PPPL-2408

PPPL-2408
UC20-F

SATELLITE SPECTRA OF HELIUMLIKE NICKEL

By

H. Hsuan et al.

FEBRUARY 1987

PLASMA
PHYSICS
LABORATORY

PPPL2408
SATELLITE SPECTRA OF HELIUMLIKE NICKEL

DE87 008065

H. HSUan, M. Bitter, K. W. Hill, S. von Goeler,

Bm

B. Grek, D. Johnson, L, C. Johnson, and S. Sesnic

Plasma Phys'ics Laboratory, Princeton University,

S 5 =- - 5 J

P.O. Box 451

- ^ J | | =-

mum

Princeton, Sew Jersey 08544

C.P. Bhalla and K.R. Karim

ft fe I f l'-' " I I I

Department of p h y s i c s , Kansas S t a t e u n i v e r s i t y ,
Manhattan, Kansas 66506

^ I I J I ^ .< =

3
F. Bely-Dubau and P. Faucher

" ^

N l l | g f

ilililii
jiiiJHiil
S

D | | | S ^ - | S

mm

BP 139, F-06003 Nice Cedex, France

-el^B^sl%

ABSTRACT
Spectra of heliumlike nickel, NiXXVII, have been observed from Tokamak
Fusion

Test

spectrometer.

Reactor

(TFTR)

plasmas

with

high

resolution

crystal

The experimental arrangement permits simultaneous observation

of the heliumlike resonance line, the intercombination and forbidden lines,

2

and all the associated satellites due to transitions ls n - is24'nA'' with

n > 2. Relative wavelengths ami line intensities can thus be determined very
accurately. The observed spectral data are in good agreement with results from
the present Hartree-Fock-Slater atomic model calculations and predictions from
the Z-expansion method.

mm
KSTBIBl'TION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED

I.

INTRODUCTION

Heliumlike and hydrogenlike spectra of high-Z ions are of interest for

the

diagnostics

of

tokamak

plasmas

and

solar

flares, and

they

are

also

important for the testing of atomic theories which must include relativistic
and quantum electrodynamical effects.
hydrogenlike
studied

ions with Z.<

in detail

from

So far, spectra of heliumlike and

26, especially Ar, Ti, Cr, and

tokamak plasmas.

With

tokamaks, e.g., the Joint European Torus (JET)

Reactor
possible

(TFTR),

14

which

are

designed

to maintain plasmas

of

large

densities, n , in the range from 10

e

>

keV

in

conditions,

steady-state

elements

with

to

volumes
m

fusion

breakeven,
J

(V > 40 m )

it

is

with electron

and electron temperatures T

conditions

for

several

Z > 26

be

observed

can

new generation of

and the Tokamak Fusion Test

obtain

to 10

the

F , have been

seconds.
in

the

Under
heliumlike

these
and

hydrogenlike charge states.

In this paper spectra of heliumlike nickel, NiXXVII, are presented as
well

as a detailed

comparison

of

the experimental data with

13

Hartree-Fock-Slater atomic model calculations, '

1

-1

by the Z-expansion method. 7

sec. II.

10

results from

and the results obtained

The experimental results are presented in

The identification of the observed spectral features and comparison

of wavelengths and intensities with theoretical predictions are described in

Sec. III.

The analysis results and diagnostic applications ara discussed in

Sec. IV.

II. EXPERIMENT

The

measurements

have

been

performed

on

TFTR

with

new

crystal

spectrometer which c o n s i s t s of three c r y s t a l s and p o s i t i o n - s e n s i t i v e d e t e c t o r s

in the Johann c o n f i g u r a t i o n .

The instrument has been designed to record

spectra from three approximately vertical chords of the plasma minor section
in order to measure radial profiles of the ion temperature and plasma rotation
velocity from the Doppler broadening and Dqppler shift of X-ray lines from
metal impurity ions of Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni.

Traces (-0.1%) of these elements

are present in TFTR plasmas from the Inconel (~ 70% Ni, ~ 15% Cr, - 7% Fe,
" 2.5% Ti) bellow protective plates and the stainless steel vacuum vessel.
The resolution of the spectrometer is >/A* > 10,000.

