profits in cash.
of their
men
Tank
in 1879,
and nearly
by our troops
all
the
in suppressing
it.
Probably the richest of the Powindahs are the Mian Khels, whose
summer home
is
same name
many of the
and every now and
In
life,
settled
fact,
G 2
84
tlieu
trip to
Kabul
or
Bukhara,
wliile
Most
Bukhara trade
their hands.
silk,
They belong
to the
Lohani or Rawani
division
of
Khan A Mian
is
in
from rawdni,
the Ghilzais
they dress
Mir Alam
better,
live
Khel Ghilzai.
pluck, but are credited with preferring to remonstrate " with all
the eloquence
smugglers."
of
avarice,
He may
take castles
own a
preference to
to lose, but
leading caravans
rather than armies into that profitless breach where the exchange
is
against
all parties.
and imimportant
are a small
85
tribe,
who have a
little strip
growing
valley,
PAT.
rice
The Niazais
fertile
serials, are
with Bukhara.
trade
profitable
latter.
and
fruits
The Tokhis,
and madder.
hold the
clans,
The
Ghilzai.
Tarrakkis,
who
district
hail
south of
original settlers in
men and
The minor
camels.
a family
clans
may be
be both
to
said
more
tribes are
times, traders
and
one
for
In earlier
the plains,
of the tribe
permanently.
to
hills
previously
hne.
who
About the
time of
settled
in
The
Tank.
Bannu
part of the
Akbar
latter
ment
Edwardes
Kulachi
as the
in
the
district
the result of
tahsil.
most superior
Babar
is
holdings
assist
extensive
them
settle-
by
their
an
Po-
civilization
fool
Lohani
Marwats, with
the
in the
along
the Marvvats
noticed,
all
the
of
several
clans
settled
rise to
a proverb that a
by their
next
neighbours
and
kinsmen,
the
86
Shirinis,
rich, quiet
and honest
traders.
it
was estimated
fifty lakhs.^
no very reliable
trade,
careful estimate
and in 1870
at
l^orts
fruit,
madder,
lakhs, the
The
silk,
and within
it,
it is
wonders in
and
it is
would ensure a
already
this direction.
is
considerable extension.
policy, that
Approximately 500,000.
would do
CHAPTER
IX.
According
place,
came
to
one of the
Solomon, not
legends of the
of exceptional fame.
their
many Muliammadan
As the happy
named
of Jerusalem,
Balkis, a beauty
taught
begged
for
air
loved home.
by
genii,
the lady
last look at
her be-
was able
referred to
to indulge her fancy for a view of the plain, recently
1
Throne.
88
"Dera
as
The
Dismal.''
quite a fashionable
place
of Solomon,
much
held in
is
of pilgrims,
resort
and
respect,
is
not
stars of guidance,
is
The summit
of this mountain,
mapped by our
"
surveyors,
is
country, a tribe who, with their affiliated clans, extend from our
up
rather
that separates
ments are
in the
low
ar)d
no man's land,
to the
hills
" the
Waziris.
east,
bloody Border
"
and
arid
character
sterile
but
the
Dahri,
affording
the
to
The
plain.
crest
and upper
valleys of the
Shirani country
is
The more
rally.
egress
and
of the
who occupy
fixed homesteads
and
pasture their flocks on the higher slopes, are the most friendly
disposed to us
the least so
given
to
us, fortunately
plundering
and
villages
other
fear
not numerous,
malpractices.
lot of land
In the
was thrown
In any other
of their attacks.
Police,
defence,
The
and returned
fighting
the bulk of
us.
even
to
strength of
whom
all
Pathans,
country,
turned their
losing a single
man.
their
Draband without
have behaved
exceptionally
well,
SOLOMON'S THRONE
89
chiefs,
the Jirgah.
and enabled us
aid
tribesmen
the
of
Takht survey
themselves
all
an
men
bones, the
and
For
the
dress,
poorer
tribesmen
have
coarse blanket round the waist, and another over the shoulders
The
Pathan
trousers,
black ringlets
surmounted by a
is
clingy gold
his straggling
His large
cap.
thick canoe-shaped shoes were once decorated with red and gokh
while
if
he
the picture
up
is
of
silk,
curved sword, an
who
war-path,
he
if
live
to the
Lurgas who
poor
exceptionally
lives
;
many
are employed
As a
the valley.
in
tribe,
they are
by
as servants
our territory.
They marry
the
late
in
dowry, instead
liave
kind,
also
is
sort
of local
called NiJca,
oldest family.
scarce
receiving
of
Providence,
who
so, as
their trade
is
They
tithes in
receives
perhaps, exceptionally
on by barter.
is
is
said to be
mainly carried
agriculture,
and
this
90
impossible
is
lutely
witliout
irrigation.
Except
cattle.
to
horses, absofuel, of
much
have
to
of the hill sides, and close the entrance at night with the branch
ff a thorny tree.
territoiy,
tribe
many
of the necessaries of
settle in large
numbers
ful
as a
tarium.
scenery,
fine
position,
rule,
difficult of access,
encouraged to
it
would be
is
great
valuable
and though
to
be use-
as a
forests,
sani-
and grand
of
water
j^robably too
much more
it
is
magnificent pine
climate,
would make
life.
the Takht
strategic
Its
and
infinitely better
the altitude of
with British
is
It is
somewhat
Gumal and
South of
the
Shirani
by a variety of wild
after a holy
to
the Zhob.
tribes,
of
is
held
so called
Their lands are mainly across the Border, in villages just beyond
the passes in
are
now
tiie
low outer
hills,
it.
Until about a
when a
to
take to agriculture.
Mnsa
Kliels forced a
Their country
is
many
number
of
them
enlisting in our
army and
police.
SOLOMON'S THRONE
They
cattle,
two main
clans,
like
91
who
cut
short
it
and, as between
Zhob
the
nomad Pathans
of
tribes
the
are
river,
importance and
of
the
for
Kakar
origin
reported
with us
Isots
both
are
neither are of
and
qiaiet
much
not
inoffensive,
main dependent on
little
tribes,
their relations
handful of
fakirs, called
located
which
village
Beyond the
the
Zirkanni,
at
is
burying-place
gTeat
and
Zhob,
entrance
eastern
between
the
pass,
the Powindahs.
of
and
river
the
to
Ghilzai
the
who
down
British
to
may
its
Guma], and
name from
come
large
the opening of
for
rarely
or less favourable
as the
Sir
All of
and
interests,
progressing so
Tank
takes
border,
though the stream called the Gumal higher up, bears other names
along
Khan.
its
and
finally
It is pojiularly
described,
Really
length,
it
and
is
merely
regarded
a highway of the
commercial importance,
range to Kajuri-Kach
Dera Ismail
in
doorway of Ghazni.
strategic
as
well
as
the
greatest
for after
the
as
traders just
join, the
river
bed
or
to
where the
92
Gumal
Up
proper to Ghazni.
Zhob
Leading more
well known.
towards Peshin
valley
also pretty
is
Shaikh -Haider, the Draband, and the Dahna which again comlateral valleys described
by Major
The Draband
of the range.
is
Gumal, but some lengths where nature has torn a passage through
the
terrific
The Dahna
now
said to be
is
Shaikh Haider
or
all
but impracticable.
though both
little better,
it
and the
caravan routes.
The upper
distance
it
traverses the
Kundil, follows
the
it
forty miles
Zhob
to the head,
elevation
is
it
of
about
mainly,
if
7,500
feet,
into
The Powindah
Masaud
after
country to Ghazni.
route
For some
known.
across the
less
from Khelat-i-Ghilzai.
is
whence
valley,
Katawaz
and
Naisirs,
who occupy
the plains south and east of the Ab-i-Istada, and the Indian side
of
beyond
this range,
prising clans,
but
if it
It
may be doubted
if
any con-
it is all
carried
by these enter-
Gumal,
so soon
SOLOMON'S THRONE
the
as
is
necessary
tribal
arrangements
have
been
93
completed,
all
arms of the
service,
Zhob
by the
the
Kandahar
position
than
The
On
for
would
necessarily
follow,
while
the
third
desideratum would
Sulaiman country
to Ghazni.
be
extended
by
the
Dawar
valley
to
Ghazni, or
by the
94
Ivliailier direct to
North
Pass,
of the
we have
it
to deal with a
powerful
tribes.
troublesome of
whose
Waziris,
abuts
only
territory
the main
is
the.
border
on
the
ours
at
Pass,
though
It will therefore
Bitannis.
hill
first,
The
Kesh
the
who
Afghan,
distinguished
for
and
the
all
Urman
to
peojile,
Mahsud
and
Gumal
to as bordering the
much more
Waziris are
to either.
all
Bannu
tain in the
wholly in the
Tank
and
district.
hills,
Till
but have
to
to
are
years
fifty
gone
have
be responsible
our neighbours
some
now
said
is
f;iith,
moun-
and
is
plain
also
Bud
in.
them, as
called after
On
have necessarily
our border.
to
are generally
the
through
pass
The two
far as
hemmed
sanitarium of Shaikh
in
their
more
or less at feud
reach
to
territory
though
pedigree, they are only just emerging from barbarism, their hill
posses.sions are stony
Wiry and
and
hundred sheep
active,
thriftlessness.
" is
they have
"A
still
hundred Bitannis
a country-side joke.
mud
and
a reputation for
will
Inveterate thieves
eat
when
SOLOMON'S THRONE
opportunity
offers,
95
sjsies
and their
all
title of "
the clans
is
probably not
much in
were more or
less ill-conditioned,
The
fighting-
j^art of
the
Border, and for some years the Waziri lion has been restrained,
for complaint.
CHAPTER
X.
AFGHAN TRADITIONS.
According
most Oriental
to
historians, the
They
tribes.
if
Afghans believe
lot,
some would
identify as the
traditions
moved eastward
Muhammad
reliable
called
quered
ff
arose
the
Bani
it
in
Israil,
as
there
There
is
most
people,
Projjhet
of the
mentions
histories certainly
settled
when the
One
Persian
into the
after to
conis
in
Jew
in
many
cases
it is
so
striking that the two could hardly be distinguished, but the same
might perhaps be
in
The
use of Jewish
is
so
common
mistaken
for
names
that some
of their
genealogies might be
AFGHAN
early tribal names,
TRADITIONS.
the
calamity,
an animal, and
the offering
up
smearing the
of sacrifices,
the
doorway
On
to
Muhammadans
southern Pushtu,
soft";
nothing in
common
to the Aryan,
is
Hebrew
be,
hereafter assist
and written,
King
more
to
a
in
sound
ligent, learned
people
a sneaking-
Their
traditions,
The
" Malik,"
who from
wisdom
the shoulders
is,
is
Afghan genealogist
conclusion.
Israel, celebrated
It
allied
especially
the
appear to have
fictions of the
is
persist
of
best,
Pukhtu
Opinion
stock.
theory,
feeling, that
Talut, the
or Chaldaic, but
against the
while those
rites
all
oral
the
generally.
on
is
with the
may
lot,
or the
avert
to
common
practice
stoning to death of
doubt
The
particularly-
The Passover-like
97
The
story
is
style.
Niamat
and accomplished
Ullah, well
known
to every intel-
who
why nothing
explore notable
its
tribes,
partly because, ever since the time that Musa, the interpreter of
the All- Wise, vanquished Iharo, and since Bukhtu-n-nasr, the great
Sham
Coj^tes,
and was
jDerraitted
98
deserts, without
ascends by Yacoob,
Ibrahim, to
IsaCik,
Nuh
tln;ir
to sovereignty
the pi-ince of
"
and
it is
make up such
memory
and committed to
traditions,
Kais
or
Kesh, the
whole of wdiose inheritance from his father and his uncle consisted
Kais had a son, a choice young man, whose name
of four sheep.
looking
fetched Avater
astray,
and
young man
from
wdiile
after
the
the
Nile.
kinfj
for
them, he
Ismael,
went
fell
in with a
who
forthwith
Sarul
by one of
named
Tawalut,
called
Two
Tawalut looked
oil
was
four
and
he
tallness
whom
into
the tribe
he had a daughter,
subse-
who had
lie
most
important
affairs of
also
born
death,
in
two
tlie
the king-
Of these
and
Iramiah.
after
their
Daud
subsequently
father's
entrusted to each
sons,
of
the
two
sons
the
govern-
AFGHAN
merit
of
promoted
tribe
high
to
by the
that
so
TRADITIONS.
divine
on the
bore
state,
99
favour
arena
they
the
were
ball
of
bravery and fortitude, and every army they led on, was by their
by
Such proof
the
and triumph.
victory
of
of superiority
them exalted
bre(ize
Barakiah became
positions.
prime
to grant to
and
minister,
versal welfare
them was
in his time
and
tribe,
the
cultivation
Euh
blessed,
of
former named his Assaf, and the latter called his Afghana,
the death of their respective fathers, both
filled
After
positions
Afghana
or temple at Jerusalem,
of
descendants
their
this,
having eighteen
sons,
angel of death,
stood
multiplied
and Afghana
forth
forty.
to completion.
exceedingly
And when
Assaf
Azrail, the
them.
Time
passed, and
nasr to subjugate
Israel to worship
him
the
their
religion
of
on
forefathers,
Afghana adhered
account of which,
and Kohistan-i-Faroza
fixed their
on
the
mountainous
;
where the
heathen
put to death
Kandahar, and
infidels
extending
Ghazui.
their
increasing
them, most
around
borders
At the
same
had
Kohistan-i-Ghor,
districts of
tribes of
habitation, continually
to
after
to
of
whom
they
Kohistan-i-Kabul
time
part
of
them
moss
100
Tin-:
uorder.
by Ibrahim.
up
residence
their
in
Fifteen
Muhammad's beauty
of
the vicinity
of Mecca,
years
upon
after
Sulaiman's
whom
be peace
arose and
all
the nobles
blessing,
Nine years
in the place
it.
of
illumined
of the
sun
the
time,
who
day
to this
called Khalidi
Bangash
sent a letter
tribe)
to the
On
As
to Ibrahim,
sorts
Arabic Kais
Wise
"
becoming
their
Abdu-r-rashid,
title
of
revealed
to
pilot of his
countrymen
Abdu-r
in the
way
it
for
the
of
their
Pathan^
comparing Kais to
servant
Malik bestowed on
signifies rudder,
"
lavished all
Hebrew names
the
who
the
So success-
AFGHAN
TRADITIONS.
101
had accelerated
and
[or
dervishes, devotees
Muhammadans
saints, excelling in
whom
of
sons,
on
tribes
such
from each of
as
scale
whom
The Almighty
to relate
all
sons
conception.
of his
sents
whom descended
pass
to
Sharkhbun and
sons.
Kurshbun. * * * *
But
it
necessary here to
is
j)art
and arranged the scattered and confused genealogies, and from the
mines of Ahmedian records made schemes
From
these
sons
of Kais
proper, from
of
Sarbun
the
from
or
Abdiilis
From
claim
Yusafzais,
have
sjjrung.
sons of the
the
first
Tarins,
The Afghans
to the
two sons
Persian lover,
round Peshawur.
all
From
to
Durranis,
length
in the plains
last
five
to
large
admixture of
all
and
others.
102
Some
for
Muhammadanism.
many
Karrhai, or
Afghan saying
Wa-illahu 'alam,
In India
though
of
as
"
unconverted to
are generally
Divided into
Karralani.
"
for
the
all
many
all
God
longer
legends as to
the
much
by
much
and
or only
Rohilla "
from
Boh
or Koh, a
mountain.
Even
their
was
as DuiTani,
who reside
'
it,
admit
or
and
Pathan
from
it is
" is derived.
this
to
name
of their
being Pukhtans,
By no means
and there
all
the Pathans
And
called so.
some
of
them
so quite a
as Scotchmen, Irishmen,
speak English,
number
In Hindustan the
claim to
it
is
title is
of
Pukhtun
assumed by
Englishmen
or Pathan.
all sorts
of mongrels,
whose
himself as European.
by virtue of
his language,
the Amir, he
may
be
and
if
is
so
called
called
Sulaiman Khel
(Ghilzai) Horse-dealers.
CHAPTER
XI.
Between
" at
west
frontier.
defiles,
hills,
way
and
less
Dawar
white mountains,"
brave and
patriotic,
"
valley, of
lie
between the
Geographically and
is
is
more
131
The
especially true.
by the Bitanuis
cliffs, Avhicli
fertile,
east front
is
beyond which
ravines, flanked
by precipitous
they ascend.
asfain as
it
at right angles,
its
and forming a
a mere
is
In these valleys, and the small strips of alluvial land which border
the base of the higher mountains, locally called "ketches"
are quite a distinctive feature of the whole range
there
and
to
The edges
field.
often a
a great deal of
ino-enuity
skill
hill sides,
is
and irrigated
which
field
above.
Avith
enough
difficult
in
ordinary
the
and a base of
supplies.
Until the
Dawar Valley
is
reached, there
less accessible,
of Kabul.
and practically
it
the
it.
From
the west
it
is
enable
them
to live
starve, the
Amir
is
frontier-lines,
1
it
Even
Literally, icaist.
cost us over
much
Kanigunim
get to
lives, to
governed people
moi'e essentially
if
of these
as the earliest,
in hand, to
who,
if
he cannot
his oyster,
and he
open the
latter's
and
bales,
cut
to
and
throat,
his
to
They
many these
travelling
is
our north-west
all
The
your Waziri.
fits
all,
Bannu
still
From
Powindab
essentially a self-
"
though the
in 1860,
difficulty.
The inhabitants
it.
105
tribes.
are luxuries
up
it
would be un-
country,
sections,
face of the
feuds more
uncommon.
strength of
its position,
its
independence.
And
it
is
to this,
that Waziristan
Taking
is
not a
men.
contingent that,
and
is
mean
the problem
Backward School"
little
spilt
is
indebted for
who would be
would be
when the
in excess
quality
is
of our enemies.
up
106
Xor
"woukl
it
tlie
descent of
Mabmuds, and
By
Malisuds, whose
names
are
still
far the
up
Lalais extend
Waziris would
call
original
home from
Avhence they came, and some of the Gurbaz reside on the borders
of Kliost, but no great
consist of
two great
of the
sections, the
Kurram.
Utmanzais
no reason
right
The
to particularise.
bank
Some
Valle3'^s.
others regularly
come
hills
in fo trade.
is
of the
and Dawar
first
Another
division, the
and
Kabul
Khels, are extremely wild and lawless, ready to join with any one
in mischief and devilry, and have, as the Frontier Reports put
"
hensive
as for instance,
made twenty
it
villages,
In return
for
as a household
raids, finishing
Bannuchi
"
;
it,
some fourteen
which Nicholson
and burnt.
all to
it.
flows into
it,
On
bank
now
of the
nearly as
Kurram, north
mnny
of
Bannu, though
soil,
and the
many
hills whicli
a grassy slope,
afford
settlements,
if
for their
camels and
107
Their proper
flocks.
stones, often
which, like the Irish cabins, are shared with their cattle and
sticks,
and
fierce breed.
boldest thief
among them
property deposited
will
The
of the
Dawar
valley,
it
most
sacred.
The
any
off
all
is
fairly
Something
will
all,
to.
first
been referred
the
find
Shaman Khel
sections,
the first-named
and as robbery
opposed
is
unless
it
institute
foes.
it
is
The boast
unin
of the former,
108
that, while
of all the
Afghan
have remained
tribes,
free,
chord of sympathy
alone,
might
strike a
know no law
or will
but their
provided them
with
hunting-ground
fair
for
form of hotel
The
plunder.
by taking
bills.
Even the
up the measure
of their iniquities,
and
in
1860, General Chamberlain forced his way into the heart of their
latter.
On
one
paid
down
by our proceedings
again,
and
fired the
finally,
in the
amongst
town of Tank.
Kennedy being
Kabul
Valley, they
other tribes,
This led
sent against
to
them
became discontented
came down
in force
and
in 1881,
that not even their most distant glens, or wildest and pathless hills
could protect
cepted
the
gi'eatest
humiliation
Pathan
clan
can
ac-
suffer,
One
of
many
respects
sparing an
noble savages.
enemy
tall,
1884<.
Desperate in their
if
forays,
never
THE FRONTIER SWITZERLAND.
the
kill
He
women.
rob
or
women present in
" may you come
are
greatly to their
himself on
and entertained
ignorant,
him
will
never
a certain
men and
men
according to
and
illiterate
superstitious,
of all sorts,
who
own
profit.
rank.
with
for Mullahs,
Many
he
freely,
catches
tations, enjoy
is
when he
far chivalrous,
learning,
little
109
always "
generally
dangerously
a Waziri
rather prides
They
let off
is,
of the
still
w^ell as
anything
credited with
else.
some regard
for
truthfulness.
For
adultery they kill the woman, but cut off the nose of the man,
women do
Their
The bridegroom
having
fifty or sixty
bridesmaids,
lesser
who
number
of
vengeance
many
and
it
is
and indiscriminate
handed down
for
110
The
is
make up money,"
or
must be
in cash
A woman
each.
lu/ifji
can be killed
manently incapacitates a
and
of Rs. 500
wounds
apportioned
is
billiard -cloth,
The
50.
man
is
compensated
much
cost of a
an eye.
in the
G50 and a
The
by a payment
tariff for
sword-
Rs. 12-8
for the
first half-inch.
of the Waziri
so on,
it
costs Rs.
250 to cut
down a
The moral
scale
to
it
would be tedious
off
Ill
a nose
E.s.
100
by mistake
for
an
ear,
and
to extend.
is
when
Mahsuds
stan
is
So
far
out of consideration
two or
their utmost
left
It is notorious that,
and
to
particularly
open
to
British
influence,
which we could
An
if
strong positions
bounds of
a position.
possibility that
at
in the country
it is
and
establish such
CHAPTER
Xir.
Whether
Baii-i- Afghan
and
Ban-i-Israil
are
or
identical,
tribes
among
is
no doubt that
all
an eye, a tooth
hand
for a tooth,
among
applied to
the
"
all sorts
liberty to lay
If
of offences.
"
it,
of the latter
may
to B, the latter,
If
an ox of
A's.
There
to
if
kill
it
is
is
at
any member
to "
pay
forfeit,"
Should
Finally,
The
probably prac-
in Yusafzai.
an eye
life,
foot."
be called upon
misconduct.
for A's
and the
is
Any
of A's clan.
as they call
Children of Joseph
for
is
to kill
Not
to so
and
clans,
is
to
attempts at a settlement.
may happen
He
a British regiment.
commanding
to his
home
again, kill
house in order,"
rejoin,
to his country.
The Yusafzais
them
go away
"
put his
literally,
13
is
have to come up
will
mixed up
in
The majority
some
affair of
the kind.
If B's
property has been stolen, he can call upon A, or any one he sus-
is
is
pects,
if
from
to Z, to give
needful oath,
is
B must
he succeeds in doing,
of innocence.
is
guilty,
and
to take the
method
them
children,
home and
altogether,
property, which in
of
some
more
spite of
particularly applicable to
it,
simply
effective,
It is
The
rule
another.
Revenge may,
though
as
Bacon
this particular
particularly profitable.
it is
says,
form of
If a
it
man
it is
not
for
to
go
for
the particular eye for eye, or tooth for tooth, besides being unprofitable,
it
seems
to
and
if
money
I
value,
114
and assess
The
all
idea of
" blood-
" is familiar
money
Among
everywhere in Afghanistan,
common
is
Border Pathans.
to all the
among
Ordinarily,
six
the
women
for a
the forehead
(surely
wound above
unless
women
tariff is six
breaking a
for
but
for
a hurt below
it
held sufficient.
happen
relations
loss of
to
be very
much married
he or his
if
already, or he prefer
it,
thirds of
division of the
same as
which goes
for the
to the
husband
Besides
Mohmands, the
If
it
or the
is
gun
gunshot wound
Widow
is costly,
is
abduction
is
only half
is
and
relations have to
this, his
as expensive.
murder
victim's heirs
and
fine for
own a
To keep a
is
" respectable,"
and
is
to
wound with
Rs. 50
it,
occasion,
Government should be
regular scale
115
all
items of blood-
for all
offering to give us
The Kuki
Khels paid a
fine of Rs.
