Name:

ID #:

Miranda Weipert
1327640

Quiz Section:
Lab Partner:

Chem 152 Experiment #3: Calorimetry

By signing below, you certify that you have not falsified data, that you have not plagiarized any part of this lab report, an
calculations and responses other than the reporting of raw data are your own independent work. Failure to sign this dec
result in 5 points being deducted from your report score.
Signature:

Total Points = 60 pts (5 notebook, 55 template)

PURPOSE AND METHOD

Our goals are to:

i) Determine the heat capacity of the calorimeter
ii) Measure the heat of fusion of ice
iii) Measure the heat of neautralization
iv) Determine the enthalpy of hydration magnesium sulfate.
Explain how each of these is accomplished in this experiment. Where appropriate, include equations you will use to pro

i) The heat capacity of the calorimeter is determined by measuring the temperatutre change when a known amount of heat is
We can use the equation: ()=(/) (/) () to find the heat energy. Since the heat generate
by the calorimeter, we can find the heat capacity of the calorimeter through the equation:

= ( )/((

ii) The 80 ml of water in the calorimeter cools off as the ice melts in the calorimeter and once all the ice has melted, the cold w

the calorimeter, which causes even more cooling. To find the heat fusion you have to find the heat energy of the two actions t
calorimeter, which is the heat needed to melt the ice plus the heat needed to warm the water that was ice. You can find the h
( ) Then you need to find the heat gained by the ice/water which you can do by the equation:
=()( )+( )((. )/( ))((.(
)
Then, by setting -q = q you can find by solving
fusion.

iii) Using the net ionice equations for the neutralization reactions between NaOH and HCL or CH3COOH:
+()+()()

()+()

()+()
and the equation = you can calculate the magnitude of the heat released (T initial is the average temperature of
iv) To meausure the enthalpy of hydration of MgSO4 you use the equation: ()+() ()
But since you can not directly determind the enthaply of the reaction you have to use Hess's Law :
() +()+
()

()+()+ +
()++
()

DATA AND CALCULATIONS

A: Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter

Run 1

Run 2

Voltage, V (J/C)

4.9

4.9

Current, A (C/s)

2.42

2.44

Time (s)

151

150

Initial temperature, oC

22.4

22.6

Final temperature, oC

26.6

26.7

1791

1793

*Eletrical power input into calorimeter (q), J

*Calorimeter Constant, Ccal, J/oC

426
*Type an example of the calculations you are performing for q and Ccal. (3 pts)
Run 1:

437
Average, C

()= (/) (/) ()

=4.9 (/) 2.42 (/) 151 () q= 1790.56J

Standard Dev

Help with Formulas in

= /(( ))

= 1790.56/((26.6 22.4) )

In Excel type "=averag

instead of entering a ra
of the values and drag

Ccal = 426.323

For standard deviation,

"=stdev(range of value

B: Heat of Fusion of Ice

Run 1
Ccal(Average), J/ C
o

Mass of calorimeter, stir bar and water, g

Mass of calorimeter, stir bar, and water +
mass of added ice (or melted ice), g

Run 2
428
193

202

*Type examples of the calculati

428 (a) q cal
(2 pt
(b) q for heating the water that w
193 (c) Hfusion (melting the ice)

196

(a) =(/())(
=428(J/(C))X (18

(b) =()(4.184/())(
=(12.04)(4.184 /()

(c) =
428/ 4.20=12.0

(b) q for heating the water that w

(c) Hfusion (melting the ice)

(a) =(/())(
=428(J/(C))X (18

(b) =()(4.184/())(
=(12.04)(4.184 /()

Mass of ice, g

12.0

3.19

Temperature of calorimeter before ice

addition, oC

22.2

23.0 (c) =
428/ 4.20=12.0

Temperature of ice before addition to the

calorimeter, oC

-0.300

-0.300

18.0

19.0

-4.20

-4.00

1,798

1,712

18.3

19.3

4.184

4.184

Temp. of the calorimeter after addition

and melting of the ice, oC
Tcal

* (a) Heat lost by calorimeter (q cal in J)

water from ice
Specific heat of water, J/g.oC

Heat gained by ice cube to warm water

* (b) from ice temperature (q in J)

*(c) Heat of fusion of ice, H fusion in J/g

922
73.2
Average H
Standard Dev

258
456
265 J/g
271 J/g

C: Heat of Neutralization of HCl and NaOH

NaOH Concentration
HCl Concentration

0.500 M
0.500 M
Run 1

Ccal(Average), J/oC
Tinitial (HCl), C
Tinitial (NaOH), C
Tinitial (average), C
Tfinal , C

