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Chem Kinetics v3
Chem Kinetics v3
II.
III.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
2.
2HI(g)
H = 9 kJ
Why do some collisions between iodine and hydrogen not result in the formation of the
product?
A.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Chemistry
3.
Curve X on the graph below shows the volume of oxygen formed during the catalytic
3
decomposition of a 1.0 mol dm solution of hydrogen peroxide.
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
Adding water
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
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4.
[Br2] / mol dm
[NO] / mol dm
3 1
Rate / mol dm s
0.10
0.10
1.0 10
0.20
0.10
4.0 10
0.20
0.40
4.0 10
A.
B.
C.
rate = k[Br2]
D.
rate = k[NO]
(Total 1 mark)
5.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Chemistry
6.
1
Consider the following graph of ln k against T (temperature in Kelvin) for the second order
decomposition of N2O into N2 and O.
N2O N2 + O
1
/ 10 3 1
T
K
(a)
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(b)
(c)
The rate expression for this reaction is rate = k [N2O] and the rate constant is
3
1 1
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7.
At 25 C, 200 cm of 1.0 mol dm nitric acid is added to 5.0 g of magnesium powder. If the
experiment is repeated using the same mass of magnesium powder, which conditions will result
in the same initial reaction rate?
Volume of HNO3 / cm
Concentration of
3
HNO3 / mol dm
Temperature / C
A.
200
2.0
25
B.
200
1.0
50
C.
100
2.0
25
D.
100
1.0
25
(Total 1 mark)
8.
Factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction include particle size, concentration of reactants
and the temperature of the reaction.
(i)
(ii)
List the three characteristic properties of reactant particles which affect the rate of
reaction as described by the collision theory.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
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9.
On the axes below sketch two Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution curves for the same
sample of gas, one at a temperature T and another at a higher temperature T . Label both axes.
Explain why raising the temperature increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
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(Total 5 marks)
10.
Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid react according to the equation below.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CO2(g) + 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Which conditions will produce the fastest initial rate with 2.0 g of powdered sodium carbonate?
3
A.
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
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11.
The rate information below was obtained for the following reaction at a constant temperature.
2NO2(g) + F2(g) 2NO2F(g)
[NO2] / mol dm
[F2] / mol dm
3 1
Rate / mol dm s
2.0 10
1.0 10
4.0 10
4.0 10
1.0 10
8.0 10
4.0 10
2.0 10
1.6 10
What are the orders of the reaction with respect to NO 2 and F2?
A.
B.
C.
D.
12.
fast
slow
fast
A.
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
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13.
N2(g) + 2H2O(g)
(i)
Explain precisely what the square brackets around nitrogen(II) oxide, [NO(g)], represent
in this context.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
14.
Under which conditions will the reaction between 1.0 g calcium carbonate and excess
hydrochloric acid be the fastest? Assume that all reactions are carried out at the same
temperature.
3
A.
B.
C.
D.
3
3
(Total 1 mark)
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15.
Powdered manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2(s), increases the rate of the decomposition reaction of
hydrogen peroxide, H2O2(aq). Which statements about MnO2 are correct?
I.
II.
MnO2 provides an alternative reaction pathway for the decomposition with a lower
activation energy.
III.
All the MnO2 is present after the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide is
complete.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
16.
The Haber process uses an iron catalyst to convert hydrogen gas, H 2(g), and nitrogen gas, N2(g),
to ammonia gas, NH3(g).
3H2(g) + N2(g)
2NH3(g)
The iron catalyst increases the rates of the forward and reverse reactions equally.
II.
The iron catalyst does not affect the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc.
III.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
10
17.
Alex and Hannah were asked to investigate the kinetics involved in the iodination of propanone.
They were given the following equation by their teacher.
H ( aq )
CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) CH2ICOCH3(aq) + HI(aq)
Alexs hypothesis was that the rate will be affected by changing the concentrations of the
propanone and the iodine, as the reaction can happen without a catalyst. Hannahs hypothesis
was that as the catalyst is involved in the reaction, the concentrations of the propanone, iodine
and the hydrogen ions will all affect the rate.
They carried out several experiments varying the concentration of one of the reactants or the
catalyst whilst keeping other concentrations and conditions the same. Their results are shown
graphically below.
(a)
(b)
Explain why the reaction rate will increase with increasing temperature.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
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11
(c)
(i)
This reaction uses a catalyst. Sketch and annotate the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy
distribution curve for a reaction with and without a catalyst on labelled axes below.
(3)
(ii)
18.
Which experimental procedure could be used to determine the rate of reaction for the reaction
between a solution of cobalt chloride, CoCl 2(aq), and concentrated hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)?
2+
A.
B.
C.
D.
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12
19.
Sodium thiosulfate solution, Na2S2O3(aq), and hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), react spontaneously
to produce solid sulfur, S(s), according to the equation below.
