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Pediatric Clerkship Module
Pediatric Clerkship Module
Module Team
Chairman Curriculum Committee
Module Planner
Module Coordinator
members
Zulfiqar,
Introduction/ Pediatrics is the discipline concerned with all aspects of the well being of
Rationale
infants and children including their health, their physical, mental and
psychological growth and development and their opportunity to achieve
full potential as adults. The young are also among the most vulnerable and
their needs require special attention.
The pediatric clerkship is designed to provide the final year student with an
opportunity to apply their knowledge of the common pediatric domains
including preventive pediatrics, common neonatal problems, infectious
diseases and other common systemic illnesses.
The aim of this clerkship is to train the final year students in neonatal and
pediatric history taking and physical examination. They are expected to
diagnose, investigate and treat common pediatric illnesses and
appropriately refer patients for specialized care when necessary. They also
need to focus on special needs of sick patients like fluid requirements and
calculation of drug doses.
Learning
Outcomes
KNOWLEDGE
SKILLS
ATTITUDE
A1 reaction
A2 response
A3 internalization
History taking,
investigations
treatment,
complications and
follow-up
C1- Remember C2
Understand C3- Apply
C4- Analyse C5Evaluate C6Create
P1 Observation
P2 Perform under direct
supervision
P3 Perform under indirect
supervision
P4 Perform
independent
Growth and
development
Anthropometric
measurements P4
Use of growth charts P4
Preventive
pediatrics
Neonatology
Medical Genetics
and
Congenital
Malformations
Fever
Rash
Chicken pox C4
Measles C4
Scarlet fever C4
Meningococcemia C4
Counseling
Cough
Diarrhoea
Jaundice
Seizures
Pneumonia C4
WHO ARI protocol C4
Pulmonary tuberculosis C4
Bronchiolitis C4
Bronchial
Asthma
Acute diarrhea
C4 C4
Murmur
Oedema
Pallor/anemia
Counseling
Counseling
seizures C4
Examination of central
nervous system P4
History and examination of
patient with cerebral palsy
P4
Examination of a patient
with aneamia
P4
Bruising/petechiae Hemophilia C4
Henoch-Schonleinpurpura C2
Leukemia C3
Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenicpurpura C4
Endocrine disorders Hypothyroidism C4
Counseling of
patient with
bronchial asthma
A2
Counseling a
patient of
thalassemia A2
TABLE OF SPECIFICATION
CORE CLINICAL
PROBLEM
KNOWLEDGE
PSYCOMOTOR SKILLS
ATTITUDE
%age
Growth and
development
Preventive pediatrics
Genetics and
dysmorphology
fever
10
Rash
Cough
Diarrhoea
Jaundice
Seizure
Mental retardation
Murmur
Anemia
Oedema
Bruising/ petechiea
Neonatology
7
3
7
5
5
Endocrine disorder
5
3
Total
55
39
100
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Interactive tutorial
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
Skills
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Structured
Long case
Perform a developmental
assessment of a child at a given
age
perform anthropometric
measurement and plot height,
weight and head circumference
on age appropriate charts.
Clinical method
OSCE
Clinical methods/
skill lab
OSCE
PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
MCQ
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Obtain a history in a
malnourished child at a given age
Case discussion
Structured
long case
Clinical
examination
OSCE
Skills
NEONATOLOGY
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case discussion
Structured
long case
Clinical
examination
Skill lab
OSCE
Skills
Demonstrate history taking of a
neonate
Perform a complete clinical
examination of a neonate
Demonstrate steps of neonatal
resuscitation on a dummy
OSCE
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Clinical examination
OSCE
Skills
Learning Objectives
Perform physical examination of a
child with Downs Syndrome
Attitude
Learning Objectives
Counsel the parents of a child with
Down s Syndrome
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Role play
OSCE
FEVER
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Discuss the differential diagnosis of
patient with fever ( urinary tract
infection, Enteric fever, Malaria,
meningitis, Rheumatic fever,
Tuberculosis)
Interpret the results of investigation
of a patient with fever
Devise the management plan of a
patient with fever depending upon
underlying cause
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Clinical methods
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Role play
OSCE
Skills
Learning Objectives
Take a comprehensive history of
patient with fever
Perform a detail clinical
examination of a patient with fever
Attitude
Learning Objectives
Counsel the parents of a child with
fever
10
RASH
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
Skills
Learning Objectives
Take a detail history of a patient with
rash
Perform a clinical examination of a
patient with rash
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Clinical examination
OSCE
11
COUGH
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
CBD
MCQ
Skills
Learning Objectives
Take a comprehensive history of a
pediatrics patient with cough
Perform a respiratory system
examination of a patient with cough
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Clinical examination
OSCE
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Attitude
Learning Objectives
Counsel/ educate a patient with
Bronchial Asthma
Role play
OSCE
12
DIARRHEA
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
MCQ