And when
officer
Utman Khels
the
compensation was adjusted after Cavagnari and Battye had surprised their villages, they agreed in addition to a fine, to
money
" at
and twenty-two
at Rs, 200,
None
He, or
To
damaged
at Rs. 100,"
was the
provisions of
it are,
women
measures
with provisions
for enforcing
the weapon or
means
"
(2) against
for
used.
property
taking oaths,
Murder
them.
bullet,
and
(3)
trial
Death by sword-cut
inflict it is
more expensive.
for revenge,
they
may
kill
is
If the heirs of a
murder was by a
bullet,
Where
and
all
on the same
murdered man
thirst
if
mode
ordeal,
according to
to kill
first
(1)
though,
the
refer to
by or relating
by
classified
is
system
for
The
to
coolies
'
actually paid.
bill
"
blood-
the rate of Rs. 200 for each coolie killed, and Rs. 100
for
"
will
elect
for the
difference in the
penalty would be to cut off the murderer's right foot or his nose.
At
116
women
at Rs.
be considered a
to
much
in-
lower.
The
three days, and both sides pledged their solemn concurrence on the
The
Koran.
gones
first
should cease
all hostilities
Rs. 1,200
Pathan
in
The
officer.
hand
or foot (for
Rs 80),
as a set-off of
forefinger, Rs.
are
For
60
Rs. 500
for
laming an
him
to eat.
the
laming a
for
to
man,
inferior
fingers, Rs.
all
killing a Pathan,
finger, a goat or a
to help
refer all
down
man's
fourth laid
make-up-money," as follows
be by-
count
to give
Pathan thumb or
60
for
an
inferior
made by
The
suspect
in doubtful
murder cases
is
simple in the
if
Koran that
inconvenient to bring so
many, he can bring a few men, but they must each take more
oaths.
man
may
(reduced to
fifty
only, if the
For bodily
For a
still
slighter assault,
such
and
assistance
of
his friends,
village.
threats
"
course which
is
payment
down, and
disgrace prevented, by
11'
of the
satisfied,
and the
These are but samples of a code that provides and often provides
ingeniously for most cases of violence and theft either of the man's
precepts in the abstract, on the old principle that even bad laws
all, it
much
may
bloodshed,
among
and Belt
the Waziris.
many
CHAPTER
XIII.
The Dawar
Afghanistan.
It
more
is
facilities,
is
it
offers
much
importance,
its
it
value for
movement on Kabul,
is
even
still
it
In
greater.
Hindu
The
high mounds at the mouth of the passes, and the ancient remains
scattered through the valley,
cities,
mark the
while
it
tolerably certain
Mahmud
Hindu
idols,
it
was
the ruins of
coins,
is
sites of
And
in
heavy
rains, furnish
encampments.
Like so many others of the passes, the
only at the Indian end
and
it is
perhaps
''
no
exaggeration to
THE DAWAR OR
say, the
wliole route
119
better
is
TOCIII VALLEY.
Bannu, though the entrances are within a few miles from our
As with some
outposts,
will
make them
to
perfectly easy,
The
Purgatorio behind.
is
but which
the best
track,
more
is
Dante's
known a mere
same name,
long
all
is
much more
rocky and
the valley near the village of Isohri; and a third by the Khasora
return of the
Masaud expeditionary
force in
1860
Once through
is
reached.
called plains
waist,
rich, productive,
by a considerable
river,
villages,
whole extending as
far as
Dawar
Valley, and
finds its
way
fix
to India
and
the Tochi,
wealthy
open
more
out
fairly
known
or less
by flanking towers
the
by
this route.
is
also the
offer
no great
difficulties
streams flowing to the Indus and the Helmand, the most direct
120
it,
of the
foot
Ghazni,
to
Detailed information
is
still
One
wanting.
of the
explorers, a
of these
last
no obstacle to military
offers
this
various
expeditions,
in
the
The Lower
is
somewhat
as
at
the
feverish,
head of
ordinarily fertile
in every
is
of the ground,
that respect
in
way
desirable
healthy highlands,
breezy,
are
it
command some
swampy nature
position
lie
much
main stream
in the
manner
The course
line of a
connected with
with the
To
its
to,
where
of
the
river,
east,
is
Gumal system
just referred
marks the
tribes.
Indus.
might
lately prospected,
rises the
and
more than
old
southwards.
maps
as the
From
Kohnok
Dua Gumal,
a stream
THE DAWAR OR
main Gumal
joins the
it
till
The waters
cation.
TOCIII VALLEY.
to the
south-west of Waziristan,
an excellent second
afford
line of
rises
it
Along most
may
of its
is
many
it
is
few hours.
grown
communi-
121
and the
herds of cattle.
it
well
througliout
cattle
villages ore
is
seldom narrower
cultivated, a
Birmal
is
places,
it
in winter.
do
in
The
not look as
There
is
why
south of
Dawar Valley
the
Jadran
the
over
Range
Masaud country
the
is
Razmak
wide
is
Sir.
admittedly
West and
undulating country,
affording
easy
roads
to
is
Edwardes,
a byword of
is
live
is
well known.
name
reproach.
with
all
to
the
vices of the
the Dawari
universally described as
An
is
as a bad character
Waziris, he
by a Bunniichi.
is
but
122
bo said of
To
liini.
worn
is
or
Hyat Khan, a
bound up
for it indicates
he can
in great
is
less
food,
but
for
it
will carry,
in his pocket
in his clothes, as to
as a
sachet.
As a youth he
will
his
more or
He
says
in this
afford to indulge
they
till
Rankness
beard plucked out to keep his face smooth, and wear flowers in
his turban
and frighten
enemies by putting on a
his
hardly any
He
he
known
ready for
narcotic with
is
to
fierce
any robbery, or
which he
to
In
expression.
is
is essentially
is
is
back up any
villainy,
man
but he has
as
an exceedingly
far cry.
settlers to a cruel
degree
He
the
Hindu has
to give
to
Bannu
few Hindu
up a
wife if
off,
is
conspicuous in
if
time
to
Dawaris.
the requisite
to save tlic
of the plain.
Sodom
or
number
Duwar
Gomorrah, and
it
may
fairly
be doubted
villages
fell
on the
cities
THE DA WAR OR
TOCIII VALLEY.
is
originated
is
123
His
not clear.
is
only desirous to be
is
The
come.
go on in his
let alone, to
by
It
seems
its
to
protec-
have been
whose
son,
Bahadur Shah,
is
some
The Durrani
lieu-
to extort revenue
stories of a
mere
forays.
and
still
is,
Border,
Muhammad, though
enough
authorities, practically
perfectly independent.
really
it
has been,
the
favour of
Dost
Amir,
several
must be
handed over
to
or blockades without
when
they
And though
Queen.
if
Government
the
has dealt
to
and
only some few years ago the valley was reported a hot-bed of
disaffection
plead
tlie
for others
it
and fanaticism.
was not
until they
righteousness, and
fairly
made
became notorious
for
mammon
of un-
124
us.
it is
needless to consider
we
make
to
excellent
workmen but
work as navvies
inveterate beggars,
They
but their
The
fertile
of
many
come
into
of
Bannu
amount
among
points
Sherannia,
like
command
practically
the
cannot be long
Bannu
to
line
is
completed, and
presumably
Nor
Gumal.
than
is
there
would be
hills
Jiighlands should
difficulty
this
left
would
that
Sarafza,
When
and
Urghiin,
If the Russians
be doubted.
the
be
via
negotiated
The
sides.
whom,
though
soldiers,
Ghazni.
From Ghazni
the
show no
to
Bannu
argument against
This, however,
difficulties.
traffic,
It
or for
its
may be
is
adoption
is,
that
traders
do
not use
it.
enterprising
Border traders
like
extreme of the
lines of
the Powindahs.
scale,
The
phy.sical
difficulties
in
way
the
of
an
occupation,
are
the
The
valley.
expedition
only
the
the
against
affair of less
1,-500 of
125
Dawaris,
Frontier
fell
it
occupied
through,
burned their
three
of the
four
or
leading
villages,
and
towers
for
made
flanking
to afternoon tea, at
in,
outside
all
way
back,
the
Tochi
not
if
again
a late dinner.
It
is
present
at
unnecessary to annex
perhaps
the
Davvar
To permit
book
come and go
in
it,
so important a line of
might be reasonably
communication
Eden
the gate of
in
to the Peri,
is
much
closed to us as
an obvious absurdity.
And
to
outposts, behind
be
remain a sealed
persist
to
insisted on.
dependent
which no
for
our
P>ritish officer is to
be allowed to look
and
its tribes,
to
it?
on native explorers
of our allies
as fatuous.
is
at least, be as free to us as
that
Mahmud's highway
is
how
should,
may
arise.
for it is impossible
CHAPTER
XIV.
As
regards
provided,
means
Bannu
of communication,
in
is,
many
respects,
one of the
prettiest,
stations.
and
its
fertility,
and
stones,"
have
all
writers,
combined
to
make
it
immigrants,
was
it
"
Aryan
Dand"
race
"
scenery,
had
Geologists talk of
it
idyllic.
left
and in winter
As
if to
make
still
after their
fruitful,
even
stuck to the
it,
perfectly
a vegetable emerald
" it is
the willow,
was
a series of pictures of
it
Bannu,
as a
earlier
the Marsh,"
To the
as she was.
it
spilt
if
Ceres had
and round the villages, the thick mulberry, festooned with the wild
127
midway through
their beads.
Roses,
Most
spring.
of the fruits of
to
perfection
delicious.
Even settlement
ness
is,
with
picturesque
officers
about
bits
and culture
report
wild,
a paradise
it
to the people,
it
Altogether,
mittance."
as
close of
yellow
its pretti-
most interesting
corn, green
trees,
murmuring
every
grey
field,
hills,
of glory
fully
its
proverbs.
Historically,
it
been numerous.
of
Alexander
is
Badsliah."
still
a popular
local
hero,
known
both of Greek
art,
as
"
left distinct
Ram.
it,
and
records,
Sikandar
fill
up a gap by
Hindus
to
power there
Mahmud and
128
century.
The
valley
was a highway
for the
armies of Timour at
the end of the fourteenth century, and was ravaged by Baber at the
Before Timour,
it
had aheady driven out the Mangals and the Hannis, and had a
the Maraats
came
their
still
finer
who drove
kinsmen,
the Niazais
eastward, settled down, and possessed the land which they called
it
to this
day,
wave of
last
colonists
flocks
The
129
hills,
and go back
to
their highlands again in tlie spring, but as flocks and herds increased,
fields
to take
While
it.
is left
toll
to acquiring
their
Mahsud
fertile
due to the
make up
now come
wife
nearly
the
all
and his
Muhammadans, and
even the Hindus, who have been long domiciled among them
Jhuta or "leavings" of
times,
and
all
the adventurers
the
at different
in the valley.
to
Every
weak Indian
who have
"
contributed, by
stature,
is
to
Shut up
nation
fleshless,
in close villages
hot beds of
and in
all
all
amongst
that
is
and
"
wizened in appearance.
and stag-
dirt."
"
bhndly obedient
to
the direction of
130
common
nothing to the
stock
ways
" litigious,
enemy
the epithet
harping
them, always
about
vicious in all
degraded
manner
about
honour
'
;
'
'
izzat,'
"
applied to
is
of
for
them by Edwardes,
Reynell Taylor, Thorburn, and almost every one who has had anything to do with them.
credit
After
this, it
which they
in
live.
do with
it,
as
some
reverse of
Fine,
tall,
said
soil
and dry
to
air,
immediate neighbours.
of their
and a
fairly
good ankle.
for the
Bannuchi.
where he has
settled
and
is
lie
for plunder,
Interesting
as
may be
characteristic condition of
Bannu,
it is still
one which on
be of exceptional importance.
To
say
more
all
so
hands
this, is
is
its strate-
admitted to
from
special
line;
own
perhaps of more
importance, the
desirability of
our
is,
131
recruiting
field,
we
it,
It
from
the
is
frontier outposts
From
the Gumal.
at
the
control
country.
we could
it
It w^ould
or
the
effectively
entire
Waziri
Dawar
and a distance
less
Bannu
When
the railway
for
we
to
is
it
constructed,
administration
much
will
enemy advancing by
now been
that route.
has
to opposite
Avhich
frontier road,
in
little
metalled
Kurrum
and
The
throughout.
the
frequent loss of
if
The
other.
bette^'
places
and
was
To
life
important
Gambila
sources
of
have
now been
crossed
streams,
like
danger
constant
by bridges
broad-gauge railway.
the
and
that,
survey for
it
is
to
to
Bannu
itself,
difficulty will
132
As
of Etlwardesabad
with
reason,
lias
disadvantages
certain
the valley
irrigated part of
is
regards
as
said to be
The
climate.
and un-
as malarious
for a
gating his
the
field
whenever
he does wash
and
fields
first.
remedy
this;
use
of.
a sanitarium, and
for
facilities
its
little
While going a
Khost, would
It possesses
The Ghabar
lies
many
that
made
pure
much
irri-
offer
highlands, or
climate
equal
to
Kashmir.
One
of the Border
merits of the
is
Kurrum
route, as
an approach to Kabul
still
Bannu
will
may
be,
undoubtedly make
Kurram
direction
sixty-six miles
Kurram
Thai,
is
wedge
of our territory,
and
some
is
Kabul, and
in the
Thai,
River, to
Waziris, a
Our
From Bannu,
railway.
it
Whatever the
whose country
is
is
in the
which
hands of the
is
closed
to us.
assistant
133
make
to
it
one
of which was
The railway
in
from Bannu
Thai, should
to
There
is
marched by
it,
and up
to
under
sent
regularly
and
so
is
far
clear to
them that
the
in
British
to see they
escort.
wanting but a
tlie
hadraga
made
the beginning of
to gain
Safe conduct.
little
firmness and
of
both, once
Government
will insist,
case
by assisting
us.
to lose
CHAPTER
BORDER ECCLESIOLOGY.
XV.
The
superstition uf the
pei'haps
" lived
respect
this
iu
materially from
he
does
said to
is
after
not,
an atmosj^here
in
Patbau
charged
very
differ
all,
who
notoriously
On
spirit-rapping
even be said
is
no
some
cases
it
miglit
in the
on the
are
still
There
West.
in
lish
Baba
in Buneyr, or
stories
Kuka
about
much
ism
Naples.
In spite of
is
slow
and respect
for their
modern
representatives, are
much
at
nearer home.
among
as of several
the binding
other people
BORDER ECCLESIOLOGY.
135
shrine," interesting devotees confess their sins, talk of their " pure
men,
to their holy
religion,"
and
for instance,
as,
to his
parish priest.
supply
it.
in
fact,
or
is
no
sacred shrines boasts any building more imposing than a big heap
of stones
crows,
and the
is
faithful.
But a
visit to
some of the
to
which mortal
from the
evil
flesh is heir.
sions,
Akhund Darwaza
the grave of
near Jelalabad,
is
at
Peshawur, or of
Akhund Musa
Women, who
number
cannot afford
resting-
not blessed
are
and lunatics
last
a round
own
locality,
of
a journey to
local
institutions.
He
Ignatius, or
like
own
has his
the
Polycarp
are
quite
modern
whom
creations.
Clement,
The
Pathaii,
apparently, the older they are, the longer their graves have become.
Near Balabagh
HazTcit Lut,
who
is
in
The Zidrat
is
of
is
Mchtar Lam,
in
Laghmau
have rested
ACROSS
136
oil
border.
nil-:
The
Noah,
to this day.
tainous,
stature
a moderate
" nine-yarders,"
As
is
known
reputed
growing
his
till
and the
tomb bid
district
"
they
had
thorough-
obstruct the
fair to entirely
authorities
to
literally are,
austere
upon
is
in the Punjab.
"
Fifty feet
Nao-Gaj'i
fare,
and
art or decoration.
mud,
or even
long, low
made with
The reputation
suffices to cover
depend upon
canonicals.
Of modern
number with
clergy
list
ecclesiastical offices
sufficiently long-sounding
names
and
if
a Pathan
as follows
shrine.
the son-in-law of
church,
of the
Hhah,
"
benefits
or
Sayud
Muhammad
who would be
to
is
of
practically
he
is
a bishop or primate
whom
title of
figuratively
138
for
list,
"
remain standing
till
he
is
rise
"Your
Excellency."
when a
He
seated."
Chapter, having
all sorts
position
off, if
or less obsolete.
in order to devote
tlieir
social
of the
Frontier.
Some
of
to
experts in discovering
are
His
Bellew, "all
still
others
"
becoming more
is
them
flocks.
not rich."
prelate he
and
is
powerful as
as
is
receivino-
leges,
he
Ecclesiastically
of repute.
saint
who
are
among
the sinners
finger of
scorn.
Sahibzadas,
the
occupy
same
about the
all
active
list,
priest,
Muhammadan
the mosque,
and
life,
or Precentor
mendicant
D.D.
the
parish
title
all,
his
may be
service
friar,
ho
is
The
iuHuence
is
represented by the
generally
of
most numenjus of
intone the
is
who
Maidvi, the
Pathan
The Fakir
who has
is
is
to
The
BORDER ECCLESIOLOGY.
whom
sures, or
The
is
bottom of the
the
of this church
the head
to
a curate with a
the seeker-after-
contrary.
approach
last of all,
said,
latter dispenses
And,
wisdom
after
might be
or it
stranded,
left
139
the nearest
scale,
probably an Akhund,
is
literally
Pope
a character so famous
Nothing perhaps
is
he
He
lives.
is
man whose
life is
Not long
ago, in the
Peshawur
or
district,
It
and
like
many
He
shelter.
"
You
went next.
Sahib,
over the
fly
Mohmands,
to
we would have
died,
" If it
so very far
man went
Border,
stretched a point,
whom
or
even
go."
of
he
a
Even
None
of
you
will
have me," he
tribe,
a Sahib." So back he
came
Wearied at length of
said,
"
I will
go and
140
down
oft"
and went
some
it,
horse, at
the
first
Not
fiiuliiig
whom
difficulties
by a range
latter could
go for his
assailant, the
it.
secm-ed, tried
in,
and
with a trouble-
man was
tlie
had
ultimately
Perfectly satisfied, as
to
make,
wdiicli
was gTanted
liim.
that
wdll
his
body
put up a Nao-
CHAPTER
XVI.
By
Englishmen
in India,
Overland Route
"
Sher
'Ali.
it,
after,
an avenging
force
full
Amir
under Sir
Kurram
up the
Fort,
among the
Thousand
Trees,"
"
"
Camel's Neck
"
caring
nothing for the snows of the Sufed Koh, deaf to the Jaji drums
and
bagpipes,
brushing
aside
Mangals
the
and
j^^^t
Zaimukhts,
anxious only to
In
camp
at
a treaty by which, not only were the foreign relations of Afghanistan to be entirely subordinated
to
British
influence, a
British
The abode
it
of Peshin, Sibi,
of happiness.
and Kurram,
142
anil
By
Kabul.
swung
set up.
established, he
India,
to
to
line of telegi-aph
to the
Kurram.
now marks
the Kohat
The
district,
though the
Kohat
toi,
river
or
and
stream,
thence
goes
a feeder of the
latter is
the
to
is
while
Indus,
a branch of the
Kurram.
Koh
lie
and the
still
more famous
"
Khaiber
route to Kabul.
"
by
of the
lies
many
other cases,
It is a
down
dug
cultivated,
varied
" wastes,
fruit
growing
from the
flourish abundantly,
little
palm
the
in their bed.
valleys,
The
holes
is-
characteristics of the
except that, as in so
country
There
country possesses.
tracts,
Kurram
More
and excep-
is
Head-men.
yew
olive,
in
fertile glades,
passing
and pines
tree
up
to ridges crested
Some
feet high.
by oak and
the
143
rises
over 15,000
unhealthy, for the same reason as Bannu, but there are few more
fertile spots
jDlacc to
Though, according to
the people.
it is
districts at
the Indus, was, in the shadowy past, subject to one tribe, which he
is
number
occupied by a great
Jaji,
it is,
of tribes
the
and
many
of which
septs,
Bangash, Turi
widely
and
classed
among Afghans
little
Some
materially.
at
all,
of
them
even usually
are not
invasions of Subaktigin
before that, though, for all practical purposes, no better term can
it,
that
living
Ghilzais,
in
about
Gurdez
in
oi
Arab
origin, de-
Zurmat
but, pressed
by the
fourteenth
settled
Bangash were
Muhammad's
whilom
the
centmy
Kurram, and
themselves doincc a
with
little
the
assistance
invasion from
of
the
Khattaks
this,
Local story
they fought a
144
tlie
for
hills
proprietary
Orakzais," a legend
tlio
quoted in support of
still
By and by came
the
Turis,
who, at
Bangash
rights.
still
named
branches,
what elaborate
and Sdmil,
Gch^
Be
destroyer."
and
as
this
it
may,
is
Bangash,
but
almost
by the
rivalled
all
the
them the
title
the
distinction
politics, affecting
still
tribes,
existing
Sdmil in
religion are
cause
quarrels,
for
the
to enable even a
mainly Bangash
bulk
the
of
Pathan
innumerable,
short;
and
complicated
of the
Kurram Valley
Shiahs.
the
their
otherwise there
up
between the
Some Sunnis by
are quite
only
is
those towards
remainder
and
so that,
possibilities
enough
remains,
still
politics,
and Magian
enmity between
bitter
surrounding
the
Originally
two main
into
and
titles
upon Muhammadanism
influence
first
;
is
much
not
difference.
them
Physically they
few deal in
salt,
but
Reported
and
cruel,
addicted
their
ho.spitable,
to
many
of
them
neighbours,
than
"much
themselves,
Their situ-
is
to
145
see that in
this
lay
The
Turis,
legitimate
home on
centuries ago,
first
Kurram
as dependants
or
the Valley
who
calls
numbering only
creased and
lighting
differ considerably in
ance,
They
Edwardes
tribes.
original emigrants as
the
of
appear-
sixty families,
prospered,
men.
it is
are
not
are
very
big
and have somewhat of the look of the savage about them, but
they are strong, hardy, and compact, and as essentially horse-
men,
as
the
Waziris,
in
Profusely
armed,
he
of
spite
has
their
The Turi
probably
is
well-known breed of
a model moss-trooper.
couple
brass-bound
of
and
sizes
sorts
in
his waist-belt,
and
entire wardrobe
food for
beast,
some spare
which
is
is
highwayman
ordinary
tom him
to
the hero
of the
life
to
his armoury,
His
side.
and active
necessarily wiry
is
it
man and
distinguished
many
title
houi-.
all
carry
at.
of khhlak,
The
local
raids,
Dick Turpin
and a hammer,
distinction.
by a number of shots
shoes, nails,
is
introduced to
Nor does he
when
his
146
for
this,
Waziris,
Jagis
or
ho
tor
ut feiul
is
Zaimukhts and
pretty well
witli
safe
an
conduct,
" Malise
word
excellent
who
what ho
the
And
to violate
for
him from
protects
most
and
Maiigals,
his neighbours,
all
other Turis.
all
henchman came
to the Granne."
safe-conduct
it
takes, is as
Highlands
clan giving
Plowden
it.
a Tuii Malik
tells of
He
is
di\ides
and
all
mankind
Turis
into straight
are
Sliiahs
in a
way he
are
Sliiahs
straight,
women
is religious.
The
fell
it.
He
his cap
himself in revenging
who gave
for
crooked man.
