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TISSUES OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:

— Composed largely of
connective tissue
— Bone
— Cartilage
— Fibrous Connective
tissue

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— Bone matrix are embedded

with mineral salts ( calcium
and phosphate) together
with protein
— Compact Bone
— Cells: osteocytes
— Spaces: lacunae
— Canals : canaliculi
— Spongy Bone
— Thin plates (trabecullae)

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STRUCTURE OF TYPICAL BONE:

— Epiphysis
— Spongy Bone
— Hyaline Cartilage
(Articular Cartilage)
— Red bone Marrow
— Diaphysis
— Medullary cavity (compact
bone) is line with thin
vascular membrane called
Endosteum
— Yellow Bone Marrow

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BONE GROWTH AND REPAIR

— Cells involved in repair:
— Osteoprogenitor-
unspecialized cell in the
inner portion of periosteum
and endosteum
— Osteoblast – bone forming
cells. Resposible for secreting
the matrix characteristics of
bones
— Osteoclast – matured bone
cells
— Osteocytes- bone resorption.
Breakdown bone and deposit
calcium and phosphate in
blood

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BONE GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT
OSSIFICATION
— Intramembranous ossification – develop betwen
sheets of fibrous connective tissue. ( skull)
— Endochondral ossification – Hyaline cartilage
model (fetal development) is replace by bone

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BONE REPAIR
— FRACTURE
— Complete
— Simple
— REPAIR
— Hematoma
— Fibrocatilaginous
Callus
— Bony callus
— Remodelling

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Skeletal systems:
— HYDROSTATIC
SKELETON
— Invertebrates use body
fluid as internal body
skeleton
— RIGID SKELETON
— Provide rigid elements
to which muscles can
attach
— Exoskeleton
— Endoskeleton

BODY SKELETON
— Function
— Skeleton supports the
body
— Skeleton protect soft
body parts
— Skeleton produces
blood cells
— Skeleton store minerals
and fats
— Skeleton along with
muscle, permits flexible
body movement

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CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
— According to shape: — Divisions:
— Long Bones — Axial skeleton
— Short Bones — Appendicular skeleton
— Flat Bones
— Round Bones
— Irregular Bones

AXIAL SKELETON
— Lines the midline of the SKULL
body — Formed by the cranium
— Consist of: (braincase) and facial
— Skull bones.
— Hyoid bone
— Vertebral column
— Rib cage

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VERTEBRAL COLUMN
— 33 vertebrae
— 4 curvatures
— Cervical

— Thoracic

— Lumbar

— Pelvic

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