128 spectra per crystal

are recorded during a TFTR discharge for time-resolved measurements of these

plasma parameters.

The wavelength range obtained with a single spectrometer

setting covers the entire spectral range of the dielectronic satellite lines
of heliumlike

ions.

It is

thus

possible

to determine

the satellite

to

resonance line intensity ratios accurately from a simultaneous measurement of

these lines. This is important for diagnostic applications of these intensity
ratios

for

measureraents

of

the

electron

temperature,

the

ionization

91 2
equilibrium, and ion transport.
from a. central vertical chord

The nickel spectra were obtained

(at a

major radius R = 249 cm? with a 2233 quartz crystal (2d = 2.028 A) of the size
of 1.5 in. x 6 in. x 0.030 in.

The curvature radius was R

spectral resolution was V A > = 18,000.

NiXXVII.

The data were obtained

= 1013 cm, and the

Figure 1 shows a measured spectrum of

from

the

steady-state

phase of a TFTR

discharge with a central electron temperature of 4 keV and a very low central
electron density, n ( 0 ) = 8 x 10

cm" .

The radial profiles of the electron

temperature and electron density as measured by laser Thomson scattering are

shown in Fig. 2.

Under these conditions the plasma electrons and plasma ions

are weakly coupled, such that the ion temperature is well below the electron
temperature.
obscured

by

The spectral
Doppler

features are, therefore, well resolved and not

broadening.

Moreover,

the

collisionally

excited

lithiumlike and berylliumlike satellites are expected to be prominent spectral

features, since substantial deviations from coronal equilibrium occur under
these experimental conditions.

III. LINE IDENTIFICATION

The nine prominent features of the spectrum shown in Fig,1 have been
identified

as

the resonance

line,

forbidden

line

of heliumlike

nickel, NixxVII,

lithiumlike

and

berylliumlike

the intercombination

satellites

of

lines,

and the associated

the

resonance

transitions of these spectral features are listed in Table 1,

correspond

to Gabriel's

theoretical

wavelengths

notation.
and

Also

line

and the

listed

strengths,

in

The

The key letters

1

for

the

dielectmnic satellites as obtained by Vainshtein and Safronova

our present calculations which are described below.

line.

Table

F (sf),

strong

r 1 8

are the
strong

and from

The channel numbers, H,

in column 4 of Table 1 correspond to the center positions of the observed

spectral features.

They were obtained from a least-mean-squares fit of Voigt

functions, and they were

than used

for determination

of the experimental

wavelengths using the following relation:

x = 2d sin (a + ael
v

where fi8 (degree) = 3.719

instrument.

spectrometer

is

is

o)

'

the

x 10" (N - N ) corresponds

to the d i s p e r s i o n of

center

not a b s o l u t e l y

channel

calibrated,

number
the

of

peak

1.

experimental

Since

the

wavelengths

are

given i n r e f e r e n c e t o the t h e o r e t i c a l , wavelength values for t h e resonance

w by a s s i g n i n g
note

from

Table

x
1

b e o r

'

= 2d s i r

that

both

sets

to the c e n t e r channel N
of

theoretical

the

of peak 1.

wavelengths

are

in

line
We
good

agreement with
between

the experimental

values.

For a more detailed

theory and experiment synthetic

spectra were constructed

comparison
from the

theoretical transition arrays in Table 1 as well as from the transition arrays

for the n = 3,4 lithiumlike satellites, which are given in Table 2 and in
Ref. 19.

To facilitate

a direct

comparison

with

the experimental

data,

channel numbers were .converted into wavelengths by using Eq. (1), and Voigt
functions

were

then calculated

from

the theoretical

transitions

for this

wavelength array. The synthetic spectra are shown in Figs. 3 and 4 together
with the experimental data. The calculated contributions from the different
spectral components, i. e., the heliumlike lines, the dielectronic lithiumlike
satellites,

and

the collisionally

excited

lithiumlike

and

berylliumlike

satellites, to the total synthetic spectrum are shown separately by the shaded
areas in subftgures (b), (c), and (d). The line intensities of the synthetic
spectrum

were

intensities

normalized

of

to the intensity of the resonance

the heliumlike

lines

line w.

x, y, and z were obtained

The

from the

following expression:

I
c
(T 1
x,y,z _ x,y,zl e>
~
c (T )
w
w
e
l

Values
the

for

the e x c i t a t i o n r a t e c o e f f i c i e n t s ,

methods

described

contributions
collisional
the

,,
( 2 }

from

in

Refs. 7

direct

and

excitation,

resonances, but we neglected

inner-shell

ionization.