If the stranger
When
Kohat
was
first
first
finger.
the
district
embassy
Their
habits
finding
the
themselves
future.
in
made
fallen
regard
British
to
And
good
haste
in
to
to
with
" after
explain
evil
their
counsellors,
neighbour's
Government protected
behaviour
in
compliments,"
regard
its
to
and acquired
property,
subjects,
but,
bound
those subjects in
Kabul Khels
in
for
1859
us,
when, besides
they,
like
Major
to
resisted
the Amir's
demand
Subsequently they
themselves.
for
profit
147
for
in 1877,
and
Westward
who
JCigis,
from
hills
differ
but
the
little,
jjoor,
mode
of
life
liardly separable
from their
their live-stock,
pine logs, with which they keep out the rigorous cold of winter
slopes.
it
Kurram
tribes of
own.
As
more
own
affairs, to
Amir
keep up some
sort of
an armed
force, to raise
little
through, and
fell
(quarrels
As might be
laid the
1882-83.
of Kabul,
who had
Sometimes
force.
Amir
part of
the
gi-eater
little
when
it
was
So that the
has been to leave the Turis very much between the devil and the
^
*'
Camel's neck."
L 2
148
deep
sea.
The moral
is
obvious.
Here
a large
is
tribe, affording
excellent material lor irregular cavalry, with all the elements for
if
we do not
bring
into our Border again, are likely to have no choice but to fall
be
and
so,
in all proba-
C"
CHAPTER
XVII.
THE KHATTAKS.
Of
all
lost
famous
of
tribal leaders,
Khans
uniformly
been
citizens a strong
striking
instance
come down
of
what excellent
out of what, at
first sight,
A
last
tribe
census showed
and Kohat
as
districts, of
as eminently
described
it
" fighting
as the
most
in the
specially desolate
way of
Peshawur
so.
much
Stony,
in the
for villages,
whose farm-
of a
hill,
or
visible
whose
village
150
or
ravines,
est
But
At Bahadurkhel
made
of crystal,
of
salt,
olive,
most valuable
is
and
difficult,
occasionally dangerous.
or here
hills,
miles long.
fifty
to
be cut
and
out,
and
strength,
more
if
of the appearance
India,
and
than agriculturists.
In-
Drury Lane.
stir in
They
an ode in praise of
it
Khushhal
"
Khan,
make
the
"
The sun
compared
is
and they
make
size of
a waggon wheel.
charge,
they
It is said
And even
who
the salt
from
will
under
There
is
"
pot-
calf,
his
and
pack-saddle,
with
of
an
eat."
of their neighbours,
which
is
whom
at one
1;
THE
time the
Kohat
district,
On
many
a murderous
"
15
Friendship
is
"
and both they and the Bannuchis have several most uncomplimentary proverbs against them.
the Afridi, and for a century or so the Khattak was the bitterest
enemy
The
Peshawur
battles of the
Valley between Khattak and Yusafzai are like the historic quarrels
between the Percys and the Douglases, they were fought out
the
At
death.
Misri
Yusafzais lost a
number
Sometimes
cf their
own
hills,
Yusafzais
traveller
was a
fair
victim
the freebooters
full
Under
till
if
who
enough
all
to resist,
changed.
this has
tribe or clan,
still
smoulder,
to individual
acts
of
vengeance.
and
roads
to attack.
of old wrongs
to tlie foot
infested the
weak enough
the
Khans
it
to
trading
Any
sufficient excuse.
It is
danced by a number of
men
with drawn
ACHOSS
152
THE BOTiDER.
the
swords
enemies
First slow
fire.
alternately
waved on
high
or
cutting
to time,
imaginary
finally
they revolve
like a
Khattak Horsemen
till
ill
is
exhau.sted.
Kaka
in
Chain Armour.
One
Khels,
who
at Naushera,
is
many
of the
of the
country, and
di-stant wilds of
is
Kaka Khels
more
Afghanistan,
held
The reputation
is
miracles.
or less of a talisman
Another only
less
away
in the
THE KHATTAKS.
153
the Fakir Khels, the descendants of the elder brother of the noted
retired
of the saint.
instigation
who
first,
the late
of
become an
ascetic.
is
all,
the power of
among Pathans
generally,
In many
still
rights.
arms
for
some time
The
result
is
Pathan
summer
in
Lukman, suggested
choice,
When
As the
be
that
but Lukman,
all
notice.
their
name.
of
hills for
it
The brothers
and unable
by one of themselves,
evidently maidens.
for a wife.
told
they
chiefs,
its
Khans has a
when the
the tribes to
rallied
and being in
to
Khattaks
is
call
is,
They could
ladies
came
and proposed
to sieze
to
draw
one each
first
lots
for
choice,
old, shrivelled,
and
"
disappointing exceedingly."
ACROSS THE BORDER.
15-i
He
The
her
lifted
veil,
veiled face
and
seem
to
Lukmaa
Khatta
This Pathun
transpired to be Sabaka,
"
somehow they
own
notes,
all his
Khan
all
"
'
his
to stick to his
and ever
is
after,
the Pathan
mud
the
known
'
whose name
had at
least
numerous progeny
came
to
be called Khattaks.
of high renown,"
which
it,"
share of
full
It
"
as Khattaks.
At
least,
grandson embodied
in
so
in his
the Tarikli-i-Mimisa,
From
what
is
now
valley, after it
and
his
Ghaznavi
successors.
Mahmud
who
for
Kurram
where
is
of
of the
Edwardesbad.
who became
all
Up
infidel's
";
THE KHATTAKS.
155
peaks, that in the distance might well be mistaken for the outline
of
still
Bungash
Koh
is
now
the Kohat
ard
finally
In the main
is
district,
which
the
"
blue
different
and subsequently
still,
Peshawur
district,
where he founded
among
who
first
" laid
recognised
Khan
a line of chiefs,
who
of
way
in one
or other are
Ako seems
to
When Akbar
chief,
not the least of the terrors, a sort of Warden of the Marches, offering
him
jealous
said, "
title.
instead let
me
to
it,
No,
lest
my
be shared by the
tribe.
tribesmen
cattle."
The
An
be
" ear
tax, a house,
He
had aught
in the morning,
it
salt,
and entertained
was
all
liberally.
He
undoubtedly cleared
it
of
Hindu
put to death
^
fakirs
is
Hindu mendicant
he
;
not so certain.
full of earrings,
for declining to
All Older of
" If
for
he
become Muhamraadans.
priests.
56
" I
to death,"
said he.
He
under the Delhi Emperor, and though each chief seems to have
ruled a goodly
number
murdered by some
half a
poet
to
"
Ako,
relative.
century 1550
calls,
to
for
1600 but
in spite of Avhat a
viz.,
His
Yilhiya,
son,
" of
lofty
and
stature
Khattak
in
own
his
due
clan.
brave,"
ratio
talents,
killed
after
man
cruel,
of
was
in
all,
Ako's great-grandson,
rule,
1G41.
Then
Khushhill,
who
stands out
contributed to
is
tlie
in the armies of
rewarded.
He
man who
His
of
spirit,
period
for
of high renown."
He
served
in
state, as
the only
and shortly
many
of
six years
again,
Khan
his
man
and imprisoned
him out
skill,
distinguished as
his fellows,
to let
among
still
of
and grandsons.
He
lived
affairs
in his retirement
"
his
hoofs of the Mughal cavalry could not light upon his grave,"
THE KHATTAKS.
insult the ashes of him, at
quailed
his son
one
of
Mughal
years
1682
of his grandfather,
tastes
his clansmen,
their
Asraf
fifty-seven
who
was seized by
to
1741
inherited
all
the
for
literary
they
Afzal, a grandson,
prison.
sixty
nearly
till
out
it
life,
Aurangzebe, continued
in a
might seek
"
enemies
and
157
is
split occurred.
taken.
One
son
who
did not
from
that
chieftainship.
separate
Shakardarra, where
they established
themselves,
For a
while the Teri chief was subordinate to the elder branch, residing
at Akora, but
when
Valley, the
came
entirely
Peshawur
into the
few petty
practically
unaffected,
tinguished
to
and through a
line of three or
Nawab
Born
steady
Sir
in
1824, Sir
race,
Afghan
he has
died,
Government.
recent
just
War
Sikh
who has
four dis-
troubles.
The head
as Macgregor wrote
faltered
in
Again
first
of a warlike
"
and turbulent
his
allegiance."
In 1873 he
158
K.C.S.I.,
Pathan
chief,
coming of a
tinguished than
story.
many a
line
of heroes
hardly
chronicled in
less dis-
Western
CHAPTER
XVIII.
When
is
sufficiently
advanced
we have
Dawar
on a
to insist
Bannu and
Thai, and
some other
may
fairly
little
known
as the
is
really
hills, it
its
still
more
difficulty,
several officers
seems
by a branch
to Thai,
would be the
known about
to be
so
it
Though
in
it
rice,
and pasturage
to
visited
by
much more
Some
good
was
1879, not
latter,
This,
exit.
Bannu
circle,
lies
with
by a
in
Shut
forty
the Kurram,
it
is
reported
produce very
160
Bannii
and large
Dawaris.
are
force
and
is
excellent,
well-to-do, paying
numerous and
many
small ones
to
The climate
t^uantities of asbestos.
it
Khan
is
describes
is
Hyat
particularly blest.
it
where
fruit-trees of
and invigorating"
many
sorts
grow
readily,
and the
for a sanitarium.
would
firs,
is
fresh
like to
have
air
it
the same
Not
an
is
ox, to
be eaten in
full
discredit.
be fined
ings with
is liable to
tribal assembly.
possibly hailing
who muster
the Paiwar
The Mangals
China,
Kurram
Valley,
men
are not very well known, nor have we had many deal-
them
but the
little
that
is
known
is
mainly to their
of their
Kurram
force
considerable anxiety.
scruple about
murder when a
theft,
Opposed
to
161
Samil in
there
politics,
is
no great love
lost
either Turis or Bangash, but their relations with both are peaceful,
compared
to the quarrel
men
each
and
sections.
afford a
good
of
what
trianofle
is
naturally
it
country.
fertile
Roughly speaking, a
Kurram
to Ibrahimzai, with
the Zawaghar hills for a base, v/ould include the whole of the
Zaimukht country.
separates
hills
exceeding 9,000
is
The
feet,
rises in places
a height
to
tribe,
until, to
to,
General Tytler went there in 1879, and occupied not only Zawo,
The
principal
terraced
Zaimukht
fields, lie
up among the
section.
among
Sufed
the
Koh
plentiful,
and but
olive.
for the
feuds of
the people,
the country
and development.
who hold
"
162
own country by
constant
One
immoral proceedings.
England
sects in
of
"
them
not
is
more modern
lights at a
The Persians
prieties.
Or-mur ;
new
possible impro-
it
for
leaf,
"
are in every
from
occurring
Kanigoram
way a
"
lamp
extin-
Kabul and
them
down
to
Koh
Sufcd
as far as the
Kohat Pass
is
home
of one of the
some
respects,
inaccessible
must be understood
in
for
Gdr and
more
spoken of as Tirah,
restricted area
the
fanatical, and, in
or
tribes,
to a
on
sometimes
Afridis,
split
Scirnil in politics
up
into
and their
it
political sense.
many
parties,
are
intertribal warfare,
which has often furiously raged between the Tirah Sayuds and
Sunnis, formed the subject of a special report to Government by
Cavagnari.
^
"Lamp
Some
sections in a great
extingiiislier."
many
easy.
and
1G3
acts of hostility
and against the Bizoti and Rubia Khel clans special expeditions
have been undertaken, while some of the most numerous have so
Any
far
were
possible,
make up a
men
fine
mountaineers
qualities,
doubtful
are
robust,
differ
as
if
much
but
wiry-looking
their martial
to
It is
if
more than
Macgregor says
and cruelty.
they
the Afridis,
as
fighting
such
them
of plunder or hatred of
lust
relations with
" there
no doubt that, like other Pathans, they would not shrink from
atrocious, to gain
buy
their services
for
mined
much
mark
On
resistance."
cruelty of
their actions to a
as cowardice
Money
an end.
the
wounded
could
most
or help-
it
a Government of
superstition
any decent
to
tight
whom
hand
They
who under a
What we
call
"
wonderful forbearance," to
these people
or non-interference.
sort, its
What
effect in pulling
up the worst
thi^,
1G4
slioulJ
Ave
crushing feuds,
prosperous
stalwart highlanders to
draw upon.
Tirah, in
its
into
restricted
same
n!id
river,
above Hissar
sense,
people
another
includes the
reserve
of
When
it
is
understood that
^#:
An
all
Orakzai.
first
past Peshawur into the Kabul River, the third into the
two flow
Kohat
toi
near Hangu, and the fourth into the Kurram near Ibrahimzai
that this comprises an area of about 700 square miles, Avith an
altitude, fur the
situation
most
between
part,
and advantages
will
5,000
and 6000
"Stream."
feet,
The
its
first
occupied
the other three, and the smaller ones that open into
them, by Orakzais,
the low
many
of
summer and
quarters every
into
165
hills,
winter,
latter season.
pine forests
especially
is
and
Valley
Southern Bara,
the
a strong
one or two
separates
this
it.
somewhat weak
to use a
is
over
rise
feet
from the
is
access
Pass
side,
respectively.
figure
are difficult of
of speech.
The XJblan
against
affairs
is
over 4000
feet
high, while below, the Southern Bara sweeps round the b?.S3 of
it
Spartans to
make
to
a Thermopylae of
for
the
main
there
form
proportionately
On
the
" waists,"
difficulties
by
bold,
affording
up
splendid
natural
opposite
side
into a succession
passage
and
of troops.
territory.
Kurmarna Valley
is
estimated as a
frequently terraced
into
Well
and
most
fruits,
variety of
vegetables and
excellent
166
timber.
winter,
And if to
the summer
less, as far as
a poorly-clothed Orakzai
climate
is
seems cold in
it
described as delicious.
Neverthe-
is
so
it
escape,
difficult to
inside,
want of
of
Not
not
is
Peshawar
or
territory, its
tribes
frontier neighbours,
and
of frontier business
nothing of
regarding
This
it."
is
its politics
a native,
Agha Abbas,
Captain Tucker
literal.
for
it
and
was able
to
map
Another attempt
a part of Maidan.
it,
and
to reach
points from which the Bara Valley could be overlooked failed, and
though British
them
still
be said
to
officers
have surveyed
all
round
it,
the inside
is to
tero^a incognita.
Highlands or Highlanders.
^
Iluutcrs.
far in the
matter of these
CHAPTER
XIX.
A PATHAN SURPRISE.
In
" Piffer
"
Al-
doubled no
officer's
verandah was
mess.
The
walls of
who seemed
any exposed
to
spend
part,
and
hills.
to
of
on,
Force.
adjacent villages
attacked in turn,
had been
The
to frequent raiding
it
killed or
wounded.
Unprotected
or
two of the
villagers
cattle were, as a
matter
168
tlie
Becoming bolder
liills.
some
police out-
and detained.
among
Ublan
the
spurs,
many wounded.
besides
Com-
The most
off
some unfortunate
hills,
got involved in
and had
to
come back
killed,
clan;
an extensive
In
scale.
fact,
the
them must
Bizotis
upon the
At the same
supposition.
themselves
of professional cattle-
wheel.
strictly
affair
no trade
to lose,
and
to
fly
on the
be overlooked,
who sowed
necessarily be on
fancied
till
hill station in
it
ripened
who
could
all
hills,
the nails
be crossed, a
lip
On
Kotal or watch
Kohat
A decent look-out on
is
supposed to do for
The
rest of the
A PATHAN SURPRISE.
part of good-natured friends
169
made
efforts
to induce
expedition requires
them
lives
to
An
a good reason,
it
needs the
Government
sanction of
the
all
loss of
many
lives
it
might
Still
easily cost a
was evidently
it
necessary to adopt some more active and potent measures than the
blockade, and as
it
ponement.
therefore, determined
scheme
done
officer,
to be
to surprise
to try,
frame a
to
it
It
from Peshawar,
force should
Aka Khel
move out
country,
and
so
At
there.
Kohat
to discuss business,
the
commanders
settle
of
regiments
in
Kohat received
after dinner.
was
and play a
to
proceed
to
At the same
little
officer
confidential
sound.
all
quiet rubber
commanding the
fort
and get
the
an hour
later the
men
the
it
Finally
re-
was aroused,
so that if suspicion
instructions,
artillery
diversion
was
came
little
all
without a
had quietly formed a cordon round the town, and prevented any
170
At
all
it;
1 A.M. the
hills.
chiefs
of the
friendly
clans,
some dozen
of
mule loads
of
for the
pass.
to
be
put forward to square the sentries while the police rushed in and
them but
seized
so little
so confident
the Bizotis of the strength of their position, that they had entirely
neglected this precaution, and the watch had actually gone into
Kohat
for a spree.
up
The
friendly chiefs,
let
go a quarter of
it
was but
do a turn
fair to
for their
own
people,
and were
arrived at the
fii'st
women and
were streamfire
first to fall.
The
surprise
heavy
been
at the
cattle
loss of life
sufficiently
whole of the
The
village,
cover of their
fire
had
lesson
to risk
who fought
and wounded.
men
agam
killed.
A PA THAN SURPRISE.
nieut
doubt
it
was
all
to
them a genuine
it
more than
if
By
surprise,"
and there
is
no
Pathan
apjDreciated
"
171
The
effect, at
any
rate,
was equally
headmen
and had
laid
down
The
tribes
Tribal Councils.
CHAPTER
XX.
ecjually
fields,
orchards
for a
To the
east
hills
behind the Kctdl, over which the pass leads through the Gallai
Afridi country to Peshawur, and the steeper
UHan
pass to the
still
more
and
lofty
peaks of Midloghar.
hills
temper
made
the Imwju, famous as the very coldest breeze along the Border.
More
olive,
and
fertile strip
when he wishes
to
Such
is
Kohat
an oasis in a
line,
is
member
of the garrison
the tribesmen,
to
Not
tended practice.
moment
for
from
far
173
known
this,
ex-
force
little
sentries
pots,
Trim
Punjab,
in the
called
little
they are
houses,
much
not
the
force,
on plunder.
afford shelter
little
church, an
exercise,
from Mudie's
and racecourse,
also convertible.
its
its
band
cultivate Terpsichore or
is
veriest wayfarer
are
possible
Eohat
is
is
gates
the
to Rajanpore.
No
stranger.
strangers
of
manned by the
Piffers,
And
from
the
it is
its direction.
to
not permitted to be a
within
Hoti-Mardan
library,
first
But the
garrison
will
of sentries.
And
in
escort,
many
traveller,
parts he
is liable
to
want both
badly, for ruffians on the other side of the line allow no traditions
of hospitality to interfere with business.
life
it is
not profitable to
kill
a sahib
there
is
more
his
fuss about
the one English Kcijir than the ninety and nine self-righteous
Pathans
of
his
property
174
that
is
To
camp
of the Lieutenant-
/crciYc princeps.
is
or the
who
prefers to
the
out of the
rifles
apple of some
abducting the
fat
first bit
remaining
to gut the
manners a
To take
pieces.
square bit of carpet cut out neatly round his bed or cut a hole in the
;
among
the
and carry
and
his wife's,
forms of
officer,
off his,
But
entire
tent,
bristling as
it
pitched in
who
to carry off an
Kohat cantonment
The
sentries.
skirmish
the
by,
Piffer
sentries
probably lying
are
jpcrdib
They
are
buckshot in place of
but to shoot
but
"
first.
There
may
is
fall
and
down
to act
and
to challenge
last night,
tiling
bullets,
on
shoot,
safest
flushed.
Peshawur
flat,
it is
and a third
report.
If
tradition held
it
to
" friend."
be the
The
KOIIAT
average Piffer sentry
FORCE.
far
175
to shoot a sahib,
may
stray too
far
tip, "
possibly get a
thought likely to
raiders,
"
would
visit
who came
light heart,
and so the
The
the lines."
means he can
to get
first shot.
What
do
Peshawur
good part of
it.
most
of
important
of the line.
Biloches,
splendid body of both infantry and cavalry, with permanent headquarters at Hoti Mardan, in the Peshawur Valley, includes
its
whom we
against
undertake
expeditions,
men from
passes,
familiar with
have, at
and
all parts,
among
with
one
time
whose
or other,
fellow
had to
clansmen we
is
the policy of enlisting men, whose duties might involve the carrying
to
of fire
and
march against
village
being
their
fired,
own
would be doubted.
The Pathan
own
Piffer,
if
this, "
the last
refuge
of a scoundrel."
or
" faithful
Frontier force, the policy has always been found to work admir-
176
altlv.
he
is
He
will
inarch
led,
and
it
when he
goes
home
whom
again
A Distinguished Guides-man
ill
its
favour
men have
among
actually
the
On
still
killed trying to
his
own
peoj)le.
marched against
only
against
more potent
in
Afghanistan.
their
their
fathers
religious
officer,
commanding
officer to
hill
to be
177
might
arise.
service,
he
may have
our
raided
over to our
side.
when he comes
make
soldier.
makes a most
a game-
useful Border
steel,
meeting
fine recruit.
in
infantry,
there
the
full
Guides
of the
fire
But
retreat.
fire of
half a regiment.
Somehow he was
enlist,
colonel,
not
hit,
who
but he was
took the
first
best.
Guide
recruit,
colonel's mare,
his
lair,
whose
father, a
of the son,
lifted
the
to
life,
salt, to
if
guard
such
him
to his regi-
thoroughly enjoy
got one
when he
as binding,
to
gratify,
and
joins,
though
it
after, will
If
he has not
left
home.
man
178
much
The black man
a bad station
fortune.
very
is sick,
less frequently, to
has
lost his
For the
Pathan
but
soldier there
for this
regiment,"
or, "
God's sake
let
three
me
purpose he goes,
have
side,
urgent private
Six months,
least."
Then
my
"
business
if
He
will
what
for
on the other
Khan and
ment, who
pressing and
is
it in less."
and
affairs,"
Father of the
it is
justify desertion.
"
leave.
months at
manage
I cannot possibly
will
only one
is
he must have
class of "
skilful
enemy.
There
is
an
regi-
same time.
For
at the
was the
feud, if both
certain,
He
leave.
Isa
Khan
new
it
was
officers,
did not mention that before starting he had got three days off
Khan and
some 170
miles, to
beg a
flask of
powder from
back,
settle
his affair,
Among
commands
ill
it
Kuki
Kliels, is a small
Of great
strength,
Norman
powder."
residence of an ex-Guides-man, a
Ouida.
had
tower which
little distance.
iron will
The
rejoiced
179
our troops, against the combined tribes at Ambeyla and the second
Kashgar
and
to
name
was open
him
to
honour and
to high
an inquiring
distinction,
said, " I
he
officer,
The path
never
ness was, until I had taken this tower, and could send a bullet
after
my enemy
that
enemy
still.
From
is
man
volumes of such
the law as
a hero
the difference.
For him
"
could be extracted
Pififers
we understand
We
him
stories, records of
whom
by the men
Unless
face."
the Pathan
hold
is
"
it
it is
One more,
which gives
characteristically
must
cularly
and
suffice.
evidently
soldier,
a pleasant-faced
almost
something to
he told
me
say,
Pathan,
but
man, who
so I asked
his story.
'
him
The other
have served
in
it
he
he
made Subadar.
to
;
and in return
was a Jemadar,
me was
every-
was with
I liked
have
to
my
it all
There
officers,
and
said,
handsome,
seemed
'
iliat
'
grievance.
of his welfare,
day,'
smartness
his
uniform, and a
no
evidently
looked to be
from
with
thing.
a parti-
upstanding
good-looking,
salute
my camp
ness
instance,
Riding from Bannu," says the narrator, "just before reaching the
in
modern
quite
to the
enemy compelled
'
it
me
to
take
leave
and
go home to
N 2
"
180
Abazai.
