Reliability, secured.

CHAINS AND
FITTINGS

CHAPTER 1 OF THE CURRENT

MARINE & OFFSHORE MOORING CATALOGUE

www.anchors.co.za

 Common Link

Enlarged Link

End Link

Studless Link
for Mooring Chain

Abbr.

Item

SL

Studless Link

D = Chain size / diameter [mm]

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

 Swivel

Swivel Forerunner

End Shackle

Joining Shackle

Abbr.

Item

See Pg

Abbr.

Item

See Pg

CAS

Crown Anchor Shackle

20

ES

End Shackle

Common Link

JS

Joining Shackle

End Link

KS

Kenter Shackle

EL

Enlarged Link

SW

Swivel

D = Chain size / diameter [mm]

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

 Anchor Swivel Shackle (b)

Kenter Shackle

Kenter Shackle Slim Type

1.30D

Anchor Swivel Shackle (a)

Abbr.

Item

See Pg

Abbr.

Item

ASWS

Anchor Swivel Shackle

End Link

See Pg
2

Common Link

EL

Enlarged Link

CAS

Crown Anchor Shackle

20

SW

Swivel

D = Chain size / diameter [mm]

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

3
No.

Item

See Pg

Stud Link Chain

Kenter Shackle

Swivel Forerunner

End Link

End Shackle

Crown Anchor Shackle

20

Anchor Shank

17

Anchor Fluke

17

4
5

6
7
8
Stud Link Chain and Components

Test Loads for Stud Link Chain

Grade U1, U2 and U3
Chain
Size

No. of
links
/27.5 m

[mm]

[in]

12,5
14
16
17,5
19
20,5
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46

1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
3/4
13/16
7/8
15/16
1
1 1/8
1 3/16
1 1/4
1 5/16
1 7/16
1 1/2
1 9/16
1 5/8
1 3/4
1 13/16

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

549
491
429
391
357
329
305
285
259
245
225
213
195
187
179
171
165
153
147

Min.
Weight
/27.5 m

Grade U1
Proof
Load

Break
Load

Grade U2
Proof
Load

Break
Load

Grade U3
Proof
Load

Break
Load

[kg]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

110
130
170
180
220
260
300
340
405
475
545
615
690
775
860
950
1040
1130
1240

46,1
57,9
75,5
89,2
105
123
140
167
194
225
257
291
328
366
406
448
492
538
585

65,7
82,4
107
127
150
175
200
237
278
321
368
417
468
523
581
640
703
769
837

65,7
82,4
107
127
150
175
200
237
278
321
368
417
468
523
581
640
703
769
837

92,2
116
150
179
211
244
280
332
389
449
514
583
655
732
812
896
981
1080
1170

92,2
116
150
179
211
244
280
332
389
449
514
583
655
732
812
896
981
1080
1170

132
165
216
256
301
349
401
476
556
642
735
833
937
1050
1060
1280
1400
1540
1680

Test Loads for Stud Link Chain continued

Chain
Size

[mm]

[in]

48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
73
76
78
81
84
87
90
92
95
97
100
102
105
107
111
114
117
120
122
124
127
130
132
137
142
147
152
157
162

1 7/8
2
2 1/16
2 1/8
2 3/16
2 5/16
2 3/8
2 7/16
2 1/2
2 5/8
2 11/16
2 3/4
2 7/8
3
3 1/16
3 3/16
3 5/16
3 7/16
3 9/16
3 5/8
3 3/4
3 13/16
3 15/16
4
4 1/8
4 3/16
4 3/8
4 1/2
4 5/8
4 3/4
4 13/16
4 7/8
5
5 1/8
5 3/16
5 3/8
5 9/16
5 3/4
6
6 1/8
6 3/8

No. of
links
/27.5 m

143
137
129
125
123
119
113
111
107
105
99
97
93
89
87
85
81
79
77
73
71
71
69
67
65
63
61
59
57
57
57
55
55
53
53
51
49
47
45
43
41