9.

Here,

radiative

~r~
w

The r e l a t i v e

2
(2Ti ft ) i3/2 , . .

ic^i fens1 V
w

were c a l c u l a t e d
we

a f ) exp

included

cascade

the c o n t r i b u t i o n
intensities

s a t e l l i t e s were c a l c u l a t e d from the following

_ ,

using

only

the

transitions,

and

to the l i n e z from

for

the

dielectronic

expression:

-E
s -.

kr-J
e

,,.
(3)

with

A <s)A

sf) =

<sf)

L( )

F ( s f ) i s the s a t e l l i t e l i n e s t r e n g t h ; E
2

i s the Auger e l e c t r o n energy; A (s)

T

i s the t o t a l t r a n s i t i o n r a t e of the autoionizing s t a t e ) s> ; A ( s ) and A ( s f )

a

are,

respectively,

the Auger

transition

r a d i a t i v e r a t e of \s> to the f i n a l s t a t e
In the p r e s e n t c a l c u l a t i o n s ,
was employed
functions

to

obtain

the

rate

to the ground s t a t e

and

the

|f>.

the Hartree-Fock-Slater atomic model (HFS)

single-particle

were then used to c a l c u l a t e

wave f u n c t i o n s .

These

the r a d i a l Auger and e l e c t r i c

wave
dipole

matrix elements.

Configuration s t a t e functions belonging to the same complex

were

mix.

allowed

to

The diagonal

corrected for r e l a t i v i s t i c e f f e c t s .
were included.

elements

of

the

energy

matrix

The e f f e c t s due t o s p i n - o r b i t

interaction

to o b t a i n

correlated

atomic s t a t e functions and e n e r g i e s ; these were used i n c a l c u l a t i n g

transition

rates.

The energy matrices were diagonalized

were

For the w, x, y, j . q,

$, and z l i n e s the wavelengths were c a l c u l a t e d

using the m u l t i - c o n f i g u r a t i o n Dirac-Fock model including r a d i a t i v e c o r r e c t i o n s

of quantum electrodynamics.

The d i f f e r e n c e between the Dirac-Fock wavelength

and the Hartree-Fock-Slater wavelength for the j - l i n e was 0.0025 A.

added

to

the wavelengths

of

all

other dielectronic

satellite

This was

lines.

s y n t h e t i c spectrum shown i n F i g . 3 was constructed from the HFS r e s u l t s .

Ref.

The
In

17, the Z-expansion method i s used to c a l c u l a t e the atomic q u a n t i t i e s

which were used i n the s y n t h e t i c spectrum shown in Fig. 4 .

The i n t e n s i t y

of

the c o l l i s i o n a l l y excited

Lithiumlike

s a t e l l i t e s was obtained from the following expression:

(berylliumlike)

,COll.

/ , !
C

_ s
J

where i\,t*

"Hi*

w ^ e J ViXXVII

(= "HixyvT

or ( b e r y l l i u m l i k e )

a n <

"ilixxv'

^ "NiXXVtl
c

and heliumlike n i c k e l .

e l e c t r o n impact e x c i t a t i o n of the l i t h i u m l i k e

'

<

^
t

e n s

t :

e s

i 'r

l i t h i u r a l i k e
coefficient

(or b e r y l l i u m l i k e )

ion from

for
the

ground s t a t e .
The s y n t h e t i c
electron
Values of

and ion

spectra

were

temperatures

"uixxvi/'HUXXVII

abundance of h e l i u m l i k e ,

calculated

of
75

T
a

'

for

the

experimentally

observed

= 4 kev and Tj = 2 keV,

respectively.