I got four
man
till
me
he knew
to return,
my
and
and made
rifles,
was therefore
my
I did not
It
back.
Well, sahib, I waited and waited, but he did not come for nearly
three weeks.
a httle
'I
managed
And
here
to
my
regi-
my name
my
did,'
to shoot him,
leave.
and broken
am
my
because
service,
it
Dera
of
first five
which
are also the head-quarters of civil districts, and the last two, of
civil sub-divisions,
are
also
On
Militia.
there
is
garrisoned
passes
and
man
is
different
"
Catch -'em-alive-0,"
from
practice he
is
in
along the
more
command one
with the
frequent,
more
or
is
not very
In
fellow tribesmen and raiders from pursuing their trade within our
limits, only furnished
is
proud
KOIlAr
though as
in proportion,
His
would
inclination
he
implies,
with.
name
his
kill,
law to deal
wars or feuds
little
of his own, but this disposition has been sternly, and in the
successfully
He
is
repressed,
so
our
as
far
but
naturally be to utilize
181
not to
is
course
of
FORCE.
territory
main
concerned.
is
is
whom
not a
little
of which
of
his
he manages to spend
could be made.
soldiers
Excluding these,
and the
tribal
levies,
is
up
general,
to a
Commander-in-Chief
organizes
its
own
sitated a council of
moment's
war
notice.
There
by any power, no
The
is
is
artillery
under the
own
carriage,
ready to start
whom
soldier of
of events
progress
An
its
directly
for a
now
changes
retains
its
orders
of
of
the
the Indian
tion
in
local
not
distant
character,
it
future.
has
by
Commander-in-Chief, become
army.
and a more or
remain a
the
distinctive
and
less
Though
essentially a
Border
force.
still
part
also a
it
it
can hardly
A CROSS
182
Khan
Ghiizi
have
Piffers
are no
moved a couple
THE BOEDER.
the outposts have
already
Rakhui, Kiugri,
mental head-quarters
as
a part of
Bannu
its
find
Khan may
shortly find
organization,
best
levies could
it
special value,
it
force,
should not be
tribal
entirely passed
but there
is
no
affiliated irregular
special tribal
graduated as
its
officers,
A moderate estimate
these changes
appears essentially
in
if
its
to
be gradually attached.
for considering
reason
or that at
force,
the
Higher
necessary, to detach
it
Zhob Valley
in
The
of
the fighting
men
and
and whether as
mihtia or
levies,
Whatever the
is
undoubtedly
there
is
regulars,
precise figures
immense, the
may
be,
the
extension
of
this
direction, or
change of loca-
tion, it is certain to
sclieme of Frontier
defence.
dicted, that
as in the
the
past,
Piffers
may
it
may
be pre-
CHAPTER
AFKIDIS
What
is
XXI.
PASS.
districts.
over, 26,000
still
men
fighting
more
certainly
Classed
but, at the
is
bravest,
lawless
many
whom
characteristic stories,
who
is
whom
it is
very
and about
fair
the hero of so
difficult to
appearance a lithe
The
in his favour.
we hear oftenest,
unhandsome
face
as
self-
Macgregor
steps,
ACROSS THE BORDER.
184
denotes
"
liis
mountain origin
brought up from
" but, as
him
has lived
so
he
And
dies.
is
faith, justice,
He
man.
life for
looking
is
and must
and
not so
in
Both
tall
and
Peshawur he
is
one of his
Stories are
his heart.
is
Not a few
roof.
of his feuds
"Frequent
Mackeson,
cases," writes
girl,
would
is
Hospitality
he
as
and the
it
us,
service,
of appalling
first
much
cash."
a good-
one of
for
who can
women
are
pay
for
afford to
the indulgence."
for
strict
observer of
little religion
of any sort,
the Mullahs.
"
As
to
the
They
still,
Neither say prayers over the dead, nor Mullahs have they,
Nor
The
confiding priests
who ventured
God
in their hearts."
AFRIDIS
PASS.
185
it
a dangerous place
ness " of
still.
an Afridi
is
Nothing
notorious.
perhaps so dear to a
is
Abbey
country
to
and he
remedy
tells
At one
Afridi land
time, according to
way
this.
But
or a City Temple.
is
the Afridi
tribes
managed
Peshawur
to
naturally wanted
some place
to
Once
them.
to set
up
his altar
his
Beth- cl
and the
who came
to worship.
the Afridi, avaricious at any time, here was a fresh prospect of gain
opened
out.
What was
easier than to
more
sacrificed,
and the
first
ziydrat in
On
"
You
them
us these books come from God, and here you are making
yourself.
It is not
indignant Afridis
As
less
in morals
anomalous.
good
made another
and
for
a Mullah to
tell lies," so
the
own
chiefs, all
whenever opportunity
off'ered; still
more
so to
everything con-
"The
place of God."
186
toll.
bined action by
all,
That
are innumerable.
is,
uncommon
tribe,
far.
an
com-
possibility of
Their
Among
home consumption.
for
fair,
or
is
not really
happy
so a feud to
It
an Afridi
is
makes
salt of life.
He
life tolerable.
the plea of difference between Gar and Samil, Sunni and Sayud.
It
may be
water,
begin
but,
;
woman,
money, or land, or
like Sir
it
is
finds time
side.
hanging heavily,
is
credited with
is
to shoot
some
till
Having no business
one.
rifle
in hand,
Not
almost meritorious.
common
to find
to
will
will wait
is
he
it
in hand,
and
one half a
village, or
artifice;
ammunition
is
murder"; the
We
call
Afridis considers
this
it
"cold-blooded,
treacherous
AFRIDIS
fox-hunting.
PASS.
no
less
187
to
much
occupied
Whether,
in addition to
other objections, the Afridi looks upon us, with our judicial and
criminal regulations, as likely to spoil sport
probable, our frontier procedure
wanting in savour
for
him
show
more
and
certainly
us,
The
it.
is
too gentle
or whether, as
in his
altogether
is
little
or his
many
Fcr
years,
contra,
service,
a very
strength
in
now
serving in our
of their
It is estimated
proportion
considerable
he has uniformly
army
no Englishman has
ranks.
Moreover, the
a soldier than
is, it
own
may be
kith and
argued,
kin,
fighting
total
not
saying
much
many campaigns he
perhaps a
trifle
little
has shown
more ready
to
all
plunder than to
that he
fight,
Bat
in
soldier
and maybe a
man from
own
hills,
and who has not got the honour possessed by a Waziri robber.
Antithesis applies not merely to the Afridis themselves, but in a
Koh and
the
ACROSS THE BORDER.
188
may
makes
it
dependent on the
great field
them up
in their
own
punishment
to
is
common
really their
wants.
ap-
their produce
of
may sound is
easy to shut
it
difficult of
to
also the
for their
many
Peshawur, the
hills.
is
market
many
for
dofnestic
cut
tliat will
them
off
from the outer world, would probably bring them to terms sooner
than an expedition.
Bellew
both the name and the position with one of the peoples
much
up
admittedly of a
of
them
mixed
stock,
Valley
while the
Adam
river, in
the Peshawur
hills
to the Indus,
spoken
up
of as Khaiber Afridis.
these,
They come
lies
the road
between two
Kohat
importance of the
strategic value.
From
Khaiber, but
it
is
of considerable
in
is still
is
thirty-
independent country.
By
unhridged, to Peshawur by
A FRID IS AND THE KOIIAT PASS.
railway,
is
Two
150 miles.
clans of the
Adam
for
marching with
open, there
is
no disputing the
communications
who have
in the
who,
if
arms,
keeping
for
it
whole arrangements,
main
frontier line of
in the past,
infinite trouble
us,
is
all
pass,
189
tribe,
future, give
it
against
when
it
is
ill
Further,
spared.
now
not allowed to
make
The
standing joke.
of rupees
the
point,
is
have
to
it
moved.
is
The
a striking
auy excuse
for
compared to the
"
still
more
The
pass might bo
Adam
Khels.
to
the
From the
Jowaki country
in 1877-78,
more
suffering to
there
is
which
much
made
it.
In 1878,
it
formed one of the terms laid down by Lord Lytton at the com-
mencement
of operations,
we occupied the
spirit of
the tribe;"
190
losses
At present
the total
Adam
amount paid
in
but perhaps a
fair
during the
it
offer, for
last
again, in
1883, on the occasion of the enhancement of the salt tax, but these
came
nothing
to
and
ourselves to settle
it
some
something to improve
it,
been im-
They
will
do nothing themselves
nor permit us to divert the track out of the bed of the nullah,
where
any
real
attempted by the
tribesmen well
at
the back
The
worse.
or
anything on wheels.
local officers
know
while
there
only weakness
only tends to
may
country
for
vacillation
make matters
Government cannot,
it.
and
All negotiations
every failure
Nor has
is
no inducement, from
make
it
distance of
is
is
CHAPTER
XXII.
AN AFRIDI FEUD.
Akakhel
Afridis.
left
of the fort of
Jamrud,
is
known as
Rud
is
river,
stony and generally dry bed of this one forms the Khaiber defile.
The
village
pavilion in
famous
is
it,
by the river
there
is
wine-bibbing
Persian
king,
used
that Jamshid,
to
sit
there
the
and
And
there
streamlet that waters the village lands, from which the fort
mitted to take
is
its
it.
up
to a temperature
chilly,
and,
if
per-
if
the people
might be a share
much
that
is
little
Otherwise there
The surroundings
cup of
is
had anything
worth fighting
staff,
If
seems
it
to
for,
be very
had occurred
it
to
visit, to
stop and visit Jam, he would probably have had an Afridi guard of
192
ahead, and on
either side,
with a
rifle,
and
He
of sport.
it
Jam were
residents of
some curious
safe,
carried back
com-
munities thereabouts
provided an exactly suitable commentary on Lord Dufferiti's congratulatory address to the chiefs, regardmg the peace and prosperity prevailing on the frontier, they would have furnished
him
how
was
started,
so
but
all
agreed
it
somehow
remember
in.
and
Jam
all
Four or
five
be called north, south, and east divisions of Jam, and their chronic
condition be said to be that of open war on one another, varied by
life
to
killed a
be
man
were
if
fairly even.
of improving the
and the
of the remaining
fort,
division
it
neces-
Amir Khan,
man
of light
a pensioned Subadar of a
and leading
have the
life
of Khai.sta
in
North Jam,
in
AN A FEW I
every morning sat
He
down with
FEUD.
193
and waited
his rifle
and broke
Khan
if
The
member
the
many days
of
an unguarded moment
in
a chance.
for
now hobbles
latter
more
especially
minent
citizen of
outflanking
Amir Khan's,
who
his trench to
self for
pro-
grey
Akbar Khan, a
watch
for
his pipe
and his
rifle,
and
an early drink.
lit
when
bullets, and, as
"
lull
it
and
the
was
Khan
After this
Aka Khels
him-
he
Khaista
rifle.
commence
in
and adjusted
down
to expose
his pipe
sat
to
In the
for him.
truce was
Peshawar
for the
visit,
to
run
though preparations
Amin Khan,
two
field-pieces of long
Jam
was reputed
of sorts"
many
divisions possess
service,
may be
A few
have a "cannon
and
all
three
walls.
to
court-yard:
This, however,
and
it
194
Afridis, that
Jam
which
in general,
and North
The
woman.
a
mau
there,
Jam
said,
Jam
a village of the
Kuki Khel
last
Thereupon her
of Rahimdil's village.
and
is
it
was reported,
friends took
also,
she
is
The Rahimdil
left
her
you
and, in
want her
The
Jam returned the compliment, and so on the unwoman spending alternate nights outside each village, until
following night
fortunate
she was
fessed
be a desirable thing
kill
amply
woman
to do, it is
reflection
a Rahimdil
man
was evident a
almost discreditable
Jam man
killing a
bio" things
mioht be made of
kill
sufficient to justify a
Now
both pro-
a few
men may
to
Once
it, bijj
fairly started, it
enousrh to induce
village,
He
apparently
still
was no place
like
The suprcssiou
this account.
who had
to take six
retained
some
anything;
an Afridi to
justifies
of Kahiiudirs real
footing.
name
i.s
for a really
good feud.
CHAPTER
XXIII.
The
best
the Kliaiber
has
With
to
Kabul
Mughal
expeditions,
though
to
our troops probably most associated with heat, cholera, fever, and
flies,
Has
for centuries
been
Kabul, and
still,
in spite of
Amirs and
even Kussia
itself.
reported, specialists
Is
for
is
from excellent
and
it
may
More
much
better informed
while to some of
Nevertheless,
the
fit
notions
in with their
on which
own
particular
certain
of these
arc
probably
home market
o 2
196
many and
based on delusions as
Indian.
of a scientific frontier
and mortar,
like the
excursionists,
certain
who
is
most things
as startling as about
barely
whose idea
Khana and
to find
failed
return
it,
many
success
to
whom
all
for over
wait
Men
is
the tribes
satisfied that
to
Russian
like
Army
fill
the
Pass,
Macaulay's Romans,
of
if
and
who kept
then
the
who
1842 and
out.
policy fully realize that there are three parallel routes between
Kabul
Ivliurd
Valley
the
perfectly practicable,
second
and
all
:
the
protected on
first
by the
Lughman,
Jelfdabad,
which
latter
Mohmand
are by no
Hills, which,
though
means impassable.
sufficiently steep
and rugged,
Pass closed against him by Afiidis and Shinwaris, the Orakzais led
him by a
That
it is
(piitc possible to
advance
THE KIIAIBER AND THE
KIIAIBERIS.
197
Kabul
at
all,
Chitral, both
by which
it is
down
at Peshawur,
and
"
wait
till
when he has
To assume,
ways of reaching
the clouds
will
be safe
It
to
can only
who imagines he
ostrich,
it
roll by,"
safe
is
would be obviously a
inwards
to a passage
the
teeth,
Assuming
the combs to be old and broken ones, the comparison will do very
well
defile,
hills
is
them representing
may be found
a village, or
In other
able from the Pass on one side or the other, occasionally on both.
Thus
at
Kadam, the
real gate
little
further and
the
"
it
called after
cliffs
some three
narrows to 250
is
feet.
miles from
Then a few
it
either
feet,
side,
road.
Another
teeth have
'Ali,
with slaty
and a
manding the
Jamrud
Lion of God,"
perpendicular
in,
hill
fort,
com-
little
198
rock.
most
the road
difficult part of
steep
comb
Kabul River
tliat,
rises
it
probably the
cliffs less
of the
reached at Dhaka.
is
Over
the valley
till
thirty miles of
in
living things.
defile is only
There are several more combs, thougb the teeth may be occasionally set further apart, that
plains
barren
more
is
cultivation than
named
"
like
might be supposed
"
Haft-Chahi, the
;
Thousand Canals
gardens
there
"
Seven Wells
fertile stretch of
At Jeirdabad
has
and
by a well-watered
all
becomes a broad
lies
Hazarnao, the
after springs
that
"
;
is
things pleasant.
River
series of small
clear stream
Gandamak, which,
beyond again,
is
is
a land flowing
with milk and honey: for on by Jagdalak and the Lataband Pass
or Tezin and the Klnird Kilbul,
rounded by
still
become more
more
lofty
is
hills,
sur-
the teeth
the stony
the river-beds, deep valleys, or narrow defiles, like the fatal Jagdalak, almost devoid of verdure, and into whose
TH E KIL IBER A ND TH E
[
Any
on
Kabul
frontier to
admittedly
it is
naturally
difficult,
too
sounds formidable
much
and
Such a
99
this.
officers
Peshawur
though
KllA IB ERIS.
line
is
difficulties, or
what
cost us in the
it
When
way
Kandahar
in the direction of
it
is
its
keep the
of transport to
and
men
that during
the last war had to be detailed for the duty, the endless posts and
forts
foreign occupation of
probably be in a
fair
way
fully realized
it is
As an
what a
demand some
no doubt
is
Of the
tribes
who
Jagdalak, and
is
is
Kabul
the
Gundamak, almost
is
by no means that
valleys
and
defiles
to Jelalabad,are held
Khels, and
route
about Tezin
by
Ghilzais,
clan.
it
inhabit the
Suliaman
defence
made
But
is
separate consideration.
most
specially
army
from Kabul.
army
and
defenceless
camp-followers
during
the
retreat
and
yet.
200
under good management, are nndoubtedly capable of being converted into most useful
of
name, a man
that
allies.
many
of
evil report
up the northern
is
held
Seven Passes
strip of country
closely related
Koh, a broad
to
side of the
"
wolves a bye-
still
word of
"
number
the Jagis
at one time
Khostwfds,
of the
The Khugianis
of
Jeirdabad,
but
engaged
dance of excellent
for three
fruits in
mainly
home
the
always a thorn in
warlike,
distinct tribes.
months
side
as
of
tillers
due season.
Two
lives,
trifle
Koh
is
back to NangnaliAr,
tween
ruler,
still.
when
known
and
the
tlie crest
"
nine canals,"
of the ridge
its
stalk at
its
base
men
and
if
like Cacus,
the cattle from Hercules, there can be faid to be any degree, their
habits are possibly not (iuite as predatory as their neighbours.
tillers,
amount
of rice
and
201
they export silk and wool, but their most congenial occupation was,
and
pillage.
is,
they carried
off
forces at
for
Monteith
under
force
later
regard for
property
the
sufficiently safe-guarded.
Of the
headlong courage,
present Amir,
the
of
They have
more
little
unless
it
be
men
of a proverbially fierce
and
native hills
their
At the other
as
who
round about Lundi-Kotal, generally known as the Loargai Shinwaris, are largely
engaged
in the carrying-trade
between Peshawur
To the
north,
strip of land
all
until
it
reaches
hills
itself,
Mohmands, a ereat
Occupying a
it,
little
and
between the Shilman Valley on the west and our Border on the
the Mullagoris.
east, are
Mohmands, whose
now
Put down
vassals they
still
Mohmands,
latter say
Afridis, nor
name.
Neither
up
to
originated the
202
it
not for a
tribe is
sandals
made out
nominally they
of the dwarf
for opportunities of
palm
little
The whole
it.
mats, and
sell ropes,
backing
is
an excuse
Numeri-
men
for
Peshawur
importance, as
Tartara, and
much
of
it
Afridis
and
strategically a
is
Abkhuna
routes
;
possible to see
to
Moun-
position
of
to the Khaiber,
known
way, best
value,
Khel
is
to
political officers,
in
some
be brought as soon as
established there.
defile is
in the
hands of the
Zakha Khels,
many good
soldiers.
rifles,
who have
many
cases
furnished us with
but
from the time the Punjab was annexed, up to the second Afghan
war
their
fairly
good.
excursions whenever
fight, as against
Mohmands
or Yusafzais
circumstance
and
])artly to
so
many
of
203
in winter.
to,
is
one of the
dependent on Peshawur.
Under the
treaty of
Gandamak, the
all
and
A Khaiber Pass
Afridi.
Khaiber
tribes called
a complete jirgoh of
all
the
at
The
tribes
^
were
Inegular riflemen.
204
for the
all
The
officers
and
Government
tribes to abstain
undertake to be jointly
to
was
to take all
small
sum
is
The
tolls
among the
subsidies
and a very
The whole,
so that, as far as
raised
difficulties
it
goes, the
arrangement
more
by the
occasionally
turbulent
number
shot
raid
and
Jezai/cJiis
On
and caravans at
Luiidi
Peshawur
and the
of the success
as the
receiving
is
in
is
to
return
political
due,
is
one.
the
officer,
to
convoys
charge of
whose
not a
tact
now
for
little
as safe
Beyond Lundi
Khana
the
traders
may
be secured against
highway robbery; but there are complaints that even the Shinwaris and Ghilzais were less exacting than the Amir's dues, by
which, and
that
it
is
said
to be
is
by Russia on exports
much hampered
to
Bombay and
Rahman had
it
so
to
much
This
that after
may
Abdur
after
the war
of
1878-80
205
such, undoubtedly,
was the
off.
fell
the
1881)
total
from an annual
Nor
this to be
wondered at
to
dues are Ks. 21 per camel load of merchandise, with further dues
at various points,
if
the journey
is
can account
Marechal
for
my
Villars
"
is
The Border
forty.
Defend
enemies myself,"
me
By
mulct of Rs. 26
trader
from
may
my
there-
friends, I
CHAPTER XXIV.
THE KABUL
Without
POSITION.
much
it
is
an invasion of India
is
objects of each
first
The
comprised in the
command
over the
Panjsher,
some
of
to
Helmand and
position in the
forms
of the
he who
Khaibor
is
holds
to the
the
strongest
natural
The
city itself
probably
and there
is
route for
the
is
a well-known proverb
the
Similarly
many
of
Whatever, therefore,
Kabul
Unai Pass
or by the
whole of Afghanistan.
fate of
great
and Paghman
Koh-i-Baba
that
Ghorband,
the
may
most
be the
campaign of the
future
" Wlion the
it
will
]>i'^ !:;u]is
undoubtedly form, of
all
the cities
now
ruled by
Its
with
it
Abdur
and
it
fully recognised
by
THE KABUL
some time,
at
POSITION.
207
affair,
the
movement
likely to be
more
is
and Central Asia proper, and can concentrate troops pretty well
line will
by
tribes
it
it
must
Persia, Bilochistan,
also
is
it lies
and Kabul.
open
to flank attacks
Any
force advancing
by way of
by
The
all.
is
itself distant
certain of the
Herat
fairly
On
it.
to Kilif
on the Oxus,
is
230
Pass, to
Kabul
is
In this connection
left
Kilif as a
Unai
From
bank
rails
is
it
must be noted
Samrkand
to Kilif has
of the Oxus.
An
Oxus
which
Mazar-i-Sharif once
of
the
while,
208
of Afghau-Tiirkistrui.
The
Kabul route
much
less,
and
taken by any
jjossible
de main.
coujJ
Afghan
the direction of
in
Amir.
tlie
in time to
be, delayed
and
Abdur Rahman
any
advantages offered
Turkistan
and
the
him
passes for
Cis-Oxus
unless
territories
on Afglian-
Khaiber
the
But
party
all
this is
faction,
supineness,
or
more
past,
fired
to a
many
the
blunders of the
in return,
succeed.
it is
hard to say
Certainly the
There
is
known
to
from Kabul.
in
an-
the
be a road, though
masterly
by England
"
exhibitions of
Should
are.
Harirud
268 miles
and
good communications established between Herat and Mazar-iSharif, the long-coveted frontier
of
the
THE KABUL
POSITION.
209
practically realised.
extensions southward from the main line well advanced, and she
At
somewhat
late to set
then to go as
about
allies of
its
commencement.
us.
It
enemy would
involve
throughout India
men
not indeed
for or against
would
that
affect
us
against us
ally
if
the
we should be
Its possession
risks.
all
a loss of prestige
certain to
successful but the bulk
India,
for
we should have
Afghans
Whether we had
would be
it
many
within our
own
and
Our power
border.
:
we should
see
from
To
large
amount
The
position for
of excellent supplies,
and
so
is
upon
much
in fact
be
50,000
men
number
in
army
for grass
would
It
corps, or
The
Kandahar.
momentous
its
is
to
Kabul
will hardly
is
be disputed
best realized
how
by those
cost, or
210
There are at
as exceptionally formidable.
through the
feasible routes
From Jamrud,
hills to
(1)
to
cliffs
and
there,
.Khana.
(2)
^[ullagori
country
alternative
would work
The
Lundi Khana.
river to the
Shulman
through
the
Loargi
or from
valley,
whence
plain
to
would involve
(3)
and
third,
following the
Kabul river
all
the
way
to
than 300
fpet.
The
river
Dhaka
is
less,
known
this
be
little
more
deep ravines, in places not more than sixty or eighty feet wide the
;
By
climb up and
down
interruptions by the
Mohmands on
Gandamak
on
who
are
So
this,
by no means the
least
im
211
From Lundi-Khana,
Dhaka,
or
to Jelirdabad,
and
some
for
dis-
be
difficult.
