Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Queuing
Queuing
Winter 2006
Queuing
CEE 320
Steve Muench
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fundamentals
Poisson Distribution
Notation
Applications
Analysis
a. Graphical
b. Numerical
CEE 320
Winter 2006
6. Example
Departures
Uniform or random
Service rate
Departure channels
CEE 320
Winter 2006
Discipline
FIFO and LIFO are most popular
FIFO is more prevalent in traffic engineering
Poisson Distribution
Count distribution
Uses discrete values
Different than a continuous distribution
t
Pn
e
n!
Poisson Ideas
Probability of exactly 4 vehicles arriving
P(n=4)
t
P0 Ph t
CEE 320
Winter 2006
e
0!
e t e qt 3600
CEE 320
Winter 2006
0.20 veh
Pn
min t e
n!
n
0.20veh min t
Example Calculations
Exactly 2:
0.20 15 e 0.2015
P2
CEE 320
Winter 2006
2!
0.224 22.4%
Less than 2:
Pn 2 P0 P1
More than 2:
Pn 2 1 P0 P1 P2
Example Graph
0.25
Probability of Occurance
0.20
0.15
0.10
CEE 320
Winter 2006
0.05
0.00
0
10
11
12
13
Arrivals in 15 minutes
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Example Graph
0.25
Probability of Occurance
0.20
0.10
CEE 320
Winter 2006
0.05
0.00
0
10
11
12
13
Arrivals in 15 minutes
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Probability of Excedance
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
CEE 320
Winter 2006
0.0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
Queue Notation
Number of
service channels
X /Y / N
Departure rate nature
Popular notations:
CEE 320
Winter 2006
M/D/1
Controls unaffected by neighboring controls
M/M/1 or M/M/N
General case
Breakdown in discipline
CEE 320
Winter 2006
Vehicles
Maximum queue
Maximum delay
Total vehicle delay
CEE 320
Winter 2006
Queue at time, t1
t1
Time
Departure
Rate
Arrival
Rate
M/D/1
Average length of queue
21
CEE 320
Winter 2006
= arrival rate
1 2
2 1
= departure rate
1.0
M/M/1
Average length of queue
2
Q
1
CEE 320
Winter 2006
= arrival rate
= departure rate
1.0
M/M/N
Average length of queue
N 1.0
P0 N 1
1
Q
2
N! N 1 N
Q 1
CEE 320
Winter 2006
= arrival rate
= departure rate
N!1 N
nc 0 nc !
N 1.0
Pn
P0
n
n!
for n N
Pn
n P0
N
n N
N!
for n N
Pn N
P0 N 1
N! N 1 N
= arrival rate
= departure rate
Example 1
You are entering Bank of America Arena at Hec Edmunson Pavilion to
watch a basketball game. There is only one ticket line to purchase
tickets. Each ticket purchase takes an average of 18 seconds. The
average arrival rate is 3 persons/minute.
CEE 320
Winter 2006
Find the average length of queue and average waiting time in queue
assuming M/M/1 queuing.
Example 2
You are now in line to get into the Arena. There are 3 operating
turnstiles with one ticket-taker each. On average it takes 3 seconds
for a ticket-taker to process your ticket and allow entry. The average
arrival rate is 40 persons/minute.
Find the average length of queue, average waiting time in queue
assuming M/M/N queuing.
CEE 320
Winter 2006
Example 3
You are now inside the Arena. They are passing out Harry the Husky
doggy bags as a free giveaway. There is only one person passing
these out and a line has formed behind her. It takes her exactly 6
seconds to hand out a doggy bag and the arrival rate averages
9 people/minute.
CEE 320
Winter 2006
Find the average length of queue, average waiting time in queue, and
average time spent in the system assuming M/D/1 queuing.
CEE 320
Winter 2006
Primary References