"NiXXV-^NiXXVII = 0-1 &*

the

l i t h i u m l i k e , and b e r y l i i u m l i k e

relative

n i c k e l were chosen to

o b t a i n a b e s t f i t with the observed spectrum.

IV. DISCUSSION
The

detailed

predictions
experiment.

from

comparisons
both

shown

theories

The predictions

in Pigs. 3 and 4 indicate

are

differ

in
only

very

good

slightly

agreement
with

that the
with

respect

the

to the

wavelength for the satellite r (feature 6 ) , where the value of Vainshtein and
Safronova is in somewhat better agreement with the experiment than the value
obtained from the present calculations.

The predicted intensities for feature

3 are in both cases slightly higher than the observed value.

The observed MiXXVII spectra confirm the trend of the charge-dependent
wavelength shifts reported in Ref, 24,

in particular, we observe that the

satellite q overlaps with the y line.

Similarly, the satellite

close to the line 2.

On the other hand, the dielectronic satellite k and the

collisionally excited satellite r are well separated.

wavelength

3 is very

These charge-dependent

shifts imply that the line q is no longer appropriate for the

diagnostic of the relative abundance of the lithiumlike and heliumlike charge

states. The satellite r can be used instead.

The values far the abundance of NiXXV and NiXXVI relative to that of
NiXXVII, which were obtained from the analysis in Sec. Ill, are substantially
larger than the predictions

for the fractional abundance of these charge

states in coronal equilibrium

(see Fig. 5 ) .

Modeling calculations, such as

those described in P.ef. 9, make it possible to deduce values for the radial
ion transport coefficients

from

these observed

deviations.

The resonance

lines w of NiXXVII as well as FeXXV have been successfully used for Doppler
measurements.
measured

Doppler

ion

temperatures

in TFTR experiments with

TJ > 20

keV

have

recently

been

intense neutral beam heating from these

2 6 27
impurity lines. '

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The technical assistance of J. Gorman, J. Lehner, P. Howard, and the TFTR
operating crew is highly appreciated.
continuing

support

of

Dr.

K.M.

Young,

We also gratefully acknowledge

Dr.

Dr. D. Grove, Dr. D. M. Meade, and Dr. P. H.

This

work

was

supported

DE-AC02-76-CH0-3073.

by

Two of us

H.P.

Furth,

the

Dr. R. Goldston,

Rutherford.

U.S. Department

of

Energy

contract

No.

(G.P.B. and K.R.K.) were supported by the

Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of

Energy

Research,

and

the

U.S.

Department

of

Energy.

Computations

of

excitation rate coefficients were carried out on the NAS 980 - CIKCE computer
in Orsay, France,

REFERENCES

J . Dubau and S, Volonte, Rep. Prog. Phys. 43, 199 (1980).

C . De Michelis and M. Mattioli, Nucl, Fusion _21_, 677 (1981).

R . K. Janev, L. P. Presnyakov, and V.P. Shevelko, in Physics

of

Charged

edited

Ions, Vol.

13

of Springer

Series

in Electrophysics,

Highly
by

G. Ecker (Springer, Berlin, 1985).

4

T F R Group and p. Bombarda, in proceedings of the 11th European Conference on

Controlled

Fusion

and

Methfessel

(European

Plasma

physical

Physics,
Society,

Aachen,
Aachen,

FRG,1983,
1983),

edited

by

S.

Vol. 7D, Part

I,

p. 89.
Br"

TFR Group, F. Bombarda, F. Bely-Dubau, P. Faucher, M Cornille, J. Dubau,

and M. Loulergue, Phys. Rev. A _3_2, 2374 (1985).
3

E.

Kallne, J. Kallne, A. Dalgarno, E. S. Marmar, J. E. Rice, and A. K.

Pradhan, Fhys. Ruv. Lett. ^2_, 2245 (1984).

F. Bely-Dubau, P. Faucher, L. Steenman-Clark, M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, K.
W. Hill, C. Camhy-Val, and J. Dubau, Phys, Rev. A _26^, 3459 (1982).
P. Lee, A. J. Lieber, and S. S. Wojtowicz, Phys. Rev. A_3_1_, 3996 (1985).
M. Bitter,

K. W. Hill, M. Zarnstorff,

S. von Goeler, R.

Hulse, L, C.