Case presentation
MCQ
Case presentation
MCQ
Case presentation
MCQ
Case presentation
MCQ
Skills
Learning Objectives
Take a detail history of a pediatric
patient with acute/ chronic diarrhoea
Examine a patient for signs of
dehydration
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Clinical examination
OSCE
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Role play
OSCE
Attitude
Learning Objectives
Counsel the parents of a child with
acute diarrhoea
13
JAUNDICE
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Discuss the differential diagnosis of
jaundice depending upon their acute
liver disease children
Discuss the differential diagnosis of
jaundice depending upon their chronic
liver disease in children
Interpret the result of investigation of a
patient with jaundice
Out line the treatment plan of a patient
with jaundice depending upon their
underlying cause
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
CBD/ward round
MCQ
CBD/ward round
MCQ
CBD/ward round
MCQ
CBD/ward round
MCQ
Skills
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Clinical examination
OSCE
Attitude
Learning Objectives
Counsel the parents of a jaundiced
child
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Role play
OSCE
14
SEIZURES
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
CBD/case presentation
MCQ
CBD/case presentation
MCQ
CBD/case presentation
MCQ
Skills
Learning Objectives
Take a history of a patient with
seizures disorder
Perform central nervous system
examination of patient with
seizures disorder
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Clinical examination
OSCE
15
MENTAL RETARDATION
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Describe etiology
,pathophysiology, and clinical
features of patient with cerebral
palsy
Formulate the treatment plan of
cerebral palsy
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
MCQ
MCQ
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Skills
Learning Objectives
Take a detail history of patient with
cerebral palsy
Perform clinical examination of
patient with cerebral palsy
Case discussion
Clinical examination
OSCE
16
MURMURS
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
Skills
Learning Objectives
Take a detail history of a patient
having heart disease
Perform a clinical examination
(cardio vascular system
examination) of a patient having
murmur.
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case discussion
Clinical examination
OSCE
17
ANEMIA/PALLOR
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
Skills
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case discussion
Structured Long
case
Clinical
examination
OSCE
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Role play
OSCE
Attitude
Learning Objectives
Counsel a patient of thalassemia
18
BRUISING/PETECHIEA
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Structured Long
case
clinical
examination
OSCE
19
OEDEMA
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
CBD/ward rounds
MCQ
CBD/ward rounds
MCQ
CBD/ward rounds
MCQ
CBD/ward rounds
MCQ
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case discussion
Structured Long
case
Clinical
examination
OSCE
Skills
Learning Objectives
Take an appropriate history in a
patient with oedema
Perform an appropriate clinical
examination of a child with oedema
20
ENDOCRINE PROBLEMS
Knowledge
Learning Objectives
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
Instructional strategy
Assessment Tool
Case presentation
Clinical methods
OSCE
Skills
Learning Objectives
21
9:30-10:30
11-1:00
Clinical
methods
Walk round
CBD/TBL/CP
Role play
Clinical Method
Walk round
CBD/TBL/CP
Wednesday
Clinical
methods
Walk round
CBD/TBL/CP
Interactive tutorial/OM
PX3
Role play
Thursday
Clinical
methods
Walk round
OMP X 3
(OPD)
CBD/TBL/C
P
Friday
Clinical
methods
Walk round
CBD/TBL/CP
-------
Saturday
Clinical
methods
Walk round
CBD/TBL/CP
OMP X
3(ER)
Day
Monday
Tuesday
1-2
22
Week 1
Monday
growth &
development
Week 2
Diarrhea
Week 3
Rash
Tuesday
Preventive
pediatrics
Wednesday
Neonatology
Thursday
Fever
Friday
Genetics
Saturday
Cough
Bruising/
petechiea
Seizures
Mental
retardation
Jaundice
Murmurs
Anemia
Oedema
Endocrine
disorders
assessment
23
CHECK LISTS
MALNUTRITION
Take consent
Perform anthropometric measurements
Examine for macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies
Examine for signs of dehydration
EXAMINATION OF NEWBORN
Take consent
Wash hands
Examine for color, cry, activity and vital signs
Examine for congenital anamolies
Perform neonatal reflexes
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION
Prepare to receive the baby
Check instruments
Perform steps of neonatal resuscitation
Document the procedure and babys condition
ANTHROPOMETRY
Take consent
Takeheight, weight and OFC accurately
Plot the data on age appropriate charts
Interpret the findings
GIT
Take consent
Inspect abdomen
Palpate for tenderness and masses
Palpate and percuss the liver
Palpate and percuss the spleen
Palpate kidneys
Perform shifting dullness and fluid thrill
Examine hernia orifices
Examine back
24
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Take consent
Listen for abnormal sounds (stridor, wheeze)
Examine for cyanosis, chest deformities, chest indrawings
Percuss chest anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally
Auscultate chest anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally
Perform vocal resonance
CVS
Take consent
Examine for central and peripheral cyanosis, clubbing,oral hygiene, JVP, oedema.