Min.
Weight
/27.5 m

Grade U1

Grade U2

Grade U3

Proof
Load

Break
Load

Proof
Load

Break
Load

Proof
Load

Break
Load

[kg]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

1345
1455
1575
1690
1810
1945
2075
2220
2370
2525
2685
2850
3100
3360
3535
3820
4105
4405
4705
4905
5210
5425
5745
5970
6320
6575
7080
7475
7870
8270
8550
8835
9270
9710
10005
10750
11500
12300
13200
14100
15100

635
686
739
794
851
909
969
1030
1100
1160
1230
1290
1390
1500
1580
1690
1800
1920
2050
2130
2260
2340
2470
2560
2700
2790
2970
3110
3260
3400
3500
3600
3750
3900
4000
4260
4520
4790
5050
5320
5590

908
981
1060
1140
1220
1290
1380
1470
1560
1660
1750
1840
1990
2150
2260
2410
2580
2750
2920
3040
3230
3340
3530
3660
3850
3980
4250
4440
4650
4850
5000
5140
5350
5570
5720
6080
6450
6840
7220
7600
7990

908
981
1060
1140
1220
1290
1380
1470
1560
1660
1750
1840
1990
2150
2260
2410
2580
2750
2920
3040
3230
3340
3530
3660
3850
3980
4250
4440
4650
4850
5000
5140
5350
5570
5720
6080
6450
6840
7220
7600
7990

1270
1370
1480
1590
1710
1810
1940
2060
2190
2310
2450
2580
2790
3010
3160
3380
3610
3850
4090
4260
4510
4680
4940
5120
5390
5570
5940
6230
6510
6810
7000
7200
7490
7800
8000
8510
9030
9560
10100
10640
11180

1270
1370
1480
1590
1710
1810
1940
2060
2190
2310
2450
2580
2790
3010
3160
3380
3610
3850
4090
4260
4510
4680
4940
5120
5390
5570
5940
6230
6510
6810
7000
7200
7490
7800
8000
8510
9030
9560
10100
10640
11180

1810
1960
2110
2270
2430
2600
2770
2940
3130
3300
3500
3690
3990
4300
4500
4820
5160
5500
5840
6080
6440
6690
7060
7320
7700
7960
8480
8890
9300
9720
9990
10280
10710
11140
11420
12160
12910
13660
14430
15200
15980

27.5 m = 90 ft = 15 fthm
1 Inch [in]
1 Pound [lb]
1 Fathom [fthm]
1 Kilonewton [kN]

= 25.4 mm
= 0.4536 kg
= 1.8288 m
= 9.8066 mT

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

Test Loads for Stud Link Chain

Grade ORQ, R3 and R4
Based on IACS Specifications
Chain
Size

Min.
Weight

[mm]

[kg/m]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

[kN]

50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
73
76
78
81
84
87
90
92
95
97
100
102
105
107
111
114
117
120
122
124
127
130
132
137
142
147
152
157
162
167
172
177

55
59
64
69
74
79
84
90
95
101
107
117
126
133
144
155
166
177
185
198
206
219
228
241
251
270
285
300
315
326
337
353
370
382
411
442
473
506
540
575
611
648
686

1400
1508
1620
1735
1854
1976
2101
2230
2361
2496
2634
2847
3066
3216
3446
3683
3925
4173
4342
4599
4774
5040
5220
5495
5681
6058
6346
6639
6935
7135
7336
7641
7950
8157
8682
9214
9753
10299
10850
11405
11963
12525
13088

2110
2273
2441
2615
2794
2978
3166
3360
3559
3762
3970
4291
4621
4847
5194
5550
5916
6289
6544
6932
7195
7596
7868
8282
8561
9130
9565
10005
10452
10753
11057
11516
11981
12294
13085
13887
14700
15522
16352
17188
18030
18876
19275