Beyond
formidable,
it
up
to the
Kabul.
A three
what might
Chaman
difficulties
be made a second
base.
Further again,
and
is
it
a question
not be by the
There
is
if
Lughman
Yalley,
river.
movement
direction,
is
now
only
escort.
There
is
exceptionally costly.
railway to
its
Kabul should be
length the outlay
lines,
mainly
railway to Quetta,
political.
Would
it
What
be possible to
obtain the Amir's consent, and having his support, to carry out
men,
is
really the
problem
Situated as Kabul
is,
for solution.
212
Central Asia, the majority of the people, the MJila traders and the
railway advantages.
Indian
now diminishing
Afghanistan,
As
panding.
why
as fast
home
Russia
of
is
is
ex-
no reason
in so substantial a
Bilochi,
Chaman
as that
Asia via
Central
to the
with
trade
and to English
traders,
fally alive to
importance to
its
manner
by the
All are particularly fond of rupees, and would soon discover that
was better
it
to earn these
in connection
with the railway than by risking their heads for insignificant loot
jealous to a
man and
a shrewd
So
commercial.
own
interests,
though
ours
it
is
even more
fast killing
much
to his benefit
manage.
or
political
his short-sighted
as
any
difficult to
Khan were
still
there
is
own
all
it
is
his enemies.
necessarily /cs^ma
more
extended trade.
facilities for
By
communication
failing to
by
to develop a greatly
THE KABUL
trade,
bring
receipts,
to
treasury
his
POSITION.
2l3
make the
line himself
may
when
it
left to
any rate
enjoy the
It is quite
is finished.
he
be encouraged to
If
might be brought
to accept
them
as a
for
in
spite
of his
CHAPTER XXV.
THE PESHAWUR VALLEY OF THE
PAST.
However
interest-
is,
for the
pre-
any
the ancient
to
wur
Valley.
valley
colonized by the
Aryan
first
patriarchs, tlie
Gandhara
of the early
Purana
a
the
of
;
Vishnu
that boasted
populous
city
Alexander's day,
under
his
in
and
successors
That
fiiiures
kingdom.
in
San-
Chinese, Greek,
and Arabic
PAST.
was desctibeJ by
literature;
in the first
215
whose Buddhist Stupas were famous when the valley was visited
by Fa-Hian
in the fifth,
in the seventh
Sung-yun
and Hwen-thsang
in the sixth,
Abu Rihan
in the tenth
intermediate stages
we do
years
in
ago,
know
not
whom
he
by the
calls
and eleventh,
Where
the Chan-
by how many
people
who held
it
MuhamAnd where
Hindu,
to
yet.
since then
of
Brahmins
or
and
again,
like
attain
Deputy Commissioners.
But
are
to arrive at
now
round
any
it,
The
first
Lahore
to cede to
south of
in
which
or hills
Hindu Rajah
of
localities
they
may
probably
These,
most
likely aggressive
Afghans from Ghor, joined with Gakkars from the Salt Range,
were to hold their lands
frontier.
The Peshawur
conditionally on
Valley and
with
hills
India.
their
guarding the
beyond were
then
216
when Peshawur
bracketed
is
But
the valley.
in
affairs
Anung
Mahmud
the tribes
who had
dealt out
any way
in
assisted the
Muhammadan
of Islam,
ffiith
summary punishment
enemy
possibly
insisted
on their
and proceeded
to harry
arms
surrounding
hills
his
for
However
respect.
of
civilized
and populous
it,
as
it
before,
Bellew
the haunt of the tiger and rhinoceros, only occasionally visited for
the sake of pasture by the shepherd tribes accustomed to roam
"
and cultivated
in
scattered
came
in
and
tribes of cultivators
thej/ are at
stand
hovels
its
war
in
the
till,
was gradually
in time, other
on
the
are
ruins of
still
eleventh
much
as
in
spots,
it
of which
the buildings
these
The
properly recovered
mud
By
Wretched
many
places
Mahmud
traceable by
his dogs
slipped
cities,
the
effects
ot
the " havoc " they created, that Barber in the sixteenth recounts
the pleasure taken by his followers in
there.
One
of the
first
tlie
was the
may have
had.
To
little
and Ghor
seem
to
have held
Glior,
called
from
Kandahar
two
had
panied by the
the
to
Meanwhile two
whilom
brothers,
credited
with
so
settling
at
When Timour
Kabul.
217
tribes belonging to
fields,
their
fat
turbulence
neighbour's cattle.
At
and Turkilanis.
Kabul
a preference
for their
First useful to
for
They did
so,
and moved on
to Basaul, Jelalabad,
first
to the
Peshawur
plain,
Having thus
Dalazak
with
neighbours
Muham-
came through
charging
then called
the
cattle-lifting,
same
offence,
slaughter and
many
fled
the
fertile,
across
The
well-wooded Doaba
the
Indus,
leaving the
the
"
land of two
to th.e
waters
"^
Muhammadzais,
or
Infidels.
218
cities,"
stri})
and to the Yusafzais, and their great offshoot the Mandanrs, the
remainder of the country north of the Kabul River, an open plain
or
maim
mark the
after obtained
a place in the
hills
mounds
that
the
The descendants
much
may
summary way.
after,
Advancing
to
the
foot
of the
hills,
Chamlah, and about the end of the sixteenth separated into two
great divisions
the
first
known by
the general
nephew
name
the
Yusafzai, and
former finally
Indus
hills;
little corner,
the
Upper
valleys
Swat River
to the Indus,
came
into the
except
among
themselves, the
The
name
still
were forced eastwards over the Indus, where they took possession
of the bit of country adjoining the Hazara Valley,
by their descendants.
famous
saint,
now occupied
tribe
PAST.
219
MCdiaban
Hazara, and
distinct
Mountain
home
the
is
of the
bit of
who had a
though somewhat
little,
By and
as
the Mohmands,
Khalils,
known
their friends
Laghman
Mohmands beginning
the
occupy the
to
hills
between
In
still.
made an extensive
frontier tour,
whole Border,
along the
coming by
returning by the Sakhi Sarwar Pass and the Bori Valley to Ghazni.
At
established
in
Pathan
settlers
women and
own
cattle
enemy
forays
punish the
to
for
most of them
hill
Pathans, or
off the
men, carrying
"
still
fully
new matchlocks,
of
"
the
Sultan
original
by
diplomacy
to his
daughter
harem.
Both
his sons
the
restless
Kamran and
the patient
Hamayun
Tiibal chiefs.
latter as follow-
2-20
ing him there, and hunting him from tribe to tribe, chastising those
who
slieltered
In
Khel
of Ghoria
the
Mohmands
fact,
tribes
entered
the plain of Peshawur, drove out the balance of the Dalazaks, and
established themselves in their existinf( holdinos
the
Daudzais,
Akbarpura
far as
east
to
Jalozai
the Khalils
Khaiber range
and in the
hills
to
about
among the
intricate
now
The balance
and
all
to
up
more on the
east in Hazara.
The
Attock round the Akora Hills to Kohat, and the whole south and
east of the
tribes
than
Kohat
district, is
on our whole
frontier,
teenth
Bangash
later again,
Khairabad
to
services rendered
tribe.
fifteenth, they
by Malik Akor,
at that
successors,
to
six-
them by Akbar
for
undur Akbar's
immediate
THE PESHAWUR VALLEY OF THE
Mohmand,
settled
repeats
rest,
first
In the case of
itself,
increased,
making
many
still
less
further into
The Khattaks,
becomes monotonous.
it
2^1
Klialil,
the valley.
PAST.
like
their head-quarters at
the
the
River, the
may
Though
changes, modifications, and developments, no subsequent immigration seems to have taken place.
last
along other
jDarts
it
Their sub-
He
who was
killed
lost
Bir Bal
Even
dis-
to
content themselves by taking up positions in the valley and keeping the tribes out of
still
is
found agreeing
The
it.
earlier
to
after
some years
all in
of struggle,
Aurangzebe
and
of this
tlie
surrounding
hills to
obedience.
Where
force,
but
"
their force
was
brutal.
When
a resisting
There
is
probably
222
no name more bated by the Pathan than Havi Sing, who hves in
their
admired
for his
bravery and
skill.
His name
as "
by the
lion."
But
a.nd old
grey-beards are
tribes
hills
is
far
all
local
in the
the invasions
put together, than from their own petty wars, and their own bitter
CHAPTER XXVI.
THE PESHAWUR PATHAN OF THE PRESENT.
There
many
are in
between
various
the
and divisions of
tribes
present,
at
round
the Peshawur
Valley,
and
haps dangerous
to at-
generalizations
tempt
cannot apply to
that
however
Still,
all.
decided
;
ing
family
to
notice
it
may
worth while to
ern
few
rival
be
con-
leading
characteristics,
mon
is
like-
houses,
sider
differ
there
detail,
ness
per-
is
it
com-
Capulets
and
"
224
Montagues.
so,
in
said to
at least
tribe,
life,
and acquired a
spirit of in-
The
'
manner
My
foot is
Even when he
with him.
my
on
Am
of
I not a
Rob Roy,
Pathan
He
will
come
manner
with frank and open manners, rather Jewish features, long hair
under a
plentifully oiled,
choice
the better
higli turban,
he wears
baggy drawers, a lungi sash
his
or
across his shoulders, grass sandals, a sheepskin coat with the hair
inside, thickly populated, a long
He
is
heavy
knife,
and a
rifle, if
he
is
and he may be
certain to be filthy,
and with an
nate,
air of
chief.
subject,
At
he
is
all.
the
"
Am
will glory
I not a
Pathan
in robbery,
is
is
"
to the
but an equal
is
little
brief authority,
embodies
all
he
is
most proud
envious,
resentful,
and
vindictive
or
faithless, dis-
he
boast
will
He
of.
all
all
but
the
in
and
refers to proudly,
225
much
own which he
strictly observes,
This
who comes
as a sup-
all,
for
life
life
open-handed hospitality to
all
it.
There
hospitality.
is
often not
much
this
may be
of
a simple kind, and sometimes given to avoid the ridicule and scorn
attaching to the suspicion of being considered a miser, a
infinite scorn.
him with
readily credit
sociability
men
the
delight
village guest-house,
to
make
of good
best,
fellowship,
of
most
and of
people.
women have
for the
bits of scandal
Malik
the virtue
name
their separate
opportunities for
of a saint, or the
lord, or
it.
" Who
of virtues
He
is
his
own
any one
else's.
sets
the others.
all
no value upon
life,
either
sort,
nature, and
even his
Equally certain
kind.
He
that inclines
will
is it
many
" vice
is
people
is
to forget his
treacherous
kill
him
and brutal
or be killed, without
226
flinching,
while asleep,
to take
him
for war,
he
fails
he
is
and
will not
if it is
is
up
own
possible
at a disadvantage.
hills,
If that
again.
He
He
is
"
There
it
is
is
so shocking as
daily bread.
stabbed
iiis
it
may grow up
seems, for
it is
not
is
no
pillage
prayer
Long Spoones."
libel to
to
say that
The mother's
life.
a successful thief
not perhaps
much need
is
of a child
it,
who
as
it
first
attempt
pup pinning
cheek, and
it
life "
or
West
is
let
off
with the
"
highwayman
is
life first,
Your
in the
loss of
is
money
your
his
it " if he can, as
227
may
consider himself
extremely lucky.
His superstition
unlimited
is
more
" air
knife.
will
He
"
that
the vagabond
St. Peters,
who
"
seekers after
an Arabic verse
sounds like
terrible
drawn daggers
many
all so
the women
have
for
him more
is
the
terrors
can hardly
prayer; but he will not allow the creed of the Prophet, or the
devil "
is
woman's
As
rights.
an agent to
in
common
select her
gossip
alight,
invested,
is
and
is
might probably
is
bound
To
sufficient
cost her
is
not a believer in
is
so
much
property
ground
life,
for mistrust; a
for a
by an intrigue,
man
chance
young blood
saint
He
him
sets
way
cut.
Q 2
to risk
ACinjSS nil:
228
There
no doubt the
is
JiOlllJllll.
Pathiiu
is
as does
heavy in the scale against patriotism, honour,
elsewhere
condemned
The worst
worst.
he
is
to be tested
by the
is,
to
what
in
classes,
it
work by a distinguished
officer of
If
official
would be almost
The
not
it
fidelity
story
told in a recent
An
wide experience.
appalling
it
as a greater
"
murder in
murder
by
Crime," he says,
of the
a crowd of witnesses
by poisoners, by
rioters,
"
all
all its
light, before
is
boys,
murder by
robbers,
Murder, as a business
ficult to find
men
and
it is
it
out, in
Peshawur
District
the Punjab
the whole
but
it
is
dif-
any
The
The
jealousies in regard to
women and
lust,
and
girls,
account for
"
still
much
more, of boys,
of the bloodshed.
man
in the valley."
There
is
is
Tilt:
PKSIIAWUh'
Public opinion
The discovery
men do
mostly in favour of
is
of the offender
not wish
it,
is
almost
innocent
against
accusations
229
persons,
to divert suspicion
is
almost as
most
all,
much
by
baffled
home
in this way, as
and
" it
offenders
to
any certainty at
is
necessary, frontier
officers
have
regulations
Special
justice."
summary
with
invested
to deal with
empowered
In
real crime.
bring
to
been
found
powers, and
some of
their
own
that
it is
Grant
Peshawur may
as startling chronicles
come
Or
It
may
also be
digenous scoundrels.
their
own
spirits, in
country, and
find British
with tribes
all
all
addition to
will
It
the
is,
it,
however, improbable
Border
it,
hot in
offered to adventurous
is
have to give
too
in-
round who
life
own
its
the
is
and
that
it
may
fairly
be hoped
230
likely to
come
mainly
more true
It is
of this Border
lives in
\vithout
it
it
class that
man he
every
Life for
his
is
when
literally against
raiding or plundering.
Trained from his youth to add to the narrow resources of his bare
hill sides,
so,
or binds
him over
upon such
all
the alert.
order,
He
his neighbour.
looks
restrictions as
much on
to
plains,
and
fertile valleys
him
of legitimate pillage,
of his revenues.
were the hunting grounds of bands from Swat, who chased the
Hindu
trader,
to
ransom.
They
still.
are
buy
off depredations,
and
dislike to the
by paying blackmail.
Swat canal
It
down theUtman
them
like birds
canvas.
in a net,
coolies,
catch
it
to
Aka
highway
robbery along that length, and they did their best to prevent
by carrying
tion
is
off the
closing the
Wild West,
masons.
But
so the enforcing of
of the Border
hills,
while
it
of the red
it,
of civiliza-
man
in the
beyond
it
has indirectly
made
life
all
Whether he
is
likely to be, or
some
congenial
consideration.
it
is,
satisfied
is
is
gone
occupation,
list.
231
problem
Avell
find
worthy
him
of
CHAPTER
FITZHARDY's
Perhaps
start
it is
murderer
XXVII.
In
DOMESTIC BORDERER.
happen
to Fitzhardy
and
his
most as
well, as a
London footman
al-
He had
salute for all his master's guests, inquired in the best Pashtu
if
commended them
come
a
to the
fine, tall,
to be in God's care.
Unfortunately he had
An
made no
fair.
kill
made
He
had, therefore,
taken the Queen's nipee, and, with a heart as light as his name,
Khushhal
Khan
fell to
1
"The
hapiiy-coiiditioiicd.''
fell out,
he became attached
233
Fitzhardy as orderly,
to
when
many
other soldier
Adam came
the old
Like a good
out.
officers, Fitz,
a circumstance that
was
not
did
if
there
Had
give
of no one but an
old aunt who might leave him her money when she died
prospect,
Khushhal looked
was
shut
clear,
all
the doors,
and, with a gleam in his eye, and his hand searching for a knife,
The
I'll
go home and
offer
will
kill her.
little
spirit of enterprise as
it.
By and
manager of
thing pertaining to
Khushhal's
affairs,
it.
officer
name"
Fitz's
a reason
also,
bungalow
quite sufficient to
and every
all
to fortune
domestic
He
and to fame.
affairs,
regulated
Fitz's
it
" Fitz's
Murderer."
as
The great
234
of contracts.
monthly contract
When
it
tooth
for
oil,
for the
However,
picks.
He had
for everything.
was
all
for
on a sliding
lamp
scale.
to use less
than
twelve annas a month, while the Murderer held no lieutenantcolonel could light his pipe effectually for less than one rupee a
month.
mended by
least
If he
Avay.
contract
fed,
little
holes in
He
was
His tents
by contract
fed,
principles.
tough
salt beef;
travagant
one more
scale,
slice "
through a
salt
This chance,
The
in the direction of
of deadly
series
all
Look
here.
at these casks
said the
"
to
him.
"
Sahib come
Murderer, pointing to a
corner of the verandah, " I have bought a whole cow, which has
been
salted,
viously there
hoping
was nothing
to
be eaten.
for Fitz
when
What
can I do
"
Ob-
married.
girl,
in
rupees.
or
...
he sold the
various forms.
But
Finally, Fitz
some
one,
no,
like
He knew
some grumblers.
to visit his
an Enfield
a Pathan
perhaps
to stop.
when he had
If there
street corners
having
of the sea
persuasion in
is
Fitz
submitted to
but eventually
The
to return.
leave,
man
this old
in
a good place
him
his friends
bullet, or
to
it
years'
territory
on the transaction.
might be induced
had a two
British
little
leave,
when he had
was in
it
to the gardener,
Occasionally,
The small
the flirtation
Fortunately
corrected.
bliss,
235
first
man
The staunch
for Fitz
old
for
never
it is
to
At
a second-hand
made
Adam
The
Fitz's
third gift
fiddle,
for the
it is
felt
and
ACIiOSS
i'3(;
would
tind useful to
keep
THI-: Boh'D/Jh'.
Ma
khwarc
ye.
May
"
evil
not come
nigh him."
and the
latter
up
of the arrangements.
had not
left
my
Why
" Sahib,"
Never."
You
he
service, I should
Fitz
said, " if
now have
allowances?
you.
You know
and
full
I'll
pay and
never leave
CHAPTER
XXVIIT.
PATHAN WIVES.
to
neighbours affected to suppose that John Bull bought and sold his
womankind
market
in the
of Smithfield.
money on
fees to "
go-betweens," or there
Some,
great
and
many
cases,
many
for
an exchange of
is
and entertainments
is
not
sold, exactly as so
universal;
is
ornaments
tribes,
cattle
dowry
wives are
but in a
literally
bought
the purchased.
In England, according
elopements are common.
ing to post a
married."
for
my
it is
young people
husband
"
young
girl
authority,
In Scotland
you
letter,
to the
'
an easier business
to say,
'
still.
" It is suffi-
is
is
I accept
done."
The Pathan, on
make
it
ACHOSS
238
out of the
BO HUE It
Till-:
toils of
them
John Bull.
For instance, when the
"
reply,
If to
rupees.
about
60 or 100
feast, repair to
the
mutton, a
trifling
The couple
as luck-penny.
his Phyllis,
dishes,
company
He
eat.
present
and the
scarf,
father, in
return, to
make him
is
called "
Binding the
are invited.
village,
is
and even
which
modation
feast, to
ass."
thought of;
fire,
all
arrives
oily
and
stones, join in
sort of sleeping
accom-
brands of pine
Next morning
Virgil.
mounted on an ox
all parties
Shepherds of
No
night.
When
an abundant
and provide a
a small
The custom,
go to the bride's
savoury
Damon and
is
the bride
is
carried
off
for the
honeymoon she
visits
loss.
After a fort-
It is
doubtful
if
woman
makes
PATHAN
known her
WIVES.
239
drummer
to pin a
hand-
The drummer
watches his opportunity and does this in a public place, when the
if
father.
between
to
arrange
matrimonial
his
The preliminary
affairs.
pledge of good
Tiie
faith.
may
hopeful Benedick
engagement
is
visit
presents each time for his fiancee, though he never sees her.
become
are over
"
his
best-man
"
to her
new home by
an
two
first
time.
Such
left to
the
comfort
That
till
and
is
much
Both look
for
weddiog
West;
stand the " shot " on both sides, and the cost
is
to
sometimes heavy
an average one probably Rs. 250, while a rich Yusafzai might have
to
A single
regular one
is,
much
therefore, as
the
full
In
many
straint.
is
Khan must
Muhammadan limit
equivalent.
parts- of the
Women who
"
as
an excellent
be well
off
afford,
and quite
if sliglitly
who can
broad Pushtu
afford to
run to
of four.
country there
in
most can
is
naturally
much
less re-
THE BOHDEIL
ACh'OSS
^40
bead
I'roni
hood that covers the head, and a pair of large ungainly white
own camps
restraint,
with men.
free,
it is
is
therefore
attraction,
much more
This however does not exempt the lover from paying some price to
the
girl's parents.
To
is
Among
Sometimes the
else's
like to
expense
has to be paid
all
down
and in addition
as purchase-money.
Ghilzai.
is
is
Even
tribes
still
women
is
150
Rs.
goes on
to 200.
r)ri
One remarkable
to say, "
the
has
otlic-r
little in
linnd she
Bannu
it is
about the
tariff
for Rs.
look
The 60
rises
Peshawur
who
is
sum
her
price
" hospitable
on
The
the
for
"The
way
works
notorious.
hard work-
hill
of good looks to
like a
woman," he
recommend
242
accustomed to poor
much
as the
more
delicately nurtured
living,
woman
of the valley."
own
relations,
but the trade in wives brought from Swat, Bajaur, and other valleys
sometimes
sometimes purchased
stolen,
brought to the
official
was, a
On
notice of Government.
The
it.
by their
is
relatives,
the
their return
reputed
by
many.
To take one
woman
with her
little
to
is
of Tucker's, a sketch of
to point a
who was
Her
Koh, her
for Rs.
He
00.
in Tirah,
beat
little
where she
stopped three mouths, and was sold for Es. 120 to a Bar
hammad Khel
be
parents died
possibly
moral.
women were
of a Trans-Border
life
still
Mu-
whom
she lived happily for three years, until the Bazoti found out where
she was and came to claim her.
claimant back his Rs. 100, and the case was settled
of the possibilities fate
may have
a
"
fair
sample
widowed wife
The
treated
and,
brought
ujj
is,
woman may be
well
to,
she
is
she
is
The
The
any reason.
PATHAN
WIVES.
243
wife,
retically,
her
threatened
with
flash to
though
insult,
article
is
owner
is
satisfied,
is
respondent
Pathan
he
is
is
is
That female
another theory
and
the
Occasionally,
co-respondent.
make
a liberal bid
it is
first
till
common
man
is
So common
for instance
She
whom
is
sold in
with her.
money arrangement
that the
she fancies, or
the subsequent
who
will
run
A
a
widow
if
his
and
So he foregoes
to elope once.
the
And
woman
the
Oftener
in rupees,
that
and
indeed,
to prefer vengeance.
dis-
who
So long as the
he
the
hard,
from
not
certainly
Theo-
it.
freely
translated
mother re-marries
it
"blush-money."
a
man
seducing
money
to her
was charged with adultery with a TransBorder woman. Her relations killed her, and a claim for Es. 300
blush-money lay against him. His relations, therefore, bought a
R 2
An
Afridi policeman
'lU
woman
poor Hindustani
up a counter-claim
for
They then
killed her
and
This
is
but there
fit
them
it
the worst cases are those which come most often to notice, and the
among
their
own
peoj)le
and
it
may be hoped
own
villages,
live
the world.
CHAPTER XXIX.
THE MOHMANDS.
By
comparison
Peshawur Border
his
to
" divine,"
altogether
is
it
it
is
surroundings.
by no means without
reputation
and
If his
the
country
is
not
charms.