Examine pulses
Check blood pressure with appropriate sized cuff
Examine shape of precordium and pulsation
Palpate for pulsations and thrills
Auscultate precordium for heart sounds and murmurs
Examine liver and spleen
Examine for signs of infective endocarditis
CNS
Take consent
Check GCS accurately in infants and older children
Examine higher mental functions
Examine cranial nerves
Examine gait
Examine the motor system
Examine the sensory system
Examine for cerebellar signs
BRUISES/PETECHIEA
Take consent
Examine for pallor, bruises, petechiea on skin
Examine oral cavity for petechiea
Examine all lymph nodes
Examine liver and spleen
Examine joints for swelling and tenderness
25
PALLOR/ANEMIA
Take consent
Examine nails and conjunctiva for pallor and anemia
Examine lymph nodes
Examine liver and spleen
Examine for bruises and petechiae
Examine for other micronutrient deficiency.
SIGNS OF DEHYDRATION
Take consent
Look for conscious level
Look for sunken eyes
Look for tears in eyes
Feel for skin turgor
Palpate peripheral pulses
RASH
Take consent
Inspect for general condition
Evaluate GCS
Examine for SOMI
Check vital signs
Examine conjunctiva
Examine for stomatitis
Examine the skin for rash (palpate and look for blanching)
Examine lymph nodes
Auscultate chest
Examine for signs of dehydration
DOWNS SYNDROME
Take consent
Inspect general condition
Examine for dysmorphic features of Downs syndrome
Take anthropometric measurements
Examine for hypotonia
Examine heart for murmurs
Examine abdomen for distension
Examine anal opening
26
OEDEMA
Take consent
Take vital signs (pulse, B.P. R/R, temperature)
Examine for extent of oedema (ankles, ascites, pleural effusion, facial puffiness)
Examine for signs of heart failure
Examine for jaundice and bleeding
Examine liver, spleen and kidneys
FEVER
Take consent
Take vitals
Examine for rash
Examine ear and throat, conjunctivitis and stomatitis.
Examine for koplick spots
Examine lymph nodes
Examine for hepatosplenomegaly
Examine joints
JAUNDICE
Take consent
Examine general condition
Examine conscious level
Look for jaundice, pallor. Clubbing, asterixis palmar erythema, spider neavi, oedema
Examine abdomen for prominent veins/ caput medusae
Examine for hepatosplenomegaly
Examine for ascites
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Take consent
Examine for dysmorphic features
Examine neck for goiter
Examine the skin for dryness and temperature
Examine for hypotonia
Examine for poor suck
Examine knee jerk
Take anthropometric measurements
27
CHECK LISTS
BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Introduction/ putting patient at ease
Demonstrate Active listening
Avoid technical language
Invite open ended questions
Demonstrate empathy
History (symptoms of cough and breathlessness, family history of asthma, atopy)
Ask about risk factors
Explain about various options for treatment
Explain use of metered dose inhalers
Emphasize on practicing preventive measures
Summarize
THALASSEMIA
Introduction/ putting patient at ease
Demonstrate Active listening
Avoid technical language
Invite open ended questions
Demonstrate empathy
Discuss History and examination findings
Discuss relevance of investigations
Discuss treatment options and prognosis
Genetic counseling
Screening of siblings/ other family members
Prenatal diagnosis
Summarize
DOWNS SYNDROME
Introduction/ putting patient at ease
Demonstrate Active listening
Avoid technical language
Invite open ended questions
Demonstrate empathy
Explain the cause of Downs syndrome and correlation of maternal age
Discuss the results of investigations
Explain about
28
DIARRHOEA
Introduction/ putting patient at ease
Demonstrate Active listening
Avoid technical language
Invite open ended questions
Demonstrate empathy
History (duration, frequency, characteristics of stool, vomiting, fever,state of dehydration)
Discuss investigations required
Discuss treatment plan
JAUNDICE
Introduction/ putting patient at ease
Demonstrate Active listening
Avoid technical language
Invite open ended questions
Demonstrate empathy
History
Discuss investigations required
Discuss treatment plan
29
REFERENCE BOOKS
Illustrated textbook of Pediatrics by Tom Lissauer and Graham Clayden
Basis of Pediatrics by Pervaiz Akbar 7th Edition
Text Book of Pediatrics , PPA, 3rd Edition
30