1560
1681
1805
1933
2066
2201
2341
2484
2631
2782
2935
3172
3417
3584
3840
4104
4374
4650
4838
5125
5319
5616
5817
6123
6330
6750
7071
7397
7728
7950
8175
8515
8858
9089
9674
10267
10868
11476
12089
12708
13330
13956
14584

2230
2402
2580
2764
2953
3147
3347
3551
3761
3976
4196
4535
4884
5123
5490
5866
6252
6647
6916
7326
7604
8028
8315
8753
9048
9650
10109
10574
11047
11365
11686
12171
12663
12993
13829
14677
15536
16405
17282
18166
19056
19950
20847

2160
2327
2499
2677
2860
3048
3242
3440
3643
3851
4064
4392
4731
4962
5317
5682
6056
6439
6699
7096
7365
7776
8054
8478
8764
9347
9791
10242
10700
11008
11319
11789
12265
12585
13395
14216
15048
15890
16739
17596
18458
19324
20193

2740
2952
3170
3396
3628
3867
4112
4364
4621
4885
5156
5572
6001
6295
6745
7208
7682
8167
8497
9001
9343
9864
10217
10754
11118
11856
12420
12993
13573
13964
14358
14955
15559
15965
16992
18033
19089
20156
21234
22320
23414
24513
25615

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

Grade ORQ
Proof
Load

Break
Load

Grade R3
Proof
Load

Grade R4
Break
Load

Proof
Load

Break
Load

Twist of Stud Link Anchor Chain

A twist of 45 degrees over 5 links is acceptable without noticable decrease of chain strength, more twist under
load will deform the chain. Thus a 27.5 m length of chain could be twisted under load according to the formula:

max = 27500 45

4D5

61875
D

D = chain nominal (wire) diameter in mm

Chain Size

Allowable maximum twist of 27.5 m length

[mm]

[degrees]

57

1086

No. of turns of 360

3

68

910

2.5

85

728

114

543

1.5

172

360

Coefficient of Friction for Anchor Chain

The coefficient of friction depends upon the actual ocean bottom at the anchor location.
Generalised friction factors for chain are given in table.
Ocean Bottom

Friction Factors
Starting

Sliding

Sand

0.98

0.74

Mud and Sand

0.92

0.69

Firm Mud

1.01

0.62

Soft Mud

0.90

0.56

Clay

1.25

0.81

The Starting Friction Factor may be used to compute the holding power of the chain
The Sliding Friction Factor may be used to compute forces on the chain during deployment.

Estimating Submerged Weight of Chain

The submerged weight of chain can approximately be established using the formula:
W
= 0,87 W
subm

W = weight of chain in air

Chain Grades as per International Classification

Chain Grade Classification

Classification Society

Abbreviation

R3

R3S

R4

Lloyds Register of Shipping

LR

RQ3

RQ3S

R4

American Bureau of Shipping

ABS

ORQ

American Petroleum Institute

API

NV-R3

NV-R3S

NV-R4

Det Norske Veritas

DNV

QR3

QR3S

QR4

Bureau Veritas

BV

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

 Chafe Chains

76 mm

Drop Down End Link

54 mm

Triangle Plate

Abbr.

Item

See Pg

Abbr.

Item

See Pg

Common Link

ES

End Shackle

DL

Drop Down End Link

KS

Kenter Shackle

End Link

TP

Triangle Plate

14

EL

Enlarged Link

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

 Buoy Chains and Fittings

Buoy Chain

Triangle Plate

Triangle Link

Buoy Shackle Type A

10

Round Link

Buoy Shackle Type B

Abbr.

Item

See Pg

Abbr.