Johnson, N. R. Sauthoff, S. Sesnic, K. H. Young, M. Tavernier, F. BelyDubau, P. Faucher,M. Cornille, and J, Dubau, Phys. Rev. A 32, 3011 (1985).
TFR Group, J. Dubau, and H. Loulergue, J. Phys. B J_5_, 1007 (1981).
H. L. Apicella, R. Bartiromo, F. Bombarda, and R. Giannella, Phys. Lett.
98A, 174 (1983).

10

1 2

M.

Bitter, K. W.

Hill, N. R.

Sauthoff, P. C. Efthimion, E. rteservey,

W. Roney,S. von Goeler, R. Horton, and W. stodiek, PhyT. Rev. Lett. 43, 129
(1979).
1 3

1 4

R . J. Bickerton, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusior. 2,

(1984).

O 5

K . H. Young et al., plasma phys. controlled Fusior, J^cj. r; (I9i4).

15

C . p . Bhalla and K.R. Karim, Phys. Rev. A _34_, 3525 (1986).

1 6

K . R . K-.rim and C.P. Bhalla, to ba published in hys. Rev. A.

c

L.

A . vainshtein and U. I. Safronova, At. Daca Nucl. Data Tables Z\_, 49

(1978).
U.

I, Safronova, A. M.

Urnov, and L. A- Vainshtein, Proc. P. N. Lebedev.

Phys.Inst. [Acad., Sci. USSR 119, 13 (1980);}

L. A. Vainshtein and U. I. Safronova, At. "Jata Nuel. Data Tables _25_, 311
(1980).
2 0

H . Jahann,

Z. Pixys. 6 9 , 189 ( 1 9 3 1 ) .

21
M. Bitter, K. W. Hill, S. Cohen, S. von Goeler, K. Hsuan, L.C. Johnson, R,
Raftopulos, M. Reale, N. Schechtman, S. Senic, F. Spinos, J. Timberlake, s.
Weicher, N. Young, and K. M. Young, Rev. Sci. Instruin. 57, 2145 (1986).
22
M. B i t t e r ,

S.

von G o e l e r ,

N.

Sauthoff,

Goldman, E . S i . l v e r and W, S t o d i e k ,
and S o l i d s , e d i t e d by a.
P r e s s , New York, 1 9 8 1 ) ,
2 3

J.

K. W. H i l l ,

K.

Brau,

D. Eames, M.

i n I n n e r - S h e l l and X-Ray P h y s i c s of Atoms

F a b i a n , H. K l e i n p o p p e n , and 1 . M. Watson

(Plenum

p.861.

A . H. G a b r i e l , Mon. N o t . R, A s t r o n . S o c . 160, 99 ( 1 9 7 2 ) .
24
TFR Group, M. Cornille, J, Dubau, and M. Loulergue, Phys. Rev. A _3_2_, 3000
(1985).
25
*
C. B r e t o n , C. De M i c h e l i s , M. F i n k e n t h a l , and M. M a t i o l i , F o n t e n a y ~ a u x - R o s e s
Laboratory Report No. EUR-CEA-FC-948, 1978 (unpublished).

11

H. Hsuan, M. Bitter, s. von Goeler, S. Sesnic, J. Timberlake, and S. Cohen,

Bull. Asa. Phys. Soc. _31_, 1611 {1986).
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M. Zarnstorff, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. _31_, 1414 (1986).

12

TABLE CAPTIONS

Table

1 . Experimental

wavelengths

resonance, intercombination,
associated

satellite

Wavelengths

are

u n i t s of 1 0

Table 2 .

1 3

in

_ 1

lines
A and

transitions:

1 3

10" s" .

1s n
are

theoretical

and f o r b i d d e n
due

to

predictions

l i n e s of NiXXVII, and

transitions

satellite

line

Cor

1s 21 -

strengths

the
the/

\s2t'2j."