2
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
13
20.
Alex and Hannah were asked to investigate the kinetics involved in the iodination of propanone.
They were given the following equation by their teacher.
H ( aq)
CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) CH2ICOCH3(aq) + HI(aq)
Alexs hypothesis was that the rate will be affected by changing the concentrations of the
propanone and the iodine, as the reaction can happen without a catalyst. Hannahs hypothesis
was that as the catalyst is involved in the reaction, the concentrations of the propanone, iodine
and the hydrogen ions will all affect the rate.
They carried out several experiments varying the concentration of one of the reactants or the
catalyst while keeping other concentrations and conditions the same, and obtained the results
below.
(a)
Initial rate
3
3 1
5.00 10
3
mol dm I2 in KI
/ mol dm s
10.0
20.0
4.96 10
50.0
10.0
30.0
5.04 10
5.0
65.0
10.0
20.0
2.47 10
10.0
65.0
5.0
20.0
2.51 10
1.00 mol dm
CH3COCH3(aq)
Water
10.0
60.0
10.0
3
4
1.00 mol dm
+
H (aq)
(b)
(i)
Deduce the order of reaction for each substance and the rate expression from the
results.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
14
(ii)
(c)
Using the data from Experiment 1, determine the concentration of the substances used
and the rate constant for the reaction including its units.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(d)
(i)
This reaction uses a catalyst. Sketch and annotate the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy
distribution curve for a reaction with and without a catalyst on labelled axes below.
(3)
(ii)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
15
21.
(a)
(i)
2NH3(g)
Using the average bond enthalpy values in Table 10 of the Data Booklet, determine
the standard enthalpy change for this reaction.
(3)
(ii)
The standard entropy values, S, at 298 K for N2(g), H2(g) and NH3(g) are 193, 131
1
and 192 JK mol respectively. Calculate S for the reaction and with reference
O
to the equation above, explain the sign of S .
(4)
(iii)
(iv)
Describe and explain the effect of increasing temperature on the spontaneity of the
reaction.
(2)
(b)
The reaction used in the production of ammonia is an equilibrium reaction. Outline the
characteristics of a system at equilibrium.
(2)
(c)
Deduce the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, for the production of ammonia.
(1)
(d)
(i)
0.20 mol of N2(g) and 0.20 mol of H2(g) were allowed to reach equilibrium in a
3
0.060 mol dm . Determine the equilibrium concentrations of N2(g) and H2(g) and
calculate the value of Kc.
(3)
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16
(ii)
Predict and explain how increasing the temperature will affect the value of Kc.
(2)
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17
(e)
(f)
In practice, typical conditions used in the Haber process are a temperature of 500 C and
a pressure of 200 atmospheres. Outline why these conditions are used rather than those
that give the highest yield.
(2)
(g)
A catalyst of iron is used in the Haber process. State and explain how the catalyst affects
Kc and the position of equilibrium.
(3)
(Total 25 marks)
22.
mol
B.
mol dm
C.
mol dm s
D.
dm
3
3 1
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
18
23.
II.
Adding a catalyst
III.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
24.
The graph below shows how the volume of carbon dioxide formed varies with time when a
hydrochloric acid solution is added to excess calcium carbonate in a flask.
(i)
(ii)
Copy the above graph on your answer sheet and sketch the curve you would obtain if
double the volume of hydrochloric acid solution of half the concentration as in the
example above is used instead, with all other variables kept constant from the original.
Explain why the shape of the curve is different.
(4)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
19
(iii)
Outline one other way in which the rate of this reaction can be studied in a school
laboratory. Sketch a graph to illustrate how the selected variable would change with time.
(2)
(iv)
Define the term activation energy and state one reason why the reaction between calcium
carbonate and hydrochloric acid takes place at a reasonably fast rate at room temperature.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
25.
The following data were obtained for the reaction between gases A and B.
Experiment
1.0 10
1.0 10
2.0 10
2.0 10
1.0 10
2.0 10
2.0 10
2.0 10
4.0 10
A.
rate = k[B]
B.
rate = k[A]
C.
rate = k[A]
D.
rate = k[B]
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
20
26.
At T < 227 C the rate expression is rate = k[NO2] . Which of the following mechanisms is
consistent with this rate expression?
A.
NO2 + NO2
N2O4
N2O4 + 2CO 2NO + 2CO2
fast
slow
B.
NO2 + CO NO + CO2
slow
C.
NO2 NO + O
CO + O CO2
slow
fast
D.
slow
fast
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
21
27.
A piece of zinc was added to aqueous nitric acid and the volume of hydrogen gas produced was
measured every minute. The results are plotted on the graph below.
Which graph would you expect if the same mass of powdered zinc was added to nitric acid with
the same concentration?