Item

See Pg

BSa

Buoy Shackle Type A

10

ES

End Joining Shackle

54

BSb

Buoy Shackle Type B

10

KS

Kenter Shackle

Common Link

RL

Round Link

10

End Link

TP

Triangle Plate

14

EL

Enlarged Link

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

Chain Grapnel

Wire Rope Grapnel

Chain Grapnel
SWL

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

150

1778

1372

102

114

86

76

200

2008

1670

125

150

135

90

250

2008

1670

125

200

135

100

Factor of Safety 4:1

Material:
Finish:

Forged steel
Painted, self-coloured

Wire Rope Grapnel

SWL

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

150

1778

1372

100

114

86

76

Factor of Safety 4:1

Material:
Finish:

Forged steel
Painted, self-coloured

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

11

Permanent Chain Chaser

J Wide Body Chaser

J Wide Body Chaser

SWL

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

150

125

86

680

2220

1780

330

200

180

145

680

2220

1780

500

250

180

145

680

2220

1780

600

Material: Mild steel

Finish:
Painted

Permanent Chain Chaser

12

Work
Load
Limit

Proof
Load

Weight

[t]

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg]

150

250

130

380

99

1168

762

1702

991

1450

150

250

130

330

99

1245

838

1867

1130

1450

150

250

130

360

99

1384

953

2210

1397

2064

Finish:

Painted

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

Slip Hook

Pelican Hook

Slip Hook
SWL

Weight

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg]

0.4

89

16

27

125

0.6

0.75

102

22

28

12

165

1.25

130

23

42

16

180

1.5

170

34

46

22

230

200

38

66

25

280

260

58

88

32

360

14

Minimum
Break Load

Weight
[kg]

Factor of Safety 4:1

Material: Low alloy steel
Finish:
Galvanised

Pelican Hook
SWL
[t]

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

3.5

17.5

85

26

35

240

5
8
12
17
25
35
55
70
85
120
150

25
40
60
85
125
175
275
350
425
600
750

100
150
160
165
180
200
230
250
310
418
482

38
50
55
55
60
60
75
85
103
105
115

35
55
65
70
76
85
90
100
110
160
180

234
300
358
390
430
465
500
600
704
858
919

12
17
26
45
62
100
152
234
352
524
616

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

13

Hinge Link

Triangle Plate

Hinge Link
SWL

Proof Load

Weight

[t]

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg]

110

220

558

368

150

75

160

75

150

300

600

380

150

80

160

105

250

500

786

510

150

108

205

210

Tolerance 5%
Factor of Safety 5:1
Material: Forged high tensile steel
Finish:
Painted

Triangle Plate (Triplate / Delta Plate)

SWL

Min Break Load

C
[mm]

[t]

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

25

125

55

50

140

35

175

60

60

150

55

275

75

80

180

85

425

90

90

220

120

600

105

110

240

150

750

115

130

260

175

875

115

140

290

200

1000

140

150

380

250

1250

150

170

450

Factor of Safety 5:1

Material: High tensile steel
Finish:
Painted

14

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

Pear Link

Anchor Line Hook

Pear Link
Type
No.

Chain
Size

Weight

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg]

3240

298

206

59

40

48

83

40 44

56

26

43

13

4251

378

260

76

51

64

100

51 60

74

32

52

27

5260

454

313

92

60

76

121

62 73

88

37

64

49

6279

562

376

117

79

95

149

85 79

111

48

76

94

8192

654

419

133

92

124

149

111 102 130 133

54

79

149

9495

692

435

146

98

130

159

124 137

141

57

83

236

10

97102

889

571

190

121

165

190

130

181

73

108

386

11

103108

940

610

203

127

175

203

156

200

76

111

418

Material: Fully forged steel R4

Finish:
Painted

Anchor Line Hook

Product
Code

SWL

74000015

74000020
74000025
74000050
74000080

Min.
Break Load

Weight

[t]

[t]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg]

15

60

38

58

343

32

45

20
25
50
80

80
100
200
320

40
52
80
90

74
86
112
130

343
440
618
709

32
38
45
62

60
65
90
100

13
22
100
145

Tolerance 5%
Factor of Safety: 4:1
Material:
Finish:

15, 20 and 25 t alloy steel, 50 and 80 t high tensile steel

Painted

CHAINS AND FITTINGS

15