Volume Used
Volume Used
Run 2

428
20.6
20.0
20.3
23.9
3.60
0.0200

428
20.7
20.4
20.55
24.0
3.45
0.0200

(a) moles of H2O produced by

(b) the magnitude of the heat
(c) Hneutralization

1,541
77.4
Average H neutralization, kJ/mol

1,477
73.9
75.7
2.47

Since the ration of moles in th

so there will be 0.0200 moles

T, C
* (a) Moles H2O formed in reaction

* (b) q (J) (magnitude of heat gained/lost )

* (c) H neutralization (kJ/mol)

*Type examples of the calcula

Standard Dev

D: Heat of Neutralization of Acetic Acid and NaOH

NaOH Concentration
Volume Used

0.500 M
40.0 mL

(a) +()+()2(
= (/)
=0.500 0.04
=0.500 0.

(b) =
=428 / (23.92

(c) =( ()

=1540.8 (

(c) =( ()

=1540.8 (

Acetic acid Concentration

Volume Used

0.500 M
40.0 mL
Run 1

Ccal(Average), J/ C
Tinitial (acetic acid), C
Tinitial (NaOH), C
Tinitial (average), C
Tfinal , C
o

428
22.6
20.0
21.3
23.6
2.30
0.0200

428
20.7
20.0
20.4
23.6
3.20
0.0200

984
49.2
Average, H neutralization, kJ/mol

1370
68.5
58.8
13.6

T, C
Moles H2O formed in reaction
q (J) (magnitude of heat gained/lost )
H neutralization (kJ/mol)

Run 2

Standard Dev

E: Enthalpy of Hydration of Magnesium Sulfate

Run 1
Ccal(Average), J/ C
Mass MgSO4 added, g
* (a) Moles of MgSO4
Tinitial, C
Tfinal , C
o

Run 2

428
4.252
0.0353
23.7
23.3
-0.400

428
4.322
0.0359
23.5
23.1
-0.400

171
4.85
Average, H solution, kJ/mol

171
4.77
4.81
0.0566

T, C

* (b) q (J) (magnitude of heat gained/lost )

* (c) H solution (kJ/mol)

Standard Dev
Run 1

Run 2

*Type examples of the calcu

(a) moles of solid

(2 pts)
(b) the magnitude of q
(c) H solution
(2 pts)
(d) overall H.
(2
(a) =( ())/(
moles= 0.0353

(b) =
=428 (/) (0.4)

(c) =(() 1/1

=171.2 ( 1

(d)

()+(
=
1=4.81 /

(b) =
=428 (/) (0.4)

(c) =(() 1/1

=171.2 ( 1

Ccal(Average), J/oC
Mass MgSO47 H2O added, g
Moles MgSO47H2O
Tinitial, C
Tfinal , C

428
10.2
0.0419
23.5
23.4
-0.100

428
10.3
0.0423
49.0
48.7
-0.300

42.8
1.02
Average, H solution, kJ/mol

128
3.04
2.03
1.43

T, C
q (J) (magnitude of heat gained/lost )
H solution (kJ/mol)

Standard Dev

* (d)

Enthalpy of Hydration

(d)

()+(
=
1=4.81 /
2=2.03 /
=4.81 2.03=.

2.78 kJ/mol *Type the calculations

the new Ccal. (3 pts)

C water: 4.184(/(

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

C cup: Ccal - Cwater

428(/()) - 4
1. If Ccal =Ccup + Cwater, calculate Ccup and Cwater for this experiment
Hint: Use heat capacity of water

2. What would Ccal have been if you had used

*Cwater

4.18 J/oC

*Ccup

424 J/oC
*

209 J/oC

50 mL (or 50 g) of water instead?

C Cal: =( (
Since we are using 50
substitute 50 grams in

and solve for tempera

=.
.
so,

3. The literature value for the enthalpy of fusion of water is 334 J/g. Calculate the % error for your result. (2 pts)
=(( ))/( ) 100
= ((334265))/265 100=. %
4. How would a different mass of ice affect the determination of the enthalpy of fusion? Explain. (2 pts)

DIfference in the mass of the ice would not affect the determination of the enthalpy of fusion because if you add m
by a rate that is proportional to the mass of the ice added. Thus, the enthaply of fusion should be the same no ma
temperature change will accommodate the extra amount of added ice.