F_(sf)

are

*
in

Atomic d a t a c a l c u l a t e d w i t h

wavelengths

and

in

A.

t h e HFS a t o m i c model f o r s a t e l l i t e

1s2l'n"
The l i n e

with

n =

strengths

Lines with F, - v a l u e s l e s s

3,

of

F (sf)
2

than l O ^ s

- 1

NiXXVI.

are

in

are not

units

line
The
of

listed^

Peak

key

Transit ton

l a ' s - la 2p 'p,

i s ' S - 1a2p P

1 / 2

J / 2

- ls2p S ,

1 / 2

1a 2p P

1.5931

ls 2a S ,

13 2p P /

la 2p P ,

2 1
13 ' S

la 2a

- ia2p 0
- la2p P ,

3 / 2

- I32a2p P ,

/ 2

2 2

" la2p D

5 / 2

1.5932

6.00

1.5931

12.fl

1.5965

1.5969

0.172

1.5973

17.5

1.5910

1.98

1.5910

11.12

1.5972
1.5981

11.10
39.32

283.50

1.5991

1.5992

6.93

1.5998

1.600?

7.19

298.31

1.6003

1.6005

58.0

1.6010

1,6011

53.19

1.6021

5.73

1.6033

1.81

I.COIl)

1.6036

310.32

1.6035

1.6037

1.6011

llcferenoe 17, 18

2.110

1.5968

The experimental wavelengths are normalized t o the t h e o r e t i c a l values f o r the I s

a

1.5938

1.6031

- | 2a 2p ' P ,
3

1.5935

0.157

1.5987

330.17

0.0106

1.5925

1.5985

1.5921

38.1
0.166

1.5886

b )

Present HKS C a l u l a t l o n a

Table 1

i J

1.6017

- l32p ' p , t r a n s i t i o n .

3 f

2 < >

1.5980
1.5980

- |s2p D ,

7
- 1s2a S

1.5886"

i.5978

2 2

/ 2

4h'or-

267.17

/ 2

/ 2

3 / 2

2 2

/ 2

1.5962

3 / 2

2 2

) / 2

- Ia2p P

'expt.

1.5959
218.01

2 2

3 / 2

.la 2p P
1a 2p P ,

210;21

) / 2

1 / 2

1.5926

/ 2

4^^^

1.5918

1.5929

1.5917

- )32a2p P

1.5879

3 / 2

l a ' s - 1s2p P
S
' o
13^23 S
- Ia2s2p P
2

1.5879"

2 2

k
d

- Is2a2p P /
- ls2p P

la 2a S

'uieor.

2 2

1s 2p P

193.18

*expt

) / 2

U 2p P

116.11

1a 2a S

14

Final State

Autoionizing State

F (sf)

|s>

(A)

(x10 s )

If>
Is

12

Is

Is

1s

is

1s

1S

is

1s

Is

3p ^ ^3/2
<Jp P.3/2
2

4p P 1/2
4p P 3/2

1s

1s

Is.

Ms

is

Is

Is

Is 2p( P)3p

3d D,

3/2

6.24

PP

12.82

3/2

1 .5912

15.94

5/2

is 2p( P)4d

5/2

1 ,5919

1 .97

5/2

3.94

1 .5903

3/2

3d D

1 .5899

1.26

Is 2p( P)3s

3/2
3/2

3d D 5/2
5/2
'3s

Is 2p( P)4d

1.5920

1 .07

PF

2D

Is 2p( P)4d

7/2
1s 2p(- P)3p D5/2
1s 2p( P)3d u5/2
1s 2p< P)3d P5/2

1 .5922

5.05

1.5936

1 .86

1.5951

3.36

1 .5956

3.09

1s 2p( P)3d

Pi

1 .5963

9.98

is 2p( P)3s

PP

1.5966

5.09

7/2

4p ^p1 / 2
4p P. 3/2
2

1/2
is Zpl P)4p n3 / 2
1s 2p 4p ^ D
D

5 / 2

1s

1s

1s

1.93
4.82

5/2

2 D

2p

1,5897
1.5898

1.5904

4d D

2.66

1.5906

1/2

4d D

_1

2
?

n3/2

1 .5892

13

1/2
Is 2p( 'p)3p 3/2
Is 2p( P)3p 5/2

3p

Is 2p< P>4p
1s 2p( P)4p

3p P

3p

3p P 3/2
3s S 1/2

1s ,4d

1s 2p( 'pjsp S1/2

TS 2p{ P)4p P3/2

3p P 3/2
4s S 3/2

1 .5975

1 .03

1.5980

1 .67

3p
?