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
22
28.
Increase of pressure
II.
Increase of temperature
III.
Removal of HCl(g)
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
29.
A.
[NO 2 ] 2
Kc = [N 2 O 4 ]
B.
[N 2 O 4 ]
Kc = [NO 2 ]
C.
[N 2 O 4 ]
Kc = 2[NO 2 ]
N2O4(g)
[N 2 O 4 ]
D.
2
Kc = [NO 2 ]
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
23
30.
The formation of nitric acid, HNO3(aq), from nitrogen dioxide, NO2(g), is exothermic and is a
reversible reaction.
4NO2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
4HNO3(aq)
B.
C.
D.
31.
The Haber process enables the large-scale production of ammonia needed to make fertilizers.
The equation for the Haber process is given below.
N2(g) + 3H2
2NH3(g)
(i)
Use the graph to deduce whether the forward reaction is exothermic or endothermic and
explain your choice.
(2)
(ii)
State and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the yield of ammonia.
(2)
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24
(iii)
32.
slow
fast
rate = k[P]
B.
rate = k[P][X]
C.
rate = k[P][Q]
D.
(Total 1 mark)
33.
B.
C.
D.
34.
(a)
There are four structural isomers with the molecular formula C 4H9Br. One of these
structural isomers exists as two optical isomers. Draw diagrams to represent the threedimensional structures of the two optical isomers.
(2)
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25
(b)
All the isomers can by hydrolysed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. When the
reaction of one of these isomers, X, was investigated the following kinetic data were
obtained.
Experiment
(i)
Initial [X] /
3
mol dm
Initial [OH ] /
3
mol dm
2.0 10
2.0 10
4.0 10
2.0 10
4.0 10
4.0 10
4.0 10
4.0 10
8.0 10
(ii)
Determine the value of the rate constant for the reaction and state its units.
(2)
(iii)
(iv)
State equations for the steps that take place in the mechanism of this reaction and
state which of the steps is slow and which is fast.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
35.
B.
C.
D.
IB Questionbank Chemistry
26
IB Questionbank Chemistry
27
36.
II.
III.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
37.
Equal masses of powdered calcium carbonate were added to separate solutions of hydrochloric
acid. The calcium carbonate was in excess. The volume of carbon dioxide produced was
measured at regular intervals. Which curves best represent the evolution of carbon dioxide
against time for the acid solutions shown in the table below.
25 cm of 2 mol dm HCl
50 cm of 1 mol dm HCl
25 cm of 1 mol dm HCl
A.
III
IV
B.
IV
III
C.
II
III
D.
II
III
(Total 1 mark)
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28
38.
slow
fast
X2 + 2Y 2XY
B.
X2 + Y XY + X
C.
X2 2X
D.
X + Y XY
(Total 1 mark)
39.
slow
fast
rate = k[XY]
B.
rate = k[X2][Y]
C.
rate = k[X2]
D.
rate = k[2X]
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
29
40.
B.
C.
D.
41.
(a)
(b)
State two conditions necessary for a reaction to take place between two reactant particles.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
30
(c)
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
42.
+ 2
B.
Doubling the concentration of all of the reactants at the same time would increase the rate
of the reaction by a factor of 16.
C.
D.
A change in concentration of Br or BrO3 does not affect the rate of the reaction.
3 1
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
31
43.
B.
The rate constant increases with increased temperature but eventually reaches a constant
value.
C.
D.
44.
Step 1
H2O2 + I H2O + IO
Step 2
H2O2 + IO H2O + O2 + I
slow
fast
Which statement correctly identifies the rate-determining step and the explanation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
45.
(i)
(ii)
State an equation for the reaction of magnesium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(1)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
32
(iii)
The rate of this reaction in (ii), can be studied by measuring the volume of gas collected
over a period of time. Sketch a graph which shows how the volume of gas collected
changes with time.
(1)
(iv)
The experiment is repeated using a sample of hydrochloric acid with double the volume,
but half the concentration of the original acid. Draw a second line on the graph you
sketched in part (iii) to show the results in this experiment. Explain why this line is
different from the original line.
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
46.
Nitrogen monoxide reacts at 1280 C with hydrogen to form nitrogen and water.
All reactants and products are in the gaseous phase.
(i)
The kinetics of the reaction were studied at this temperature. The table shows the initial
rate of reaction for different concentrations of each reactant.
[H2(g)]/
experiment
[NO(g)]/
3
3
mol dm 10
5.00
2.00
1.25
10.00
2.00
5.00
10.00
4.00
10.00
mol dm 10
Initial rate/
3 1
5
mol dm s 10
Deduce the order of the reaction with respect to NO and H 2, and explain your reasoning.
(4)
(ii)
(iii)
Determine the value of the rate constant for the reaction from Experiment 3 and state its
units.