5. According to the Zumdahl textbook, the heat of neutralization for a strong acid and strong base is -58 kJ/mole
your value compares with this literature value (calculate the % error and comment on the comparison)? (2 pts)
= ( )/( ) 100
= (58+75.7)/(75.7) 100=. %

My experimental value is higher than the expected value. I didn't wait as long as I should have for the complete te
temperature to be smaller than it should have been so my heat of neutralization is larger than what it shoudl have

 = ( )/( ) 100
= (58+75.7)/(75.7) 100=. %

My experimental value is higher than the expected value. I didn't wait as long as I should have for the complete te
temperature to be smaller than it should have been so my heat of neutralization is larger than what it shoudl have

6. What is the biggest source of error in the enthalpy of neutralization measurements performed in this experime

My biggest source of error in the enthaply of neutralization measurements is the lack of time I devoted to letting th
The temperatures didn't change fully so my q was higher than it needed to be and thus my heat of neutralization
7. What, if any, is the effect of acid strength on the enthalpy of neutralization? (2 pts)

The greater the strength of the acid, the greater the effect on the enthalpy of neutralization because more energy
weak acids. Strong acids dissociate completely, which means it would take more energy to neutralize all of the co
not dissociate completely in water so it will take less energy to neutralize them because less conjugate base is cre

8. Suppose your thermometer is off by 1.5 oC i.e. it reads values that are 1.5 oC higher. How would this affect the

This should not affect the results of the experiement because each calculation that is done in the experiment requ
thermometer is used throughout the experiement, the changes in temperaure will all be 1.5 degree celcius higher.
by the same amount it will have no affect on the calculated results.

6. What is the biggest source of error in the enthalpy of neutralization measurements performed in this experime

My biggest source of error in the enthaply of neutralization measurements is the lack of time I devoted to letting th
The temperatures didn't change fully so my q was higher than it needed to be and thus my heat of neutralization
7. What, if any, is the effect of acid strength on the enthalpy of neutralization? (2 pts)

The greater the strength of the acid, the greater the effect on the enthalpy of neutralization because more energy
weak acids. Strong acids dissociate completely, which means it would take more energy to neutralize all of the co
not dissociate completely in water so it will take less energy to neutralize them because less conjugate base is cre

8. Suppose your thermometer is off by 1.5 oC i.e. it reads values that are 1.5 oC higher. How would this affect the

This should not affect the results of the experiement because each calculation that is done in the experiment requ
thermometer is used throughout the experiement, the changes in temperaure will all be 1.5 degree celcius higher.
by the same amount it will have no affect on the calculated results.

Laboratory Waste Evaluation (1 pt)

Laboratory waste is considered anything generated during an experiment that is disposed of down the sewer drain, thro
disposal by the UW Environmental Health & Safety department, or released into the environment. Based on the written
the identity and approximate amount (mass or volume) of waste that you generated while performing this experiment.
~20g MgSO4 * 7H2O
~9g MgSO4
100 mL HCl
200 mL NaOH
100mL acetic acid

disposal by the UW Environmental Health & Safety department, or released into the environment. Based on the written
the identity and approximate amount (mass or volume) of waste that you generated while performing this experiment.
~20g MgSO4 * 7H2O
~9g MgSO4
100 mL HCl
200 mL NaOH
100mL acetic acid

BA

Tiffany Uyeno

ny part of this lab report, and that all

work. Failure to sign this declaration will

Note:
All sections of
this report must
be typed

quations you will use to process your data. (2 pts each = 8 pts)

n a known amount of heat is added to the calorimeter containing 80mL of water.

ergy. Since the heat generated by the electrical heating is equal to the heat gained

= ( )/(( ))

he ice has melted, the cold water from the melted ice mixes with the warm water in
t energy of the two actions taking place. First you need to find the heat lost by the
t was ice. You can find the heat needed through the equation: =
equation:

can find by solving the equation and then converting to molar heat of

3COOH:

()
s the average temperature of the acid and base solutions)

()
:

Data Entry

6 pts

Run 3
4.9
2.41
142
22.4
26.4
1677
419
Average, Ccal

428

Standard Dev

9.07

Help with Formulas in Excel

In Excel type "=average(range of values)" but
instead of entering a range, just click at one end
of the values and drag mouse to the other end.
For standard deviation, in Excel type
"=stdev(range of values)".

pe examples of the calculations you perform for the following:

q cal
(2 pts)
q for heating the water that was ice (warming melted ice) (2 pts)
Hfusion (melting the ice)
(3 pts)

=(/())(() ())
=428(J/(C))X (18 ( ) - 22.2( ) ) = 1798J

=()(4.184/())( )
=(12.04)(4.184 /())(18.3)= .