V?
3/2

1s 2p 3p

T>

1.5997

2.33

P 1/2

1 .6032

1 .01

S 1/2

1 .6050

1 .41

5/2

1s 2 p ( P ) 4 s
1s 3 s ( S ) 2 s

Table 2

15

FIGURE CAPTIONS

FIG. 1 .

Satellite spectrum

of NiXXVII. The data were recorded

fron an

ohmically heated TFTR discharge during its steady-state phase.

FIG.

Radial

profiles

of

the electron

temperature

and

the

electron

density as measured by the TFTR Thomson scattering diagnostic.

FIG.

3.

Comparison

of

the observed

NiXXVII

spectrum

with

synthetic

spectrum constructed from the results obtained by the present HFS

atomic model calculations.

The experimental data are shown in

(a).

from

The

contributions

the

heliumlike

lines,

the

dielectronic lithiuralike satellites, and the collisionally excited

lithiumlike . and
spectrum

beryllium-like

are shown by

satellites

to

the shaded areas in

the

synthetic

(b), (c), and td),

respectively. The envelope shown in (b), (c), and (d) is the total
synthetic spectrum,, i.e., the sum of the various components.

FIG.

4.

Comparison
spectrum
Safronova.

of

the observed

calculated
1

contributions

'

The
from

from

NiXXVII
the

experimental
the

spectrum

theory
data

helium-like

with

of

are shown in
lines,

synthetic

Vainshtein

the

and

(a). The

dielectronic

lithiumlike satellites, and the collisionally excited lithiumlike

and berylliumlike satellites to the synthetic spectrum are shown
by the shaded areas in (b), (c), and (d), respectively, also shown
in (b), (c), and (d) is the total synthetic spectrum, i.e., the
sum of the various components.

FIG.

5.

Fractional

abundance

of

the

ionization

states

of

nickel

for

nc.

coronal equilibrium.

#86X1469
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89

2000^

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100

150

:.

K-

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-iiir

200
250
300
CHANNEL NUMBER

Fig. I

i -r**^* i" I

350

400

17

10

o
GO
X
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LO
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18

#86X1607

400Ch

1300CH

(a)

23

2000-

1 5 67

89

I I A | i | JJ

S IOOOH
a.

50

100

i ii

11

=^i-

11

150
200
250
300
CHANNEL NUMBER

350

400

(b)

vx\
%
iiiiIiH'Ti i T"'i i Y * i P ir ]i i i f P i T ir
-

1.585

1.595
o
WAVELENGTH(A)

1.605

(O

0-

\.

|,,',.V^K-'*Hfr
i.595
1.585

TTTinr

WAVELENGTH (A)

I 595
WAVELENGTH (A)

Fig, 3

605

19

#66X1599

<*4000

(a)

Io 300CH

2 3

2000H

* 5 6 7

89

it A m y

relOOO-

0-

50

100

r-i

150

r 'i

"

200
250
300
CHANNEL NUMBER

r1

350

T^^^T**

400

</->

0-

1.585

"f i' i i r "i "iir | v r*i *i ^ *Pir

.595
,
WAVELENGTH(A)

1.605

WAVELENGTH (A)

(d)
CO

z
UJ

~iiirnr

1.585

h A. 595v m) JM.605
WAVELENGTH(A)

