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Georgian
Lecture 9 (2)
by Manana
Kock
Kobaidze

FILM : A
STUDENTS
RESPONSE
https://www.y
ou
tube.com/wat
ch?
v=XRZYhrWcS
UM

TEXT: see also https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6aqkVf-mn2nTW5qNTRya0RyYU0/view?

usp=sharing
(Mananas original PDF document, though what follows may in places be clearer for
being a bit reorganized for to reconsider is to re-position; on the long journey of
perceiving an ancient, hidden tongue.

1.
The v-set and m-set markers in direct verbs
is me m-xat'av-s He is painting me
We have already learned that v-set markers indicate a subject person (an acting person) in the verbs expressing

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an action or a state; e.g.:

me v-xat'av mas - I am painting him

chven v-dga-var-t - We are standing
The m-set markers indicate object persons in verbs expressing an action or a
state; e.g.:
me m-xat'av-s is - He is painting me
is me mc'ers - He is writing to me
is me mxedavs - He sees me
is melap'arak'aba - He is talking to me
The m-set and v-set markers exchange their functions in verbs expressing
emotions or possession. An experiencer or possessor subject is marked by
the dative case and m-set markers.

Direct verb,
an acting subject

Inversive verb,
an experiencer subject

Levani ashenebs saxls

Levans uq'vars Tina

Levan is building a house

Levan loves Tina

me vasheneb saxls
I am building a house

me miq'vars Tina
I love Tina

2.
The v-set and m-set markers in inversive
verbs me is m-axsov-s I remember him
In verbs expressing emotions or possession the v-set markers usually
indicate logical, semantic objects (the one to whom the emotions are
directed):
me v-uq'var-var mas [I am loved to
him] He loves me
The m-set markers indicate the experiencer or possessor
subject:
me m-iq'var-s Levani [To me is loved
Levan]
I love him
Tina-s u-q'var-s is [To Tina is loved
Levan] Tina loves him
The one who is in love (Tina) is marked like an object (the dative case and
the m-set markers), but it still has semantics of a subject.
The one who is loved (Levan) is marked like a subject. It is in the nominative
case and it is marked with the suffix -s on the verb (uq'var-s Levani), but is
still has the semantics of an object.
This phenomenon is called inversion and it often occurs in verb class IV. It
is attested even verb class II. It can seldom occur even in verb classes I and
III.
In direct verbs, the prefix v- marks the subject:
I build it for him/her), whereas in inversive verbs the prefix v-marks the
semantic object
- He loves me).
An experiencer subject is marked by the m-set markers:

me m-ik'virs I am surprised about it

me m-ixaria I am glad about it
me m-t'k'iva I have a pain
me m-axsovs I remember it
me m-c'q'ins I am annoyed about it
shen g-ik'virs You are surprised about it __
shen g-ixaria You are glad about it
shen g-t'k'iva You have a pain __
shen g-axsovs You remember
shen g-c'q'ins You are annoyed about it.
mas u-k'virs He is surprised about it
mas u-xaria He is glad about it
mas s-t'k'iva He has a pain
mas axsovs He remembers it
mas s-c'q'ins He is annoyed about it.

3.
In a direct verb: the objects and their m-set markers are marked in yellow, while the subjects and
their v-set markers are marked in blue (see page 5) First, here are the endings:

The m-set markers indicate an object in

direct verbs
Singular
Plural
1.
mgv2.
ggvt
3.
- s (h)
- s (h)

NB again: In a direct verb: the objects and their m-set markers are marked in yellow, while
the subjects and their v-set markers are marked in blue:

cf above :

Here are the m-set markers in some inversive verbs, notably me minda, I want

On page 7 are all three charts side by side, or at least one above the
other.Meanwhile, here is Borjomi
me minda shen ginda mas unda chven gvinda tkven gindat mat undat

Here are the remainder of the sentences in the Lecture:

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