To
evil
its
Vehicle."
residence of
Afghan
monks
of the
refugees,
instructed in the
Hindu
jogi
'''
Lesser
is
a background.
And
with
of the valley
itself,
courses;
villages
its
it is
Koh
its
its
for
for
easily pass
Druid
(?)
or mendicant priest.
246
in glowing
artists
so often painted
the halt
within the
it
is
it.
both
a tribe
our immediate
to the
is
and
the
Mohmands
only one on
Afghan Amir.
hills,
the Hindu-Kush, rise until they reach the higher ranges which
separate the
north,
The
Utman Khels on
the
bit of Mullagori
little
Khaiber route to
The
by
or other,
approached from
more than
the
and
the
on the south-east
to the
by
are
with
barren
rocky
spurs
slopes
wdiich
the river
The three
the
by the respective
for
rich
In one
is
the
largest valleys
Gandao,
Shilman,
PandlTdi, covered
Abzai,
to Lalpura.
irrigation,
wealth.
border,
rains,
shingle to
all
Mohmand
our
in
transit dues or
principal source of
Avater valley,"
on
the west,
is
way
the
" Fetid
forts of
little
them.
Some
of
of
the
glens opening out north towards Bajaur, and south to Lalpura, are
better; but dry ravines, alternating with rows of sterile rocky hills
and
There
is
little
grass,
THE MOHMANDS.
In the summer the heat
dwarf palm.
247
said to be very great,
is
There are
from
country
is
hills
everywhere scarce
is
whose supply
rain
from springs
made
for
to store the
The
The
is
even that
mamly
crops are
more
or less distress
may
The
certain.
if
these
and are
little grass,
to a few cattle
fail,
have to
and
offer in
They do a
to purchase.
and
certain
amount
of business as carriers;
Kabul, and
down
women
or
"
and
rafts
and goods
Michni
kdjilas^
and Orakzais.
population that
of these
Buneyr
But even
is
in
or Bajaur,
and
is
a surplus
is
steadily
Peshawur
district.
to follow their
example.
Caravas.
in
emigrating, whenever
Many
Lalpura
and one
the
and
In bad
Mohmand, with
248
own
In physi(|ue, though there are among them fine men, they are
as a rule, inferior to
many
us,
their courage
and though
is
and
of pride
by the
the
frontier
proverb concerning them to the effect that " you have only to put
may
They
woman,"
look at any
Mohmand, man
or
collisions
though between them and the Shinwriris a guerilla war has lasted
for centuries
somewhat
In
low.
many
stamp a
tariff for
injuries runs
Young-blood
the want
hiijras,
an
institution
"
They
than savages.
differ,
is
to
moreover
Khans
who from
the Baizai
Khan
The whole
is
Khan
far the
The
leaders.
and
district.
by
old
the Baizfd
which
Freeliolds.
command
of the im-
THE MOHMANDS.
The
portant
i^asses.
fio-hting
men but
entire strength
is
249
field.
So
far,
many
Up
to
British officers
satisfactory.
For many
and in the
is
one of continuous
who ventured
There
of
more
into the
fiery cross,
field,
many
Akhund
or less serious.
less
the
district,
loss.
From
that
time, which corresponds with the lesson taught the tribes by the
Mohmand
though
Survey party
last
the Shilman Valley section, adjoining the Khaiber route, has been
under exclusive
political relations
with
us,
1882
and there
would be the
The branch
of the
is
little
Mohmand
difficulty of ours,
opportunity.
Dalazaks, have
now been
so
a
ACROSS THE BORDER.
250
cousins of the
hills,
They hold
are reported
who have
Bara water
but the
villajjes
to the
Deputy Commissioner.
nearest the
and recently
which
fertile
Their quarrel
cause of disputes
Divisional Judge,
field,
The
of
to be hanged,
and a
life.
hill
the Dawezai and Utmanzai, located between- Bajaur on the north and the Utmankhel on the
may
numerically insignificant,
east,
be
practically
included
Mohmands
among the
proper.
but on
The
-the
hills
Kuuer
River.
Geographically the
of Kafiristan
and probably, ethnographically and ethnologically, furnish a connecting link between two peoples otherwise almost diametrically
opposed.
In appearance often
florid,
Mohmands, whose
dialect has
much
in
common with
either directly
Kafirs,
descended
from,
or
largely
still
called Kafirs
suggests they
may have
Valley are
that spoken in
Lughman
to
Islam.
in Nadir's, Safis
In
acquired by becoming
THE MOHMANDS.
" pure," in
like
many
still
retain
many
Their
hills
251
" idolaters.
which are
little
The
home
Now,
country,
and honey
moreover,
lots
is
for
the
of the Narcissus.
is
powerful
Mohmand
confederation
while even
if
the
Amir wished
com-
to exercise his
He
down
'
For the
last
to peaceful intercourse
If they
nihil.'
but, as
already pointed out with regard to other tribes, there are times and
seasons
do
this.
when
it
to
have to
CHAPTER XXX.
TRIBAL JIRGAHS.
Each Pathan
clan
is
who compose
combination
is
common
He
but
of
and never
not,
is
is
to dispense his
own wrongs,
if this
to
own
wreak
justice
is
also a
to
power
him
to
tliis,
in the state.
with
His science
man
be a law unto
of the average
Khan
if not,
on brothers, cousins, or
do
said,
every
happiness
Grundy looks
that
of personal,
own vengeance
his
is
mean
" greatest
The
national, liberty.
to
maximum
with the
himself,
is
will
and
community runs
Mian Khel
content, as an old
is
a bad third.
the welfare of
first,
tribe.
Her
notion
of
what
is
scandalous
the only respect in which she differs from her Western relative.
And
after
globe,
all,
is it
the custom
not very
?
"
much
is
a kind of wild
TtilBAL JIRGATIS.
justice
and
"
revenge."
would be
many
not so very
duelling as "
described
it,
is
it
or
mode
feud, or neglecting to
of
avenge
as
editor
to
253
it
would now be
for a
French
an
Irish
organization
tribal
of government,
shall enforce
to fall
of Lords,
of Khans, Mullahs
and headmen,
it
the functions of
all
most offices,
and
War
In
county court.
his
concerning debts,
fact, it
deeds,
mortgages and
enough,
among
civilized,
the law
is
much more
legal
for
the
greatest risk to
beinsj
ill
civil side, it
curiously
the
most scrupulous
is
more
While the
do matters
life.
so
And
owner's
Border Little
tenure of land
its
sales.
Tribal
as
The Border
for
It is at once
Office.
reo-ard for
discharges
respect
it
his
Composed
And
back on at a pinch.
is far
an Afridi or a Yusafzai,
is
Life,
even
;
the
ACBOSS THE BORDER.
254
luxury
of reprisal.^,
Where
entrusted to a tribunal.
common and so
bitter that
may
to carry out.
many
find himself with more legacies on his hands than he can hope
of
lot
burden
feuds,
some
is
entailed
India, or
in
service
up by a
is
get the
to
jirgah.
is
by
life
to leave
most trouble-
That he should
so
power.
rival clans,
Rival parties,
its base.
common
rival tribes,
patch up
their disputes, and selections from the smaller councils become the
representative jirgah.
united of
all,
Among
is
somewhat
it
common
quaint.
Each clansman
its
opening formula of
prayer, to the effect that though events are with God, deliberation
is still
men
is
to find,
takes the
field
the campaign.
is
very
much
numerical strength.
full of flour
collect.
Each man
And
for
any extensive
TRIBAL JIRGAHS.
In matters of
much more
made by the
On
all
the
tribal chief
Government with
British
and though
treaty,
is
Pass agreement,
255
Government can
recognise,
is
is
aloof
men
of no importance or influence,
With
generally respected.
their
treaties
Of
certain
offers
tribal
tribes, like
council
are
the Buneyrwals,
many
have been turned to account within our own Border, and in the
Peshavvur district
now form
decisions.
Where our
to
accept
and award
fail to
whom
but against
evidence
is
has not
old poacher
so
trial
hy jirgah
good a gamekeeper as an
Crime
has been detected, brought home, and punished, that could not
is
in the
up the
peculiar.
strange
For
it
is
only a Pathan
still
more ex-
And
Her
Majesty's judges.
illustrative one.
is
a fairly
256
murder.
Every
made him
to convict,
it is
the
over to the
recommended
Valley.
his deportation
and the
The jirgah
followed,
him
man was
If
choice but
themselves.
as f(jllows.
After due
trial.
the district.
jioyah for
man came
'Sherdil," a Representative
trihsii
we
him
in guilt}^, the
will
TRIBAL JIRGAHS.
be some seven years' imprisonment.
case,
257
adopted would be
much more
satisfactoiy.
procedure clearly
a Path an jirgah.
CHAPTER XXXI.
THE CHILDREN OF JOSEPH.
With
all
respects,
is
especially
Bani
in
so
on
itself
lineage.
is
However
Yakiib."
there
is,
may
be,
more
possibly
To speak of themselves
past.
many
Every petty
its
Inrail,''
Pathan, Hibernian in
matters of
among
especially
those
to
be
now
name
noticed.
surviving,
Amazites,
of
Sudhum
hill
the
than would be
no more
to the
historical value
undoubted
need be attached to
it,
Joseph
Zulikha
Peshawur Valle^^
had
to
named
much
hound, though
a disconsolate
259
son,
died, leaving
Joseph, as in duty
Mandanr.
by
'Isa,
had
five
noted
From whom,
distributed over the country, both within and without our Border
from the Swat river to the Black Mountain, on the Hazara side of
the Indus.
named
story,
tract, that
sons,
by a slave
of the Indus.
The Khudukhel
occupies the
western slope
section
of the
di-
Saddazais,
some
he
visions, Alazai,
well as
to the
whom
had two
bank
Mandanr, according
it,
Peshawur
district,
to the right
of the fourth, or
same mountain,
the whole of the
Their clans would now include the town of Swabi on the west, and
The descendants
ant.
of X^smfln are
still
remark
applies
to
the
Originally
and the
each
division
plain,
have
260
sion
the
in
hills,
Government, stuck
ants of
to the
more
Mandanr," or Yusafzai
lands
fertile
and
for the
descend-
plain, the
The
Karaalzai have
among
named
valley of
Sodom.
Mardan and
in the fertile
but
but though in
social
matters they
they are politically in alliance with the adjoining Buneyrs, and have
a tribal chief of their own at Charorai.
slave girl have done no
after their
common
The
named
Shiwa,
&c.,
More
or less,
though
it is
all
Mandanr
these
clans within our Border have beaten their swords into plough-
shares
or as Bellew describes
plough with a
rifle
it,
"
the cultivator
who went
watched his crops with armed patrols day and night, now
seed into the ground far
away from
his village,
no further anxiety."
as pickets
and
to
side, or
casts his
is
troubled with
cattle
and play on
women
of both
is
in
It
many
thrill-
is
true
respects
and where he has the further benefits of canal water and an easy
settlement,
may no
is
becoming
longer rouse
rich
him up
and well
to
to
do battle
do.
fur
hearth or his
but
with so
it is
much
261
pacific virtue.
much
not quite so
is
translated as he
looks.
Of Joseph's own
Uriah,"
who was
souls,
whom
sons, of
cattle-lifting
Mughals.
fell
had twelve
till
the
did,
" 'Isa
"
From
Indus, and,
with some others, they are now known as the Black Meuntain
tribes.
are small and unimportant, though for a long series of years they
more formidable
frontier neighbours.
defenceless
far
Customs
officers,
into the
Messrs.
in
1851
an
outrage that, Hke the recent Black Mountain one, took place within
They
our Border.
gating
altogether
troublesome of
ful,
all
are split
into
probably not
some ten
2,000
is
sub-divisions, aggre-
fighting
Khan
numerous
up
The Akazai
as the Hassanzais,
division
is
to us within the last ten years, inspired not improbably in the first
Khan of Agror.
many other Yusafzai
instance by the
As with
is
so
clans, not
little
of the trouble
ACROSS THE BORDER.
262
>vlio,
from early times, have been the cause of the most of the
who
iu the shape of
in
on
"vvith
the
us
cost
two
the
of
lives
of Agror, and close to the fort of Trund, but their glen has always
been a refuge
the surrounding
all
tribes,
There
influence.
tribes,
from
which,
is
no doubt
Black Mountain
spilt
up among them-
with the
tire
being
difficult
method
owing partly
worth the
hardly
with equal
said
of dealing wdth
certainty,
its tribes,
it
maps
is still
shown
But
life
the
that
to
right
effectual
up
to the
Indus bank
as a practically
cost
unknown country
General Galbraith's
had one
son,
It
attacking.
most
column the
to their position
of
trouble
them would be
published
rendering them
might be
Mc Queen,
under General
the
" Elias,"
from
whom
Four
sprang the
five
Moses"
important
four sons
]Jaulatzais
and
the Chagarzai,
Duma
western
by
t,wo
wives, of which
two main
divisions,
partly in
the
third,
slopes of the
Mountain.
So that
with this
last
modern representatives
are the
allies,
There
Mali.
almost
all
Musa and
of Joseph's sons
is
and
frontier,
may
it
2G3
With
marked
from
stood aloof
us.
Of Ako, the
last
all.
each of
The
important divisions.
To begin
whom
with, he
that with half a dozen sub-divisions, holds a good part of the right
of the
Swat
it,
as far as Dir,
its
chief
One
and
clan,
Gazan
(2j
The
Bazidzai, or Baizai,
by the
bank
left
from Gilgit
and
(3),
Utman
Khels.
Akun
most learned
priest,
historian,
and saint
Darwaiza,
Other Pathan
their country,
and there
numbers
of Hindus, Hindkis,
Yusafzais.
These
little societies
264
ing
most
their religious
of
The Hindus
undisturbed.
like the
Gaduns, Jaduns
Utman Khels on
especially, not
particularly flourish,
Muhammadan
the
rites
or
tribes,
the west,
who
A Border Gentleman,
Rissaldar
Muhammad
in
Khan.
many
purposes be
every
man
fighting
capable
of
bearing arms
Almost
may be reckoned
total strength at
upon
close
as
30,000 without,
Eminently an agricul-
and
their fields
famed
265
for
flocks,
As shown
government.
to one another
to
by a common
bound
groups
Of
up
Each son
the produce
acknowledges no
Akhund.
But
of
his
suzerain,
land,
and
unless
it
recognises
be
no
master,
or
chief
or
religious
to a great extent
it
is
not
an invader.
CHAPTER
SWAT, PANJKORA,
The
XXXII.
AND BAJAWAR.
British rule,
is
is
under
and
scanty.
but uncertain
points, is
Long
is
residence in
command
to
still
Physically,
among
all
become the
stretch,
continuously
almost
till,
far
beyond
the
whence spring
so
by direct
many
it
as
the
"
roof of the
in rear,
would be
still
country
to
from
move
assault.
world,"
So that
its
full
people,
is all
of interest.
the
more
to
less
unapproachable
be regretted, in that
Though not
altogether
it is
a "Land
a
of
SWAT, PANJKORA,
many
Promise," yet
among
its
oil,"
read, corn
exports.
principal
267
AND BAJAWAR.
aud
its
Its climate is
Many
capabilities great.
parts of
tablets,
investigation, to
in
valuable every
less
be rich
indi-
inscribed
to
innumerable
known
are
it
probably
scien-
offer
very striking
own
little
with
to the
is
so great, they
same stock
there
it
is
will
Of
fertile,
trict
takes
its
The
river
dis-
it is
up
to the junction
practicable for any except foot passengers, and not easy for them,
Utman
Khels.
From
the point of
its
source,
is
The main
Swat proper.
valley, intersected
Clarified butter.
side, is in places
by ravines
ten miles
268
natural
dividing
it
Ranizai,
Swat Kuz
into
Beyond, further
sections,
north-east
having more
which
A formidable
country
is
Ranges of
make
20,000 feet
great barrier
lofty
as
snow-clad moun-
what
is
it
known
is
Upper Swat.
is
passes.
the
again,
are
principal
or
affinity
which the
of
or
to
between
peaks of nearly
Hum
it
oppose a
to the Indus,
territory.
The
passes that afford the best entrance are over this last named.
The
Ranizai country
quite so easy
it
and British
easiest
more
still
between
lies
is
the Mora
difficult
one
Not
one.
is
by Shahkot.
it
Division.
valley, the
range,
up
known
as
'SSam"
But
some distance
The two
Mora
own
different clans,
quarrels and
Bar
factions as villages
its
for
length.
hic^hlanders.
O
tu each
left
have overflowed
latter
with
through the
is
district
its
own
chief, not
with as
" or
down
many
factions, each,
AND BAJAWAR.
SWAT, PANJKORA,
The whole
valley
269
is
or hamlet,
its village
far short of
The
100,000 souls.
by
fields are in
The course
valley
is
almost unbroken
cultivation.
to side of the
ground
is
and the
neglected.
and
dead buried
it.
when a
great portion
of the valley can be irrigated, the lands everywhere near the river
are a sheet of luxuriant rice, the steamy exhalations from which
it is
in the
extreme
with houses
among
wretched
valley.
moun-
below
lies
is
river.
much
and
still less
wind
of a
continuous.
The
it is
all
to,
is little frost,
The men
is
there
its
is
the winter
cultivation, dotted
who
all
combined
Avith the
to bring on fevers
which
and
feeble, hardly
resembling
270
Punjab
less
like the
affected, for
curiously
much
far
more
of the
Pathan communities.
Pathan appearance.
Not
only do they go unveiled, and enjoy more liberty, but rule the
men
to
The men
where.
of the
Swat
known among
is
PathS,ns
else-
Swat, however,
is
also the
name
"
"
or
The
generally for
range of
all
snow melts,
as the
where 90
for three,
plentiful,
Pathans
is
it
And unique
description of
is
frequently impassable
lbs of
Swat
ansv.'ers
cultivation,
for fifteen
to get there.
is
country suggestive of
and a buffalo
much
summer.
and hospitable
enough
from the
sheep
sloping steeply
fertile,
l)lenty,
glens and
hills rising
All are
many
less
which
more
so,
for
one rupee, a
where animal
commodity
fat,
being
so fi^reign to
civilization of their
own.
the best
fat
it
is
271
cattle,
Nevertheless, there
is
The
chief of the
who
name
group
is
of the principal
is
The town
of the Yusafzai.
fortress, is
Swat boundary up
furthest limits
respectable
is
the
Omitting minor
SwS,t, is said to
known
carriers
tributary
ones,
like
still
or Barawal, reputed to
Biraul,
less
be
being in places as
in
ground
grain,
for large
iron
is
herds of
80
lately
mixed with
sells in
Fine
lbs.
hills,
cattle,
which
iron,
but
is
It does a fair
chiefly
known
charcoal,
is
is
in connection
largely exported
to
streams, and
which
as fifteen
especially wheat,
The
length.
trade
much
is
Peshawur.
down by the
of Kabul.
It
has
his
who
authority there
though heretofore
it
has been a
THE BORDER.
A CROSS
272
distinctly
forced to do
The
so.
numbering
The "Baz"
Badshrdi.
or bind,
of "
title
power
Baz
"
or
to break
is
derived from a tax levied on the Hindkis, and a land rent from the
who
in
is
marked
contrast to
many
West
which
as
ways.
of these again
latter people
is
Kunar
the
Bajawar
is
strip
Kafiristan, with
whenever opportunity
slaves
and
river
While
offers.
hills
of the
Utman
or
in a series
number
larger
is difficult in
As a
tribe,
is
who
From
called the
Every-
mountain.
this
Khels,
Larman
between
east,
the
means
cliffs
Utman Khels
fighting
are comparatively
They
men.
are
and the
Peshawur
They
district.
are,
Baba,
in the
and claim
who came
to
in with
five sons of
Utman
A.D.
During the
first
years of
SWAT, FANJKORA,
AND BAJAWAR.
273
outlaws,
in
when
and hacked
to pieces a
remained unpunished
surprised
killed,
number
till
of
1878,
Pathan
when
fullest retribution
coolies,
an outrage that
and the
In 1876,
exacted
since
their ringleaders
when
the
They
and hardworking
stout, fair,
civilized.
sober,
Utman
often
They
live
CHAPTER
XXXIII.
To
make
clear
that
the Yusafzais
of
Swat are
mountains, seldom
the
Hum,
less
over 9,000
by
so formidable a barrier.
range of
feet, or
passes
more
or
less
The family
practicable.
may
to all intents
its
them
neighbouring
name
of Buneyrwals.
Commencing from
like
is
somewhat
as follows.
thoroughly
classic
ground
the
"
Mora, or Hum.
Great Forest
"
of
the
early
irresistable
Aornos,
if
Hwen Thsang
in
it
and
A.D.,
The Jaduns,
is
hill,
its
visited
his
or Gaduns,
Indian
won
still
is
^75
name
Their
is
all,
or even
evidence of their
neighbours.
is
Khudu
the
Amazai
country.
spur of the
and
Khels,
Chamla
Valley,
known
as the
is
Guru Mountain
separates
the
many
which
Ghorband
all
the
largest
are
the
Paran,
at the
of each,
Kana, and
head of
it,
and
The
known
as the Buneyrwals,
are,
Musa and
Mali.
purposes, all
The
may be
treated as
more
or less influenced
open, a
trifle
which
to
fertile, it is
some extent
is
as a fairly
Perhaps equally
by Buneyr.
less feverish in
more
autumn.
ACROSS THE BORDER.
276
that surround
it,
the difference
>vorld,
is
In both
cases,
Among
the best
known
Lundkhwar
Bazdara
is
by
Valley,
Sherkhana
and
Pali
name
the
is
in
Ambeyla
the
the
"
Buneyr.
district of
Rhinoceros
"
third, still
pass, according
crossed the
and
is
Baizai,
in
suggestive of difficulties
Another
by merchants,
the
can,
on the
Finally,
with
still
more
east,
having
difficulty,
be
men
of
Swat
specimens
finer
and lands
is
almost unknown.
who
claim shelter,
con-
fall
Upright
such a case
all
own
and though probably not anxious to begin the war, they were
the
Ambeyla campaign.
with our
officers,
limits.
Among
list
and
is
all
and
is
anathema
to a
anything
Buneyrwal.
2Y7
Therefore they are poor, but, for poor Pathans, have an exceptional
regard for the law of meiun and tuum.
may, according
tribe,
Lastly, they
certainty.
tlie "
class,
which
is
probably the
to
are "
distinguished
mother
of devotion,"
Warburton, be
to
many
most
varieties of the
powerful and
while, if there
be one of woe,
it
is
this
is
any section
for it is
jaros-
from
From
Akhund
venerated
the
before
tribes
of Swat,
who
and
by the
and
tion
and
finally,
all
his priestly
we
fanatics
of
ever had
to
the
ill
conditioned,
evil
intentioned,
the
" warriors of
Ahmad
of Bareilly
the
own
among
and the
to
disaffected
the other.
Muhammadan
From
Hazara border,
Mughal,
to
the present,
278
are really " hot beds of fanatics," have provided veritable Caves of
Adullara for
all
Adullamites
may
it.
Among
who
the
are too
creeds
exceedingly
craft}^,
criminals
of
sorts,
debtors,
anywhere
else.
The
larger
number
part of the Border have been due to the intrigues of these fanatics.
The colony
of Sittana
Sikh times.
They were
to
them
necessary against
They
in 1853.
tried
form a general
to
them out
of Sittana
Two
"Disloyalty of
all
Ultimately, in 1863,
they forced upon us the Ambeyla campaign, where tribe after tribe
was drawn
in,
until
we had
at one time
allies in
the
There they
much, both
themselves on the fanatics who had brought war into their valleys,
more
but again
in
undertaken
at
the
most
unfavourable
season
of
the
year,
suppressed.
It
would be tedious
to trace their
efforts
not too
much
of reHgion, contributed
spirit
of unrest,
men
and continues
to
this
has,
else to
279
keep
alive the
it is
CHAPTER XXXIV.
