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Indefinite Integrals and The Net Change Theorem
Indefinite Integrals and The Net Change Theorem
Indefinite Integrals and The Net Change Theorem
5.4
Indefinite Integrals and
the Net Change Theorem
Wednesday, February 10, 2010
In this section, we will learn about:
Indefinite integrals and their applications.
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
b
Part 2 says that a f ( x) dx can be found by evaluating
F(b) – F(a), where F is an antiderivative of f.
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
x dx 3 C because dx 3 C x
2 2
For instance, sec 2 x dx tan x C
because
d
(tan x C ) sec x
2
dx
TABLE OF INDEFINITE INTEGRALS Table 1
cf ( x) dx c f ( x) dx [ f ( x) g ( x)] dx
f ( x) dx g ( x) dx
n 1
x
k dx kx C dx n 1 C (n 1)
n
x
Thus, we write 1 1
x2 dx
x
C
with the understanding that it is valid on
the interval (0, ∞) or on the interval (-∞, 0).
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
cos 1 cos
sin 2 d sin
sin
d
csc cot d csc C
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS Example 3
3
( x 6 x) dx
3
Evaluate
0
0 ( x 6 x) dx 4 6 2
3
3 33 0 3 0
1
4
4 2 1
4
4 2
81
4 27 0 0 6.75
Find
12
0
( x 12sin x) dx
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS Example 4
The FTC gives:
x2
x 12sin x dx |12( cos x)0
12
12
0 2
2 (12) 12(cos12 cos 0)
1 2
72 12 cos12 12
60 12 cos12
x 12sin x dx 70.1262
12
0
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
Evaluate 9
2
2t t t 1
2
1 t 2
dt
9 2t 2 t 2 t 1 9
2
2
dt (2 t 12
t ) dt
1 t 1
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS Example 5
9
2
Then, (2 t 12
t )dt
1
9
t 32
t
1
2t
3
2 1 1
9
2 3 2 1
2t t
3 t 1
(2 9 23 93 2 19 ) (2 1 23 13 2 11 )
18 18 19 2 23 1 32 94
APPLICATIONS
t2
So,
t1
V '(t ) dt V (t2 ) V (t1 )
t2 d [C ]
So,
t1 dt
dt [C ](t2 ) [C ](t1 )
b
So,
a
( x) dx m(b) m(a)
is the mass of the segment of the rod
that lies between x = a and x = b.
NET CHANGE THEOREM
x2
So,
x1
C '( x) dx C ( x2 ) C ( x1 )
is the increase in cost when production
is increased from x1 units to x2 units.
NET CHANGE THEOREM Equation 2
If an object moves along a straight line
with position function s(t), then its velocity
is v(t) = s’(t).
t2
So,
t1
v(t ) dt s(t2 ) s(t1 )
is the net change of position, or displacement,
of the particle during the time period from t1 to t2.
NET CHANGE THEOREM Equation 3
In both cases, the distance is computed by
integrating |v(t)|, the speed.
Therefore,
t2
t1
| v(t ) | dt total distance traveled
NET CHANGE THEOREM
t2
So,
t1
a(t ) dt v(t2 ) v(t1 )
is the change in velocity from time t1 to time t2.
NET CHANGE THEOREM Example 6
A particle moves along a line so that its
velocity at time t is:
v(t) = t2 – t – 6 (in meters per second)