Fig. A

20

33NVQNnaV 1VN0I1DVUJ

EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION IN ADDITION TO OC-20

Dr. Frank J , P a o l o n l , Unlv of Wollongong, AUSTRALIA
P r o f . M.H. Brenneh, Unfv Sydnfty, AUSTRALIA
Plasma Research L a b . , Australian Nat. U n i v . , AUSTRALIA
P r o t . I . R . Jonas, Flinders U n i v . , AUSTRALIA
P r o f . F. Cap, Inst Theo Phys,,-AUSTRIA
P r o f . M. H e l h d l e r . l n s t l t u t fur Theoretlsehe Physlk,AUSTRIA
M. Goossens, Astronowlseh I n s t l t u u t , BELGIUM
Ecole Royal* Ml l i t a l r e , Lab de Phys P l a s m s , BELGIUM
Con. of European, Og XII Fusion Prog, BELGIUM
P r o f , R. Bouelque, LaboratorliW voor Natuurkunde, BELGIUM
O r , P . H , Sakanaka, Unlv Estadual, BRAZIL
I n s t l t u t o Da Pesqulsas Espaclasl-INPE, BRAZIL
L i b r a r y , Atonic Energy of Canada L i m i t e d , CANADA
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r . H.N. Skarsgard, Unlv of Saskatchewan, CANADA
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P r o f . J . TelchMnn, Unlv, of Montreal, CANADA
P r o f . S,R. Sreenlvasan, University of Calgary, CANADA
P r o f . Tudor W. Johnston, INRS-Energle, CANADA
D r . C.R. J a w s , Unlv. of A l b e r t a , CANADA
Dr. Peter Lukac, Komnskeho Unlv, CZECHOSLOVAKIA
The L i b r a r i a n , Culhan Laboratory, ENGLANO
Mrs. S.A. Hutchinson, JET L i b r a r y , ENGLANO
C . Mouttet, Lab. da Physique das Milieux Ionises, FRANCE
i . fladet, CEH/CADARACHE - Bat 506, FRANCE
D r . To* Mual, Acadeoy B i b l i o g r a p h i c , HONG KONG
P r e p r i n t L i b r a r y , Cent Res Inst Phys, HUNGARr
D r . B. Dasgupta, Saha I n s t , INDIA
C r . R.K. C h h a j l a n l , Vtkraaj Unlv. INDIA
Or. P. Ka, lastltut*
for Plrm* Research, JNDIA
D r . P h i l l i p Rijenau, Israel Inst Tech, ISRAEL
P r o f , S. Cupermsn, Tel Aviv U n i v e r s i t y , ISRAEL
L i b r a r i a n , I n t ' l Ctr Theo Phys, ITALS
P r o f . G. Rostagnl, Unlv 01 Padova, ifALT Miss S t e l l a De P*lo, ASSOC EURATCH-ESEA, ITALY
B I b l l o t e c a , del CNR EURATOM, ITALY
Or. H. Yamato, Toshiba Res & Dev, JAPAN
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P r o f . Kyojl N l s M k a v a , unlv of Hiroshima, JAPAN
O l r e c . Dept. Lg. Tokamak Res. JAERI, JAPAN
P r o f . Satoshl I t o h , Kyushu U n i v e r s i t y , JAPAN
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Prof. Nobuyukl Inoiie, u n i v e r s i t y of Tokyo, JAPAN
S. M o r i , JAERI, JAPAN
M.H. K i n , Korea Advanced Energy Research I n s t i t u t e , KOREA
P r o f . 0 . 1 . Choi, Adv. Inst Sol * Teeh, KOREA
P r o f . B.S. L l l e y , University of walketo, NEW ZEALAND
l f f t l t u t # ot PI w e Physics, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
L i b r a r i a n , I n s t i t u t e of P h y i . , PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
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Z . L l , Southwest I n s t , Physics, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

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P r o f . M.A. H e l l b e r g , u n i v e r s i t y of N a t a l , SO AFRICA
Fusion O l v . L i b r a r y , JEN, SPAIN
Dr, Lennart S t e n f l o , University of UMEA, SWEDEN
L i b r a r y , Royal Inst Tech, SWEDEN
P r o f . Hans Wllhelnson, Chalmers Unlv Tech, SWEDEN
Centre Phys ds Plasmas, Ecole Polytech Fad, SWITZERLAND
B l b l l o t h e e k , Fotn-lnst Voor Plasma-Fyslca, THE NETHERLANDS
Dr. D.D. Ryutov, Siberian Acad S c l , USSR
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D r . . T . Tolok, I n s t . Phys. Teeh. USSR
D r . L.M. Kovrlihnykh, I n s t i t u t e Gen. Physics, USSR
P r o f , T . J . M . Boyd, Unlv College N Wales, WALES
Nuclear Res. Establishment, Jullch L t d . , W. GERMANY
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