A BORDER POPE.
Born
shepherd's hamlet in
probably
Gujars
Upper Swat,
though
of
poor and
disciples
his
them
Abdul
obscure parents,
Gafur,
like other
famous
Eastern heroes, passed his early boyhood tending his father's sheep.
And, just
good
like the
is
little
those gifts and graces said to find such certain divine acceptance.
He
Avould not drink the milk of the cattle that trespassed on un-
lawful grounds.
supplied
The
him with
string, instead of
this nurture,
whacking
them
pasture.
it
generously
finally
ot
when
It
is,
therefore, quite
No Samuel came
to anoint him.
it,
life.
No
distinguished order of a
A BORDER POPE.
powerful
make him
countr}',
281
According
he attached himself
after-wisdom."
to a priest,
to the
custom of the
"
and became a
seeker-
whom
sits,
ground.
his
he
took up his abode at Beka, a bare, barren, lonely spot on the banks
Here he
life
built
him-
penance was
rice-fields,
till
was of an equally
simple kind, and his only dissipation, large quantities of strong tea,
The
suflSciently
ascetic
vellous self-restraint.
It spread
awake
rigour of his
to
life
solicit blessings or
this period of
mar-
Beka
"
of Persia.
or
it
fairness
282
be
shape of patriotism
said, in the
for in
Wahabi, Sayud
Ahmad
The
of Bareilly.
famous
the
who had
former,
just
joined his forces with the Sayud, proved traitor and betrayed the
hitter's
slain.
and
flight
wandering,
till
result
meant abandoning
he established himself in
for, to
make
him again a
'
good.
Man
was not
It
God
of
him the
of
British Yusafzai,
his retreat
him years
"
made
titles
of
On
and
at least
In 1835,
of the saint.
proved too
the patriot
spirit of
much
at
Sikhs, and the Pathans were rallying against their natural and
hereditary enemies, he
Amir, Dost
following,
Muhammad Khan,
latter
numerically considerable.
the
disciplined
Sikh
seekers after
wisdom
"
army.
Kabul
with a pious
worse
use
little
Amir
of
pre-
champions
" martyrs,"
and
and return
choice,
but
more.
Ambeyla campaign
in
crescentade against us
18G3,
for
tribal
he
was drawn
into
At
this
preaching a
lot
much
even with
of his life
A BORDER POPE.
For the previous twenty
affairs of this world,
283
lie
used his best influence to prevent the people of Swat from assisting the rebellious Bazai villages
In
fugitive
highwaymen, and
Native Infantry,
When
55th
mutineers of the
up almost
to a
flying
them
man and
across the
all
the
from
through
he took measures
whom
he stigmatized as
forward as
to
changing his
On
There
is
Hindustani fanatics
kcifirs,
front.
really
him
in
no need to go far
so
for a reason
disputes,
irresistible.
who
for the
entirely
This,
He
The expedition
sumed
and
for the
resisted
Amir
Kabul
he
over,
to
spirits of
make
relife
the Border,
if
January 1877.
Among
who appealed
till
he condemned
to him, as thieves
and
rascals-
284
A
more
few years after his defeat by the Sikhs, his wanderings were
by a grant of land
surrounded by numerous
his
for
made
disciples,
hundreds of
multitudinous desires
visitors
No
matter
though
in
outward appearance
him than
for Elijah to
sum
It
tithes,
and
was no more
easily supplied,
how nu-
necessities,
necessary for
for all
all gratified,
and per-
ills,
disciples'
There he lived
his home.
mortal
his
Nepenthe
Saidu in Swat,
at
own and
an immaterial
The fame
detail.
of the
Hermit
Muhammadans
of
Akhund
of the Border
iti
of Swat.
obscurity,
compared
R')rne, or
Luther in Saxony
his edicts
regarding
customs and secular observances were as uuo religious
o
o
questioned as the Papal Bulls in Spain. When the chiefs of
Akhund
it
was to
A BORDER POPE.
a Sayud of Sittana,
who
for
some years
285
carried on an organized
him
Putting
seems
to
the
Judged by
the standard applied to other religious leaders, he used his influence, according to his lights, for good, supporting peace
and
Muhammadan
of
law as
precej^ts
far as ineradicable
permit him.
Celibacy he by no means regarded as the highest form of virtue,
for
The
clan,
by
whom
he
Abdul
became involved
and in
1883, aided by the Chief of Bajaur, and the virtue of his father's
The younger
Abdul Haq,
still lives,
when death
cut short
spiritual or temporal.
after the fashion of his father, but entirely without his father's
The Border
Pontificate can be no
inspiration or
apostolic succession
influence,
can successfully
Akhund
of Swat.
fill
CHAPTER XXXV.
APOSTLES OF INSURRECTION.
of faith, his
it
is
directly opposed
not a
There
believers in the
of 'Ali
is
Muhammadans,
all sorts
to,
ritualistic
colonies of these
Hindustani to boot.
Yet
this
cherished.
of
or
reformers
Wahabi, the
religious
It
that
curious
little
to all this
to
their
matter of trouble to
us,
intrigues
were as
distinct
loved.
evil, as
Mephistopheles to Faust
little
for
Pathan
APOSTLES OF INSURRECTION.
most
dear, the
that
is
said,
moreover, that
287
It
may be
all
the posterity of Kais, have been drawn from Hindustixn, and after
soil especially
-in
crop of fanatical thorns in the side of the dominant power for the
who
Rokhan the
" saint
of en-
him
opposition.
strict pale of
" edifying
have been
Sufis,
"
He
migration of souls
learnt a
to
little
some
knife.
The
latter
came
life
of adventure
and
own
He
conclusion
established
himself on the
Bazid's career
common
to the
trans-
it;
who taught
others,
is
fell
aud
grafted on this
home
flourishes.
still
preaching of
the miracles, or any set form of religion, and taught that divine
manifestations were
in his own.
made
"
to
men, particularly
He
had
also inspiration or
288
All
dis-
men who
did
not recognize his sect were considered as dead, and their goods
might
opportunity.
find
This, joined to
communism
in the
the
women, and a
commended
itself greatly to
Peshawur
Valley.
was strongly opposed by the Yusafzais and the even more famous
champion of orthodoxy, Akhun Darwaiza, he was accepted at
own
value by a large
number
Mughal
British
He
ruler.
Wahabis were
and
upon an
his following
to the Sikhs,
Government.
of the tribesmen,
They
was able to
his
raise
became
to
the high
Man
off,
in spite of operations
Finally the " perfect saint " was surprised in a night attack, and
but
five
sons followed
their
until they
of a punitive expedition.
The memory
of
two
is
and
for
being as
These rocks
troublesome
and
grandson named
Ilidad, flourished in
highwaymen
for
many
years,
APOSTLES OF INSURRECTION.
No
made a
sects
289
condemning sepulchral
stronger point of
their keepers,
most
Muhammadan
affect,
Unitarians
and
Ahmad
The
which he planted
colonies
made
The
Kot Kai.
of Bareilly.
still exist,
trial
certain
to
man
is
of
Arabic
pilgrim
in
and
Indian
his
under the
learned
doctors
Delhi,
of
Mecca, a zealous
to
known
well
Musalmans.
death
passionate
Islam,
of
among
Chinese,
the
his
his reforms
them.
to
when
it
came
They massacred
really great
The
was
his retinue,
success
They
when he
preferred to go on
The chance
to be missed.
Hindus
of plundering the
Those who
fell,
had the
apostle's
The Jehad ^
the apostle's
booty.
still,
To
raiding,
for a while
The Sikhs
Holy
retaliated
by expeditions
\var.
200
out and hunted back the fugitives into the mountains, destroying
them
The
The
bitterest hatred.
is
a record of the
in
an apostle came
Pa than
own Hindustanis.
Something
fiery cross
to a
man.
they
He
hills as
the
the hour
In 1831 he was
Sicilian Vespers
of evening prayer
like the
finally disposed of
was
slain
the time
for
being almost exterminated. Out of some 1,600, not more than 300
are said to have left the field alive.
apostolic
Nevertheless
the
colonies
re-established
by Sayud Ahmad's
Government
perhaps
among
to their agency.
us,
they have
any
sort,
of inspiring ill-feeling,
and
to
APOSTLES OF INSURRECTION.
any lawless Khan, or
the
Buneyr
after
of
to
Akhund
the one
The
initiative.
clan, that
291
of
Swat used
his influence to
of
among
the tribes,
who have
at length
Even
of late years,
though
so
much may
During the
last
Buneyr
the Buneyrwals
difficulties in
for mischief.
demand a
The more
Deputy Com-
to threaten reprisals if it
which
up
led
was not
to the
paid.
recent Black
It
who
fired
on our villages in
down peaceable
villagers in 1888,
till
And
1889.
known proclaimed
outlaw,
it
was from
Hashim
the
'Ali
frontier
Whether the
will induce
them
to once for
it is
of a
for the
summary
extradi-
CHAPTER XXXVI.
BORDER ROJVIANCE
Although
and
of
pay
to
market
rates
of the
remaining live-stock
hewers
of wood,
inferior to that
and drawers of
The
little
word
is
side.
common
characteristic.
is
The huge
blazing
camp
fire,
song
visitors.
The Khattak
more
piercing.
common
all
it,
if
little
The
To be
trolls forth
uncommon
if
he varies
for the
Crusader, and
is
with a not
this
down
the house.
than a fiddle
find a sympathetic
293
both sexes.
for
JULIET.
more
is
like a guitar
rifle,
it
was
to a
down by the
to vie with
Pathan ballad in a very loud, but not by any means inharmonious voice. Similarly a gang of Pathan workmen will draw
favourite
up together
and
troll
Like the
fact far
more
of
it
Elphinstone doubts
than most
if
Pathan has
also his
romance, in
much love-making managed without a go-between. An enterprising Khan does not always wait till the arrangements about the
If he does not mind fighthio^i, or marriage dowry are made up.
ing,
veil,
steal-
or mantilla, or the
Nor
is
the Yusafzai
till
He
to
mamma, who
ACROSS THE BORDER.
294
under the
if
he
whom
the
knew
officially
And
for
any
these
they are
would
visit
it.
delay in the
little
remaining negotiations.
love and
many Pathans
appropriate
there are
lots of
who have
to separate, the one to work, and the other to wait, just for
all
the
stories.
tales,
moreover, mainly
all
is
and
no Border
story of
love
tell of
There
it tells
com-
where youug
tales
or
are ready
in this Elphinstone's
maid
either with
Romeo and
Juliet.
Avhole Yusafzai-country
Adam Khan
specimen
of
and Durkhani
Border
folklore,
is
noticed by
life.
at
late
of Tangi,
goes back to the days w^hen the Yusufzais of Swat used to leave
their
summer
Peshawur Valley.
tribes
hill
end of every
at the
still
to
the
common
matchlocks;
BORDER ROMANCEA PATH AN ROMEO AND JULIET.
the Mithakliel sept of the Abakhel clan had then their
home
at Barikot
Adam
river,
295
summer
the clansmen for his good looks, his grace and his prowess.
of
Renowned
as a
skilful
musician
and none
could equal his skill in playing the rahab (the Pathan guitar)
Romeo
Durkhani, the
circle of friends.
Juliet,
the
close by.
same
of the
She was no
"
sex.
less
clan,
famous
Everywhere
was the fame of her beauty, her amiability, and her talents noised
Nowhere
abroad.
The
at that time
first
is
variously described as
to
for
water when
the clans descended to the plains for the winter, a huge isolated
Malakand
Pass,
where
moment they
that
for
peg
many
to
Adam
to be
loved."
Adam
his
horse
" Tlieir
to be
to the
shod,
and
e3'es
which
took
mended.
more
still
is still
An
to " Paris"
in the shape
life
With
and Durkhani
difficulty she is
no one could
oret
when
a view of her
296
a word
may be
may remain
man
or
Vowed
to
woman, she
accompanied
Path&n
Woman
in
or Mantilla.
The
Bards vie with one another in making verses in her honour, verses
of " such sweetness as to
weep."
"
make
till
face."
of his
297
touched by the
"
make up
strains, inquires
A green parroquet
is
she the
he," says
and
as to the singer.
Durkhani,
is
of
song" apparelled
If
Soon
thy time.
is
name
is
Adam
will
he
away,
fly
Khan."
One
of
the " wings" extols her raven tresses, the other "her dainty arms,
that, like polished blade,
unhappy
his
case,
face,
exile in
some distant
land.
she,
flings
falls
fainting to
tbe ground.
"
Her
her of being bewitched, and proceed to fumigate her with wild rue,
"
done, I
am
reiDlies, "
have
burnt, scorch
me
forth with
me
Adam,
that I
is
fire.
may
fly
If
with him."
The
secret
is
out
a matter of notoriety.
may
Lower
Viz.,
The Koran.
meet again en
route at
298
To Taus Khan's
much
house, with
caution,
bewitched
(Bucha)
"
though
"
if
close
place.
let
may
silver,
some
silenced by a gift of
is
Parting
"The
And
If
my
any of
kinsmen
who thou
art,
are lines that might almost have been stolen by the Pushtu bard.
Now
comes the
The nurse
They
the
are
of the
soft breeze
still
it still is
" Nasiin-i-Sahar."
it is
Adam that
call to prayers,"
morning
to interfere,
Adam,
priest chaunts
to contrive a pretext to
Adam's
is
madly
my
love-lorn condition
in love
becomes obvious
is
"
remarks his
"
to everybody.
"
He
What makes
Durkhani
little sister.
is
away
filled
with
Durkhani
dream have
is
I learnt
in a
"So
much
grace,
will
be here
and thereon
is
for thee."
called
ia
if
Payawai
the Friar
299
Lawrence, Pir Salih, the trusted confidant and preceptor, who with
the nurse arranges a plot to carry off the lady by force on the day
fixed for her
tribal chief,
self
in approved
Pathan form
for assistance,
which
throws him-
given in the
is
These,
Adam
Miru and
to a
his own,
the approved Lochinvar manner, are off at speed and in Mir Eami's
forces
are
fairly
happened.
Events
Mir Bami
in the tragedy
bribed by Payawai to
heavily
is
So much
Adam,
so,
attacks his,
death.
sufficient to
clan were afterwards seized with leprosy, and gradually died out,
nothing of
name
it
of Mir, or Pir,
ally treacherous
Bami
to
become a synonym
man a Border
an exception-
for
Judas.
Gujar Khan unites his forces with Adam, but both are drawn into
is killed,
and
Adam
badly wounded.
latter is
beaten
off,
the
Durkhani, meanwhile,
Adam
her only solace the tending of two flowers in the garden, one named
after herself, the other after her lover.
the flower
named
after
Adam
drawn
1
can
is
On the day
of the
ambuscade
watching
it,
wMch
his
Adam.
no Tathan
300
The
"
trial is fatal.
Overwhelmed with
is
him
named Gulneza,
"
"
filled
where his
The
flower-loving one
"
Were
all
is
the
Adam in his
dies, "
carried to
grief
he
and he gradually
again,
Another version
kills
Adam
first,
whom
first
learn
even Payawai at
last
repenting for
all
agree that
lost in
between the
clans,
man
it,
twice was love again triumphant, and both are found united in one
grave.
in to such persistence,
and agreed
Durkhani,
whom
of
last
it
to
by the holy
as
gave
resting-place
may
priest,
truly
of
be
Adam Khan
said
as
of
and
their
protoypes,
"A
Whose misadventured
Do
Near Mardan
where the
rival
piteous overthrow
strife."
ended.
far
bow
And
bloom
in a
away from
river, is
the
301
is
certain, like
also, like
of his youth.
is
the
grave of Pir Salih, the good friar of the Babuzais, whose shrine
still
memory
of
Adam Khan
is
dear to the
the
Kh^n of
is
Hoti.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Pathan Poetry.
Somewhere between
may
niystic doctrine of
it
the Sufis
is
to the profane
divine
kind
^just
as the khirkah or
silk,
a form
For
by zephyrs are
to be understood
meant devotion
guide
the tavern
is
outbursts of grace
an oratory,
The warmest
curls
description
and
tresses
essence
in the
ki.sses
is
keeper a spiritual
its
by wine
human
in
it
of the
;
piety.
But
Pathan has
while, as
might be
PA THAN POETR Y.
303
wants and
of
life,
little
similes are
their
is
a breath of
lives
of
wai'riors
to
still
fair
sex was great, and whose odes were distinctly less Sufistic than
Such
erotic.
at
to popular favour
'
Amal-i-jismani
on the Border.
or " corporeal
" spiritual
adoration,"
if
For Europeans
translated by
as text-books.
Among these writers, perhaps the most popular are the two
Mohmand Mullahs,' Abd-ur-Rahman and 'Abd-ul-Hamid, the Shaikh
S'adi of the Pathans
last century.
Besides effusions
number
still
Muhammad,
many
subjects,
Persian.
Almost equally
Khushhal Khan
Khan
already referred to
of love odes,
Sir
Khwajah
exile," before
304
in one grave
slain in
both
Kazim Khan,
did a grandson,
Khan
Ansari,
notorious
"
better
Among
known
a
nom de plume
was Mirza
is
sometimes claimed by
Tirah, where
descendants
h.\^
earlier series
still
the Yusafzais,
xinAQv
Mian Khel,
of the
all
nations from
loveliness or the
little
made
Be
is
to
may
occasionally vary
Is the western
Her glance
'tis
Her
at once
'Abd-ul-Qadir declares
of her beauty
Her
gazelle's.
is
hearts kindle.
aPathan
Ana-
it
less note,
his
still flourish.
and her
eyes are
as free as the
is
Each
" pierceth
ance
is
me
like the
hidden by her
two-edged sword of
curls, as
'Ali.
Her counten-
is itself
concealed in darkness."
"From thy
curls,
thy ruby
lips, ;xnd
thy face
Or
it
mouth
dawn
of day.
FA TilA N POETR Y.
Romeo
made
is
to speak of stealing
Juliet's lips,
"No
305
*******
one
is
The ambrosial
"A
single
And
may
Conserves
much
moment
lip to lip
so as the
not sound
The
Her
liiglily
" real
Rahman
and the
lips, all
jam."
writes
moon,
all
all
fir,
as
is
And
again
"This
is
the Adored
This
is
the
one that
rose that
is
the rival.
the thorn.
is
The
This
is
wisdom that
This
is
that
This
is
separation
This
is
autumn that
that
love.
consoler.
is
conjunction.
This
is
devotion
This
is
This
is
Eahman that
is
the Adored.
This
is
is
the physician."
following,
plimentary
is
is
is
fire.
so
Allah's grace,
ruddy glow."
XXXVI.
com-
'
306
this,
Rahman
my
desires
mistress
"How
down
pit extract
as rope.
Could they but view her rosy lips the jewellers, I ween,
For Yaman sapphires would abandon further search.
Should my love in her beauty visit the grove,
The rose of the garden all claim to its beauty would waive.
Think not that even in ])oorasday's dire confusion,
Kamgar- will let go his grasp on her skirts."
"
He jests
hills,
for a
is,
country of
"If thou fallest from the precipice of love thou wilt loose thy
Oh thou who gnashest them at me by way of admonition."'
Some
of the verses
sufrofestive
of
e&
Moore
"Where thou
When
When
The
in the
mead thou
"
My
is scarred.
fragrance of
night's
my
is
everywhere
diffused.
show me thy
gloom, with lighted lamp, do we not seek
For in
teeth,
heart
is lost,
face,
lost treasures
In every limb
And when
With wine
of joy
my
goblet
brimmeth
o'er."
man
recovers never.
arts.
'
"
PA TilA N POE TR Y.
The nectar
The stream
Kawsur^ put
307
to shame,
"The lucky man who once his foot within her threshold plants,
He will the gates and walls of Paradise forget.
The prospect of heaven to come, is bliss to monk and priest,
But in meeting
thee,
is
coy,
at once."
" Her promised kiss she ever makes a draft to pay to-morrow
How with such promise can I my heart refresh ?
was
soft
Many plump
Thorns
are,
and, quoth
and
sleek,
my
partridges have I
quarry made."
Rahman
"
And 'Abd-ul-Hamid
"As
'\
it
is
concealed, the
more
its
perfume increaseth,
The river of Paradise, from which all the others liave their source.
The first letter of the Arabic alphabet.
"
The attachment of the nightingale for his sultana, the rose is a constant Eastern
'
'
idea
"
Tlie
maid
for
whom
his melody,
Byron's Giaour.
ACROSS THE BORDER.
308
That in
"
Khushhrd
is
me
The remedy
me
From
is
much
writer cover
of this
wider
a o-ank'U of flowers,"
"
made
the
is
"
"
place
how
"
flowerblossoms
in
summer
of
men
in
V)i)ard, l)oth
of spirit
to
Bajawah."
who
"who had
"
There
all,"
He
who
"
;
and the
it,
equally
in describing
heart's seared
the tumult
Sflories
all
is
as the tulip
forth
He
more
their
in
offer
whose breezes
again
and
field
Still
of wine.
For therein
nosegays
praises
Tell
variety
its
From
The odes
sings
is
no
sj)ot like
Such heroes
home
it is "
of
others the spot," and he thanks Allah that Ids forbears selected
"
with
Indus."
rain,"
"
its
Wlio
what
"
heart-ravishing
sport
it is
for falcon,
PATHAN POETRY.
in tlie
woods of Kalah-paiii
Do
not
300
its hills
shoot straight up to
lip
"
?
of a Peshawur Wine-bowl.
Khak bar
sar
8aghar-i-iiiai
kim gham-i-ayam ra
ra.
Get up, O
Never mind for the cares of the world.
grief)
(Literally, throw dust on the head of the days of
Hand me the wine flask in order
head.
Tliat I may remove the blue heavens from my
and God.)
(Viz. That there may be nothing between me
Are not
" its
and
tall in stature
withal
"
agile,
"
merry-
The waters
"
310
.1
more
it
is
of
them
lie
to
more
than
vile
its
horrid climate
"
They
when an
thinks
"
drink
exile
in the
It
to get
write
is
satisfactory to
back
many
autl quaff
a song
know
many
the
memory
of the Border
clansmen.
^
The iBdus.
The Kabul
river.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
THE BLACK MOUNTAIN.
The
little strip
of rugged
mountain lying
and
is
Yusafzai tribes.
outrage.
warrant
its
its
population would
The
iiornets
fanatical
altogether disproportionate
amount
extent nor
them
its
smoke out
terests of
or
it
of annoyance.
occasionally
pests, it
And
just as in
becomes necessary
that shall effectually prevent our villages from being burned, our
villagers kidnapped, their cattle raided,
and our
officers
from being
sort.
312
lieight of
many
feet,
large precipitous and rocky spurs projecting from the sides in all
directions, in the
Along these
spurs,
room
plateaus, affording
lie
assembly of a considerable
for the
force,
easiest ascended, or
it
vanced in 1852, 1868, and 1889, when the very highest peaks were
The lower
occupied.
fir
and
acacia,
{Abies webhiana)
mountain the
by which
known
to
title
Shade
natives.
it is
watered
springs are
deal of hill-side
is
The
s'opes,
and
inferior grains,
size.
many
great
places in
little
wheat,
autumn
is
the
crest.
bilities for
much about
it,
"
saving always
fairly described as
"
classification,
equally delinquents
its
though
and
in
The
tribes
all
company."
may be
divine."
any such
is
company
" villainous
all
Yusafzais.
The Akazais
313
Khan Khel
section of the
Hassanzais, have during recent years been by far the most trouble-
The Chagarzais
some.
to
war than
to trade
their cattle.
hill to
reception
their
the Crag-picket
caused them to
all
share with the Sayuds and their hangers-on the responsibility for
many
west or Trans-Indus.
On
tribes,
all
kindred on the
On
Urmston
the south
is
same
race.