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
33
47.
(i)
(ii)
48.
The conversion of CH3NC into CH3CN is an exothermic reaction which can be represented as
follows.
CH3NC
transition state
CH3CN
This reaction was carried out at different temperatures and a value of the rate constant, k, was
obtained for each temperature. A graph of ln k against 1/T is shown below.
IB Questionbank Chemistry
34
(i)
(ii)
Construct the enthalpy level diagram and label the activation energy, Ea, the enthalpy
change, H, and the position of the transition state.
(3)
(iii)
Describe qualitatively the relationship between the rate constant, k, and the temperature,
T.
(1)
(iv)
Calculate the activation energy, Ea, for the reaction, using Table 1 of the Data Booklet.
(4)
(Total 9 marks)
49.
Hydrochloric acid is reacted with large pieces of calcium carbonate, the reaction is then
repeated using calcium carbonate powder. How does this change affect the activation energy
and the collision frequency?
Activation energy
Collision frequency
A.
increases
increases
B.
stays constant
increases
C.
increases
stays constant
D.
stays constant
stays constant
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
35
50.
Which statement is true about using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in the following reaction?
H ( aq )
CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) CH3COCH2I(aq) + HI(aq)
I.
II.
III.
The catalyst has been consumed at the end of the chemical reaction.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
51.
Graphing is an important method in the study of the rates of chemical reaction. Sketch a graph
to show how the reactant concentration changes with time in a typical chemical reaction taking
place in solution. Show how the rate of the reaction at a particular time can be determined.
(Total 4 marks)
52.
(a)
The experiment is repeated with some changes to the reaction conditions. For each of the
changes that follow, predict, stating a reason, its effect on the rate of reaction.
(i)
(ii)
The solution of NaI is prepared from a fine powder instead of large crystals.
(2)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
36
(b)
Explain why the rate of a reaction increases when the temperature of the system
increases.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
53.
fast
slow
A.
B.
C.
D.
2
(Total 1 mark)
54.
The activation energy of a reaction may be determined by studying the effect of a particular
variable on the reaction rate. Which variable must be changed?
A.
pH
B.
Concentration
C.
Surface area
D.
Temperature
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
37
55.
2NOCl(g)
It was found that the forward reaction is first order with respect to Cl 2 and second order with
respect to NO. The reverse reaction is second order with respect to NOCl.
(i)
(ii)
Predict the effect on the rate of the forward reaction and on the rate constant if the
concentration of NO is halved.
(2)
(iii)
1.0 mol of Cl2 and 1.0 mol of NO are mixed in a closed container at constant temperature.
Sketch a graph to show how the concentration of NO and NOCl change with time until
after equilibrium has been reached. Identify the point on the graph where equilibrium is
established.
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
56.
NO2 + CO NO + CO2
slow
Below 775 K:
2NO2 NO + NO3
NO3 + CO NO2 + CO2
slow
fast
Based on the mechanisms, deduce the rate expressions above and below 775 K.
(Total 2 marks)
57.
State two situations when the rate of a chemical reaction is equal to the rate constant.
(Total 2 marks)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
38
1
q 58. Consider the following graph of ln k against T for the first order decomposition of N2O4 into
NO2. Determine the activation energy in kJ mol
(Total 2 marks)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
39
59.
Excess magnesium, was added to a beaker of aqueous hydrochloric acid. A graph of the mass of
the beaker and contents was plotted against time (line 1).
M ass
1
2
T im e
B.
C.
A lower temperature
D.
60.
Which quantities in the enthalpy level diagram are altered by the use of a catalyst?
E n th a lp y
II
III
T im e
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
40
61.
What is the order of reaction with respect to NO2(g) and F2(g) given the following rate data at a
certain temperature?
[NO2(g)] / mol dm
[F2(g)] / mol dm
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.2
A.
first
first
B.
first
second
C.
second
first
D.
second
second
(Total 1 mark)
62.
Initial [NO] /
3
mol dm
Initial [H2] /
0.100
0.100
2.5310
0.100
0.200
5.0510
0.200
0.100
1.0110
0.300
0.100
2.2810
IB Questionbank Chemistry
mol dm
Initial rate /
3 1
mol (N2) dm s
41
(a)
Determine the order of reaction with respect to H2 and with respect to NO.
H2 ................................................................................................................................
NO ..............................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
(c)
Calculate the value for the rate constant, and state its units using the data from
experiment 1.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
42
(d)
fast step
slow step
fast step
State and explain whether this mechanism agrees with the experimental rate expression in
(b).
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(e)
Explain why a single step mechanism is unlikely for a reaction of this kind.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(f)
Deduce and explain how the initial rate of formation of H 2O compares with that of N2.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 13 marks)
IB Questionbank Chemistry
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IB Questionbank Chemistry
44