Akanes

Systematic
nomenclature
(IUPAC) of:

Rule 1.
Determine the
number of
carbons in the
longest chain
alkane backbone
call . Note in the
figures that is
not always the
horizontal chain .
Rule 2. The
substituents are
named -ane
changing alkane
which derive
from -yl ( methyl,
ethyl, propyl,
butyl ) . In the
name of the
alkane , the
substituents
precede the
name of the
main chain and
are accompanied
by a locator that
indicates their
position in the
backbone. The
numbering of the
main chain is
performed so
that the
substituent is
assigned the
lowest possible
locator .
Rule 3. If you
have multiple
substituents are
sorted
alphabetically
preceded by the
locators. The
numbering of the
main chain is
done so that the
substituents
taken together
lower locators .
Rule 4. If the
number
backbone at both
ends, we are at

Alkenes

Alkynes

Aromatic

Rule 1. alkenes
son hydrocarbons
corresponding to
the formula CnH2n
. They are named
using the same
prefix as para
alkanes
(metformin, et- ,
PROPERTY , but
-.... ) but changing
the suffix ane -ene
.

Rule 1. alkynes
have the formula
CnH2n -2 and are
named by
replacing the
suffix ane alca not with the
same number of
carbons per ino .

Rule 1. In monosubstituted
benzenes, it was first named
radical and ends in the word
benzene.

Rule 2 is taken as
the longest main
chain containing
the double bond.
In case of more
double bonds is
taken as the main
chain containing
the largest
number of double
bonds ( although
not the longest )
Rule 3. The
numbering starts
at the end of the
chain which gives
the lowest
possible double
bond locator . The
double bonds
override the
substituents
Rule 4. The
alkenes may exist
as spatial isomers
which differ with
the cis / trans
notation.

Rule 2 backbone
is chosen as the
longest
containing triple
bond . The
numbering must
give children
pagers to the
triple bond .
Rule 3. When
the molecule has
more than one
triple bond is
taken as main
chain containing
the highest
number of triple
bonds and is
numbered from
the closest one
of the many links
end , finishing
the name in
-diino , triino ,
etc.
Rule 4. If the
hydrocarbon
containing
double and triple
bonds, proceed
as follows:
1. It takes as
main chain which
contains the
largest number
of multiple bonds
, regardless of
whether they are
double or triple .
2. Numbered
links to together
take the lowest
locators . If there

Rule 2. disubstituted
benzenes radical position
indicated by prefixes ortho( o- ) , meta ( m-) and para
(p- ) . Locators 1,2-, 1,3- and
1,4 can also be used .
Rule 3. benzenes with more
than two substituents , the
ring substituents taken so
that lower numbered pagers
. If several numbering
locators give them
preference is given to
alphabetical order.
Rule 4. There are numerous
benzene derivatives with
common names Good to
know

the same
distance to the
first
substituents ,
you look at the
other
substituents and
numbered to
take children
locators.

is a double bond
and a triple at
the same
distance from
the ends it is
preferably twice .
3. If the
compound has a
double bond and
a triple name
ends in ene yne; if you have
two doubles and
a triple , diene ino ; with two
triples and a
double
termination is ,
ene - diyne

Rule 5. If the
number in both
directions the
same locators
are obtained ,
the lowest to the
substituent that
comes first in
alphabetical
order locator is
assigned.
Rule 6. If two or
more chains are
of equal length ,
taken as
principal has the
greatest number
of substituents .
Rule 7. There
are some
common
substituents
accepted by the
IUPAC names ,
although the use
of systematic
nomenclature
recommended.

5 Examples
of formulas
and names
of:
5 Main
formulas and
common
names of:

Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10
Pentane C5H12

Hexene C5H12
Hepetene C7H14
Octene C8H16
Nonene C9H18
Decene C10H20

Ethyne C2H2
Propyne C3H4
Butyne C4H6
Pentyne C5H8
Hexyne C6H10

Aniline C6H5-NH2
Benzoic acid C6H5-COOH
Bromobenzene C6H5-Br
Phenol C6H5-OH
Toluene C6H5-CH3