Pathans at
to the
Amb, whose
all.
is
under the direct management of another feudatory Khan, the inhabitants are mainly Swatis and
Gnjars,
still
lie in
Not,
Swat
district,
In Tikari, Nandihar,
succession on the east
in
all
hills,
now
Kafiristan.
people
liberal
little
Though
314
thoy would
many
in
cases
now
describe themselves
Pathan, the
They
have
little
common with
in
Muhammadans.
vices
rankly
Inferior in
said to
"
whipped
of the
cur."
ruffians
or to get
all
The Oswald
to
it
them.
for
It
is
the same
at
time always
So
so large
far as
we know them,
in expeditions, they
in
would
enemies.
It is improbable,
feuds witli the adjoining Pathans, that they would combine against
us, unless it
were
to protect
to take
Mountain
it
moimtain
itself.
slope,
Deshi
fort of
among
On
Tilli
on the
Akhund
I^umerically
all
are
insignificant,
river
Indus.
on
receiving
31
This was to some extent the case during the last expedition,
river.
and, had the operations not been prompt, and the force employed
tribes,
All told,
including
it is
all
doubtful
if
or 7,000
rest
or spears.
amount
in
still
more
The
directed
Palosi.
Undertaken, on a large
insignificant tribesmen
field
it
was
were likely
short, sharp,
and
in its
way
the
decisive enough.
There
handful
life
As
a lesson
it
may
be hoped
possibly
it
may
fairly
outlay of
be doubted
if it
was
The offending
burn his
successful,
permanent
to
trees, or
lives
tribes
but
results, it
and large
were severely
31G
punished, a considerable
wiped
out, a certain
number
amount
of the fanatics
were
literally
cerned in the raids and outrages, and certain of the most notorious
ringleaders were captured and their villages burnt.
marched up
most
difficult valleys,
The troops
inaccessible
fall
scattering
in all
There was
left
mission, and promise to pay any fine inflicted, Avhile their friends
and neighbours
keep
fired
upon our
back to
fit
in
of
sufficiently
supplemented, while
is
it
certain a
hurried
with-
more ready
more reasonable
for future
up
it
to
to the Indus,
ment
first
disorderly tribes
as neiirhbours,
as subjects.
and
to bring the
for all to
facilities for
date
of the
line
its
its
banks had,
enable
course, or
up
it
to the
to
be
for
some distance
more
country
it is
cannot pass.
the road
beyond Kotkai,
further
difficult, as
317
down
so
examination
lost.
all,
while
and the
strip of
Chagarzai
opportunity
an
for
till
cost,
Hassanzai
still
passable for
is
in the
Hindu Kush.
it
to the
North
it is
high, separates
This, or
Barkot
it
down
its
is
a long,
straight to the
cost.
The
opposition would
it
effect
strategic
defence along
its
position,
front,
for
cantoning
and which an
formidable natural
it
all
our com-
^ That a river, within twenty miles of our outposts, sliould have to be indicated
on the best maps by approximate dots, and which dots, on at least one important
some miles of
error, requii'es
no further comment.
^$lilll!;:
CD
far to see
a set of people
converted into
ac
now but
community
removed from
well-behaved
as
little
319
and
as
CHAPTER XXXIX.
A BIT OF
More
is
probably
YAGHESTAN.
"
This, of course,
is
its
some
but
torrent, rushing
little
between overhanging
cragsman
a skilled
way
any
rocks, dangerous to
no
gust of wind
and lawless
us,
Not a
of the year.
tribes
little,
who
also, to
among
all for
many months
immediately adjoining
travellers alike.
But
and of great
that for
fertility,
are communities,
little
changed or
in-
own customs,
their
own
dialects,
The
limits of the
and,
to a
great extent,
and of creed.
A BIT OF
the Pathan to the
left of
"
YAGHESTAN."
321
much
more
or
less
Pathan blood
known
as "
who maintain
pure-blooded Yusafzais,
Then come
in their veins,
tribes with a
and of Pushtu
or
to
is
their con-
Further, again,
trace of
all
colonies.
Buneyr are
nominally
is
the
entirely
drill,
command
cannon made of
and blus-
leather,
till,
Muhammadans who
among
Koran.
In the comparatively small but
Nandihar,
more nearly
The same
still
Sayud
is
is
possessed by
and Indian
corn.
The
by one
is
and prosperous
slopes, dotted
villages.
with
The whole
fields of
valley
wheat and
is
perhaps
capable of furnishing 7,000 fighting men, and the three former are
credited with about 8,000, recognizing as leaders the
On
Khans
of
322
Sayud
colony,
"
Kohistan,
Among
is
westward to Kabul, or
only partly displaced
independent country,"
districts inhabited
"
the
is
all
Yaghestan,
as
just
or
rebellious
the
little
hill
The main
attention to him.
the Nila Naddi, and the Chicharga, separated from each other by
and
incidentally,
it
may be
At
is
destitute of roads as
Of
is
trade there
is
some
place, with
much
may perhaps
we understand
roads,
present
and
in
recrossing at
if
such a collection
By
is
not
Pathans
They
forced
by Moslem invaders
plexioned, quick-eyed,
to
become Muhammadans.
built, clean-limbed,
sharp-featured
people, brave
dark-combut quiet,
A BIT OF
many
Islam, and in
still
preferring their
"
YAGIIESTAN."
many Hindu
valleys retaining
own
Some
particular idols.
323
customs, and
of the dialects, of
full
Pushtu
and Dardistan; a
of the Dards
concerned,
is
up the theory
title
altogether misleading.
the Indus, near Koli and Palus locally called Dards, but they are
speaking different
called
among
frequently
dialects,
And
languages,
In language,
inapplicable.
dress, habit,
and probably
common with
and
Dard
to stand for
of Gilgit,
different
is
is
quite
riice,
these
it
the peoples
Cunningham.
Chilas, another thousand square miles of
country, on
its
little
still
more mountainous
distance conterminous
by
is,
in a sort of
way acknowledged
some
of
as
whom pay
The
visit
would probably be
Many
resisted.
from the
river,
Kashmir,
Gilgit
resistance
would
suffice to
keep
or
off
little
former Sikh expedition sent from Kashmir against the Chilas valley
met with a
disastrous defeat.
mountain "
naked mountain,"
rise in
the case of
in this hterally
Nanga
Y 2
324
a mere
hill
compared
to Gilgit opposite,
boasts of twenty peaks from 20,000 lo 24,000, and eight from 24,000
The balance
of Chilus
feet,
that
fields
rhubarb,
is
forests,
to a great
with occasional
cattle,
is
succeeded by pine
feet,
however
Practically
it is
a single
rainless,
is
Parbat
fair
oi
bare
fall
amount
in the
of
irri-
The people
tanis
some
are
of their glens
resort of
Mullahs
from Swat, and are consequently zealous and bigoted much beyond
horse
named
who
of them, are
would be put
They
many
They, or
a rudely sculptured
is
to
There are roads from the upper Swat into the extensive Kandia
valley
from Yassin
to the
Khagan
to the
Indus
is
fertile
The
road,
in
Srinagar, by
hand, ivam
the
tlie
north
of
the
from that again by the Kanuri Pass into the Astor Valley, and
Gilgit,
some 170
miles,
which
is
to be
A BIT OF
"
YA GHESTAN."
325
made a good
At present
communications.
it
all
doubtful
is
and
it
if
is,
Chilas
therefore,
keep the
The
different nations.
estan
is,
so
many
Yagh-
little
in fact, the
number
what are
of
Thalich, which
is
Drew
Mr.
practically independent
The system
government in
its
own
It
Home
and enjoys
has
own
its
who
all
teros"
encouraging
brave,
outsiders
give
to
There
its
neighbours.
which
quite
is
advice,
their
is,
and
eloquent,
in
of
" Sigas,"
called
joining
please
public,
village,
Eule, irrespective
parliament,
Each
faddist.
nevertheless,
is,
"
Jush-
which,
moreover, already a
The
public.
given, after
public,
having relieved
which only
"
Jushteros
which
its
" are
also
is
open
to the
is
Murder
left to
but
is
settle,
Slavery
among
kept
exists in
many
valleys,
spring, the
rare,
still
be
is
is
young man
till
and
it is
The sexes
September.
said to
are
In the
326
must wait
till
The
women
old
"
his fancy to
lightly
attempt to evade
it is
punished by
any
fine.
so,
among them.
The Allaiwals
temptingly near
merchants
for
little
Any
us,
all
officers.
down
to Attock.
It is
to
us
their
foe,
but
strength
want
is
description.
Their real
likely to
to interfere with.
little
"
land
again,
doomed
"Jushteros" and
to go downhill.
of mountains "
which
forms the
and secluded
will
valleys, occupied
lies
western frontier of
a series of lofty peaks
To the north
is
its frontier
A BIT OF
YA GBESTAN."
"
32Y
familiar statesNager,
Gilgit, Yasin,
Hunza,
and
Chitral,
others.
No mere
of Kafiristan.
unbroken descent.
Traces of
types.
or,
according to a recent
Russian authority on the look out for natural subjects for the
Czar,
"
Of
incontestably Slav."
of rock-cut
Brahmins,
figures of
with
others
the
like
Shins,
hold
that
everything
where
still
secluded
and the
of
fire
altars, or
over
spreading
itself,
languages and
valley, of
do not consider
it
century's keeping;
is
ripe
with
amusement and
the ordeal of
requires a
fire,
man
disposal.
ethnological
speaking
whom
free
wine
and
dancing
and are so
for
is
both
game who
;
sexes the
still
practise
Countries
as
till it
ten,
national
well
and
as
peoples
political
of
the
interest,
of
greatest
whom
possible
fragments
328
to a great extent
be
to
still
described.
Northward
great
watershed between the Indus and the Oxus, the passes over which
are probably sufficiently difficult to deter any large
there.
be
for
learn about
them the
many
crossed, to rendezvous in
some
and
appears to
places, and,
sometimes
it is
having
called,
which
is
fertile,
Gilgit or Jeirdabad.
it
army venturing
easier
equally great
if
Kashmir
a contingency
it is
it is
rival states
less of
measures to prevent.
Pathan border,
of Afghanistan.
is
fall
in
dozen independent
at
known
direction.
is
ing,
Muhammadan
neighbours, but
supplemented
by
still
more
no doubt
is
active
intrigues.
his promises
to
upon
this
among
as an
has been
His expedition
so
much by
the
Shinwari rebellion
convenient season
It
is
understood
Afghan influence
to ensure that
and
British influence
shall
be
A BIT OF
established instead.
in Gilgit.
Kashmir
Gilgit
construction
of
Chitral,
It will
road,
the
this has
be assisted
by the opening
of the
railway
to
officers,
Kafiristan
more
common
especially
so
more
in
alonff
If the
if
good,
329
yaghestan:'
To some extent
"
Yaghestan
and
CHAPTER
XL.
What
would apply
to
make
Hazara,
finish
the
that, for
grandeur of
Valley
And
mountains,
variety,
plentiful
its
is
nothing
streams,
of people,
viously
its
and charming
with
jiicturesque scenery,
feasts,
more thriving
marks the
territory, of
villages,
or
long
it
Kohistan
tongue of
To
To
and
make up
its feeders,
Nanga Parbat
Khagan
as a
peaks, afford-
ing excellent grazing almost to their tops, and whose sides, where
not clothed with grass, are covered with forests,
tains, that
a series of lovely
hills
Gullies, to Murreo.
and charming
Westward
"
vista of
moun-
little stations,
known
as the
and not
331
from the
independent Swati valleys that drain into the Indus, while the Black
Mountain
rises
Cultivation
covers every bit of level ground, from the prolific fields of Harripur
tion
plentifully irrigated.
is
much
much
its
deep blue
silent lakes of
beauty,
is
of our
The
fiercer torrents
forces of the
Indus
all directions,
field,
are
husk the
"
rice,
and
the
female slaves
"
of the cultivator.
centre
Empire
is
marked by the
seems
to
freedom
of the
station
of
peace
the
and vegetables
Border
stations,
Abbottabad
And where
it
may
be said
by
not in order
to
district
run
most beautiful
and the chenar.
round
off a
sentence
English civilization
to a
number
of
by no
The
lanes
with
and the
also
hills,
flourish side
while
plains.
filled
amount
is
through gardens
fruits
Empire
of the valley
abad.
way.
all
flowers,
the
turn
any other
332
country for
bit of
Sikh Governor's
its
Jammu,
The
fectly tranquil."
since then,
is
first
time in
story of
exchange
taste, in
for
in 1847,
a strip
and in
its history,
its
official
Gazetteer
country
but
still
more
Twenty years
itself.
of British rule
increased fifty per cent., doubled the area of cultivation, more than
Thirty
and raised
to important branches
of trade,
all.
many commodities
The day labourer, who
a day,
now
earns not less than two in the villages, and four in the
sheets for a rupee, and a fancy
towns.
anna
turban for fourteen annas, now gets a rupee for four sheets, and two
rupees for the turban
instead of four.
it,
eight annas
much more
in the
way
of hire
he
eats, drinks,
all
round gets
is
of
what
it,
difference a good
for
and
The
and
any
Nor can
people
it
rather
in spite of
it is
is
what
due
in
many
compared
them
is
markedly unfavourable.
Notwithstand-
ing their former character for turbulence and rebellion, they have
neither the energy nor
is
manly
qualities of the
litigious
enough,
"
Pathan
or the Biloch,
does he yearn
f(jr
honour and
glory.
Ho
is
333
to
corner to which the less warlike races were gradually driven, and
he
is
When
Originally the
origin.
wur Valley,
in the fifteenth
fled across
Then
with Timur,
if
pos-
plain.
Jalal
in
Khagaa,
the Tarins lower down, and finally the Yusafzais crossed the Indus,
When
sidered,
it
bit,
went
to
make up
mixed.
is
is
likely to
somewhat
is
be a
conlittle
as follows
North of Manserah the Swatis hold pretty well the whole, about
one-third of the district; descendants from tribes of Indian origin,
like Gujars, Ghakkars,
in the centre
cf
Amb
Sayud
whole.
The
mented
on.
His deceit
is
The
a proverb.
many
countries.
was to have
all
How
under the
first
many
contract,
counterparts in
when
the Swati
grew below,
fair,
season he sowed carrots, and got the belter of his Satanic majesty
334
who
again,
is
now
bad
in respect of
faith
and other
both
Hindu
faithless, crafty,
doings, he
ill
Mahaban
is
naught
"
his
is
relative.
perverts to Islam
are
and cowardly.
Murree
on a level
is
Kurals
it
now
The Tanaoli
in 1857,
fair to
In creed
and peaceful,
soldiers,
although but
citizens,
for
our rule
all
more
little
middling as
than
Muhammadans.
five
per
cent.
Hindus of
but
is
all
none
sorts,muster
are
fanatical
Pathan highlanders.
are small
the
and enervated, though very fine men are found among the Swatis of
Khagan
and
same
among Pathans
light as
The women
generally
are regarded
so
much
much
if
in the
valuable property,
many
women have
their share of
them
toil,
summary
and
is
curious as a
Swati's wife
is
Kule"
too
often
to
stays
all
The
Home
The
is
Turk
is
to laziness
and indulgence
335
is
greatly under
petticoat influence.
Any
outline
of the
social
habits
and
tribal
customs of
so
diversely
amount
disproportionate
violence
constituted a
is
rare
of space.
They agree
submissive subjects.
Anything
like
open
and the
330
toil,
than
for
letting
There
that direction
is
is,
surveillance to
to his authority,
and
for
Agror intrigues
and
ofuarded agfainst.
Agror Valley,
the
All the
it is
INDEX.
i:n^dex.
A.
B.
S'adi,
303
poet,
Bannu,
303
Adam Khan
to Jews, 96
likeness
traditions,
271
of,
102
96
126
taken
importance
189,
Zakha Khels
Kukis
Malikdin Khels
Quniba Khels
of the Khaiber,
202
288
Akhund
Gallais, 189
)
Khels,
religious
colony
of,
314
of Swat,
280
Akra, ancient mounds of, 127
Allai Valley, 313, 321
Amb, chief of, 313
Ambeya, pass into Buneyr, 276; campaign
of the, 278
Amir
_^
(Beyla),
Makran, Sarawan
jyuEX.
340
Draband
Dreshak
jiortance
Dumkis, Rind
of information
regarding,
Dund
Biloches, 34
333
tribe iu Hazara,
E.
;"
174
Borderer, a domestic, 232
of,
173
sentries,
Bo/.dar Biloches, 57
Brahui
Bughti
ditto,
23
traditions
of,
33
ditto, 57
Fnkir, or mendicant
Fends of the Pathan
an Afridi, 191
friar,
138
177
soldier,
story of
C.
Catch-cm-aliveO's, 180
Chachar Pass, Dera Ghazi district, 48
Chandiannies, settlements of, 102; love
feasts of, 162
Chapdos, or Biloch raids, 61
Cliilas, country of, 323
routes to, 197
Chitral, State of, 327
Colonies of fanatics, 261,^^ 290, 321
Crime in the Peshawur Valley, 228
reads, 2
D.
199
Ghoria Khel, an original division of Pathans, 217
Ghoria Khel, sub-divisions of, 219 Mohmauds, Khalils, Daudzais
Gigianis, original division of Pathans, 217
new road
324
Guides, corps of, 175
of, 178
Gujars and Gakkhars
mountains
Gumal
Pass,
opening of,
92
Gumati
Pass,
to,
324;
of,
a really
in
happy man
Hazara, 334
Bannu
district,
Gundara, a division of
Gurchani Piiloches, 56
132
Bilochistiin, 18
H.
ITamayun
in the
U\
INDEX.
development
Gigiauis,
into Yusafzai,
split
Turkilauis, 217
Khalils, sub division of the Ghoria Khel
217
44
I.
river
of,
saints, 71
of,
Indus
name
ancient
17
Kasrani Biloches, 57
Karachi, port, 17
Pathans, 219
tion
of,
220
distribution of,
national dance,
present
strategic value of
position, 124
Jadrani Pathans, 124, 160
in
157
Klrris, fixed camps, 81
K.
approaches
Kabul, a centre of trade, 211
position, the, 206
from India, 198
resources of valleys round, 209 Russia's
probable objec^tive, 207
Kabul Khel Waziri Pathans, 106 characteristic agreement with, 116
Kaclics, or small valleys, 104
;
Kufilas, or caravans, 81
Katiristau, country of, 327
Kaha Pass, Dera Gh;izi district, 48
Kaisor Pass, Bannu district, 104
Kakar Pathan, 59
Kamaliya aud Jalaliya, rocks
nnnor passes
Kohistan, Cis-Indus, 322 capital of, 322";
of Kashmir, 326 of Kabul, 326
Kohistanis, 324
Kohnok Hills, the, 120
Kunar Pdvcr, 272
Kurals, tribe iu Hazara, 334
Kurmarna Valley, 165
Kurram 'Valley, the, 141
;
at Attock,
288
Laghari Biloches, 57
Liirani Pass from the Swat Valley, 268
Lasharis, former great division of Biloches,
30
Lataband Pass to Kabul, 198
INDEX.
342
Lep:eud
N".
M.
Kakar Pathans, 60
Panjkora Valley, 270
Panni Pathans of the Sangan Valley, 59
Pariari Sayuds, colony of, 314
Panizai
Mohmand
Maidan
224
pride,
reverence for
Romeo and
139
Piifer
Juliet,
a,
superstition, 227
294
;
martyr,
a,
wives, 237
Pathan Saints
Akhund Darwaza of
Peshawur, 135, 288
Akhund Musa of
Jelalabad, 135
]5azid Answari of Kaniguram, 287
Ilazrat Lut of Nangraha,
135 Ihdad of Tirah, 288 Mian 'Aliof
MehtarLam of Lagh'Ali Boghan, 135
man, 135; Raliimkai of Nanshera, 152
:
215
101
;
first
of the
sig-
ol',
INDEX.
Shakdu
to the, from
Kabul, 196 Biuldliists in, 215; crime in,
228 history of, 214 place of arms for
Barber, 216 Pathans in, 223 scenery of,
245 tribes now located in, 215 undei
;
13
:n,
104
Peyzu
ad-
287
Pirs, or
Powindah merchants, 79
of,
district,
Bannu
Pass,
Shams,
343
trade statistics,
86
of,
82-
Mian
R.
district, 48
Eaigal Valley, 164
R;ilway ext nsion to Kabul, 209
Religious adventurers, colonies of, 261
mischief caused by, 277
Rind, great Biloch division, 30 national
hero of, 30
Rcri, ancient name of, 44
Russian railway extension, 207 position
cm the Oxas, 207 occupation of Herat,
consequence of any, 208 effects on India
of an occupation of Kabul, 209
;
S.
T.
Safis, tribe
284
Sakhi Sarwar Pass, Dera Ghazi district, 49
shrine of, 49
legends of, 70
Sammanoghar Range, 165
Sangarh Pass, Dera Ghazi district, 49
Sarangzai Kakar Pathans, 60
Saraw^n, a division of Bilochistan, 18
Sassui and Panhu, story of, 35
Sayud Ahmad of Bareilly, 282, 289
Saytids, or primates of the church, 136
colonies of, 313
of Pariari, 262, 314
of Tilli, 314
Shahbaz, a Khattak Khan, 156
Shaikh, a lay brother, 138
Shaikh Haidar Pass, Dera Ismail district,
77
Shaikh Mali apportions the Yusafzai
country, 259
;
Takht-i-Sulaiman, 38
Talash Valley, 271
Talib-ul-ilm, wisdom seekers, 139
Tanaolis of Amb, 333 of Hazara, 334
Tanawal in Hazara, 313
Tangi, or waist, "a tight place," 104
Tank, town of, 76 ; pass in Dera Ismail
;
district, 77, 94
Tartara Mountain, value of position, 202
Tattah, saints of, 68
Thakot, town on the Indus, 317
Thai in the Kurram, 132
Tikari, valley of, 213, 321
Tirah, valleys of, 164
highlands of, 164 ;
road taken by Nadir through, 196
Tochi Pass, Bannu district, 119
Tribal levies, organization of, 182
Tmnandar, or Biloch tribal chief, 30
Turi, Pathans of the Kui'ram, 145
Turkolanis, present location of, 272
;
INDEX.
344
165; surprise
ilistrict,
167
TJrinan Pass from the Giimai, 94
Usmau Khels, original division of Pathruis,
217
Usteranas, Patlian tribe, 90
Utniun Klicl Pathans, on the Swat River,
the sons of Utman Baba, 278
267
of,
Y.
V.
Vahoa
AY.
Wahabis, 289
Warden
Marches, instituted by
of th
Akbar, 155
Waziri Patliuns, main divisions of, 105
Darwesh Khels, 100
Utmanzais
Balilolzais
ilahsuds, 107
Ahmadzais
Alizais
Shaman
Khels
Kabul Khels, 106
Lalais, 106
courtship,
Waziris, description of, 108
inveterate
238 criminal code of, 115
marriage ceremonies of,
robbers, 105
peculiar customs of, 109
238
;
Zamari Patlians, 91
Zangi Pass, Dera Ghazi
Zawaghar Range, 1G5
Zhob Yalley, 92
Usman
Am.azai, 259
Alazai, 259
Mandanr,
.stepson, clans
of,
259, 260
Utman
/ Rustam
\ Chargholai
Kamazai, 259
259
Saddazai (Khudukhels, 259)
Ak.izai,
Razai,
260
'
Madakhels
Salarzai
Gadaizai
Musa
Iliaszai,
262
Ashazai
Nasozai
Buneyrvvals
Makhozai
Yusaf
r
Mali, ^62
Daulatzai
Buneyrwals
Nurazai
(Chagarzai, 312
-|
Akozai, 263
\ Baizai,
niCIIARD CLAY
ASD
SONS, LIMITED,
district,
48
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