= + 4.184/()
28/ 4.20=12.0 +(12.0 4.184J/g X 18.3)
= 73.2 J/g

q for heating the water that was ice (warming melted ice) (2 pts)
Hfusion (melting the ice)
(3 pts)

=(/())(() ())
=428(J/(C))X (18 ( ) - 22.2( ) ) = 1798J

=()(4.184/())( )
=(12.04)(4.184 /())(18.3)= .

= + 4.184/()
28/ 4.20=12.0 +(12.0 4.184J/g X 18.3)
= 73.2 J/g

40.0 mL
40.0 mL

ype examples of the calculations you are performing for

moles of H2O produced by HCl/NaOH reaction (2 pts)
the magnitude of the heat gained/lost
(2 pts)
Hneutralization
(3 pts)
+()+()2()
= (/)
=0.500 0.0400=.
=0.500 0.0400=.

nce the ration of moles in the equation is 1:1 neither HCl nor NaOH is limiting
there will be 0.0200 moles of water produced.
=
6 pts
=428 / (23.920.3)=.
=( () ( (
)/( ( ))/(

=1540.8 ( 1/1000)/(0.0200 )=. /

 =( () ( (
)/( ( ))/(

=1540.8 ( 1/1000)/(0.0200 )=. /

Type examples of the calculations you are performing for performing for

a) moles of solid
(2 pts)
b) the magnitude of q
(2 pts)
c) H solution
(2 pts)
d) overall H.
(2 pts)

a) =( ())/( (/))
moles= 0.0353

=4.252/(120.37 /)

b) =
=428 (/) (0.4)=.
5 pts

c) =(() 1/1000)/( )
=171.2 ( 1/1000)/(0.0353 )=./

d)
() +()+ ()
()+()+ ()+()

1=4.81 /

b) =
=428 (/) (0.4)=.

c) =(() 1/1000)/( )
=171.2 ( 1/1000)/(0.0353 )=./

d)
() +()+ ()
()+()+ ()+()

1=4.81 /
2=2.03 /

=4.81 2.03=. /

*Type the calculations you are performing for Ccup, Cwater, and
the new Ccal. (3 pts)
C water: 4.184(/()) is already known
C cup: Ccal - Cwater
428(/()) - 4.184(/()) = 423.816 (/())
C Cal: =( ())/( ())
Since we are using 50 grams instead of 80 grams of water, we can
substitute 50 grams into: =

and solve for temperature change: 1791=4.184/() 50

=.
.
so, = 1791/(8.56)=. /

rror for your result. (2 pts)

? Explain. (2 pts)

sion because if you add more ice the temperature change will increase
should be the same no matter what the mass of the ice is because the

strong base is -58 kJ/mole (see section 9.4 in Zumdahl). Explain how
e comparison)? (2 pts)

d have for the complete temperature change which caused my change in

r than what it shoudl have been .

d have for the complete temperature change which caused my change in

r than what it shoudl have been .

performed in this experiment? (2 pts)

time I devoted to letting the temperature of the reaction fully complete.
my heat of neutralization was higher than it needed to be.

ion because more energy is given off to neutralize strong acids than
y to neutralize all of the conjugate base that is created. Weak acids do
less conjugate base is created.
How would this affect the results in this experiment? (2 pts)

one in the experiment requires change in temperature. If the same

1.5 degree celcius higher. If all the changes in temperature are all altered

performed in this experiment? (2 pts)

time I devoted to letting the temperature of the reaction fully complete.
my heat of neutralization was higher than it needed to be.

ion because more energy is given off to neutralize strong acids than
y to neutralize all of the conjugate base that is created. Weak acids do
less conjugate base is created.
How would this affect the results in this experiment? (2 pts)

one in the experiment requires change in temperature. If the same

1.5 degree celcius higher. If all the changes in temperature are all altered

down the sewer drain, thrown in the garbage, collected in a container for
ment. Based on the written lab procedure and your actions during the lab, list
rforming this experiment.

ment. Based on the written lab procedure and your actions during the lab, list
rforming this experiment.