PROJECT REPORT

DIGITAL CLOCK SYSTEM

DIGITAL LOGIC AND DESIGN 3-B
B.S. (CS), 3rd Semester

Teacher Name: Sir Rizwan Ali

Group Members:
SHABIH HAIDER
36607
FAHAD ASAD
36560
TAYYAB ALI
36621
SYED ABDUL RAFAY
36609
SUNNY KUMAR
36608
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I truly express big thanks to my project guider, Sir Rizwan Ali, for advising me from the
beginning till successful completion of this project and being the part of this project, I always
tried to lead from the front. I appreciate the efforts made by my project mates for bringing out
this project which is full of information, if implemented, it will be great benefit to Computer
Science department for their co-operation and support throughout this project.
.

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ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this project is to build a digital clock and also to emphasize team working
experience among students. To design 12 hour digital clock, electronic devices such as ICs ,
resistors and LEDs are required that can be directly operated from a 230V main supply. The time
will be displayed on the LED display panel showing minutes and seconds function.

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Table of contents
Topics

Pages

Introduction-----------------------------------

Literature Review-----------------------------------

Objective and scope--------------------------

Methodology-------------------------------------------------

I.

Circuit diagram----------------------------

II. Multisim diagram---------------------

10

Result and discussion--------------------------------------

11-12

Coding ------------------------------------------

13

Conclusion--------------------------------------

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INTRODUCTION

A digital clock shows the time in numbers form on the lcd screen. It helps us to see the exact and
precise time. It is very expensive and accurate and it is very helpful for the buyer to buy this
instrument. We also build a digital clock on the breadboard that is also displays the time in
numbers form. The components we used in our circuit are as follows:
PIC 16F84A
Transistor BC548 (4)
10K,1K-Resistor (1k - 4)
LED
22pfCapacitor(2)
Push button (3)
Crystal 4MHz
Common cathode seven segment display (4)

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LITERATURE REVIEW
The first digital pocket watch was invented by Austrian engineer Josef Pallweber in 1883.It
shows the time in hours and minutes and it is available in the market yet. Another type of digital
clock called Plato clocks were invented by Ansonia Clock Company 1904. In 1970, the digital
wristwatch was invented by Hamilton Watch Company which now a days people are using these
types of watches. After that, many digital watches and digital clocks are developed.

OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE

Scope:
The main purpose of this project is to build a digital clock and also to emphasize team working
experience among students and it also helps the students to increase their knowledge. This digital
clock show the time in hours, minutes and in seconds using LCD display. It has also another
alternative function that alarm circuit is connected to it which helps us to buzzer the alarm in
buzzer alarm. It has also reset button attached to it which helps us to reset a running time and to
start again from zero.

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Objectives:

To implement, design and simulate a circuit in multisim.

To construct and design circuit on breadboard and starts testing it that whether it is
working or not.

Give it a 230 voltage main supply.

Stop the digital clock by reset button.

To build a team environment among students.

METHODOLOGY
WORKING:
PIC16f84A microchip is a main component of the circuit; its control and generates the seconds
clock through which the device run and its also control the 7 segment display. There are three
buttons are provided : reset button , hours button, and minute button . Reset button sets the time
to 0 while hours and minute button increment in hours and minutes to set the time from where
we want digital clock to start. By pressing these button you can easily set the hours and minutes .

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The main feature of this real time clock circuit is that this clock takes less current like its only
draws lees than 100mA.In this way you will also connect it with rechargeable batteries. By
increasing the value of resistors connected to the seven segment display you can decrease the
current gain. 24(international time clock) to 12 hour time conversion easily done by burning the
PIC microchip with the corresponding hex file.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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Multisim Circuit Diagram:

Components Pin out

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Seven Segment Display

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CODING
#define F_CPU 4000000UL
#include <avr/delay.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>

#define SegDataPort

PORTB

#define SegDataPin

PINB

#define SegDataDDR

DDRB

#define SegCntrlPort PORTC

#define SegCntrlPin

PINC

#define SegCntrlDDR

DDRC

/*Global Variables Declarations*/

unsigned char hours = 0;
unsigned char minutes = 0;
unsigned char seconds = 0;

/*Function Declarations*/
/
*****************************************************************************/
/*Decimal Digit (0-9) to Seven Segment Values Encoder*/
unsigned char DigitTo7SegEncoder(unsigned char digit, unsigned char common);

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/*Timer Counter 1 Compare Match A Interrupt Service Routine/Interrupt

Handler*/
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect);

/*Main Program*/
/
*****************************************************************************/
int main(void)
{
SegDataDDR = 0xFF;
SegCntrlDDR = 0x3F;
SegCntrlPort = 0xFF;

TCCR1B = (1<<CS12|1<<WGM12);
OCR1A = 15625-1;
TIMSK = 1<<OCIE1A;
sei();

while(1)
{
/* Set Minutes when SegCntrl Pin 6 Switch is Pressed*/
if((SegCntrlPin & 0x40) == 0 )
{
_delay_ms(200);
if(minutes < 59)
minutes++;
else
minutes = 0;

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}
/* Set Hours when SegCntrl Pin 7 Switch is Pressed*/
if((SegCntrlPin & 0x80) == 0 )
{
_delay_ms(200);
if(hours < 23)
hours++;
else
hours = 0;
}

SegDataPort = DigitTo7SegEncoder(seconds%10,1);
SegCntrlPort = ~0x01;
SegDataPort = DigitTo7SegEncoder(seconds/10,1);
SegCntrlPort = ~0x02;
SegDataPort = DigitTo7SegEncoder(minutes%10,1);
SegCntrlPort = ~0x04;
SegDataPort = DigitTo7SegEncoder(minutes/10,1);
SegCntrlPort = ~0x08;
SegDataPort = DigitTo7SegEncoder(hours%10,1);
SegCntrlPort = ~0x10;
SegDataPort = DigitTo7SegEncoder(hours/10,1);
SegCntrlPort = ~0x20;

}
return 0;
}

/*

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* Function Description:
* Encode a Decimal Digit 0-9 to its Seven Segment Equivalent.
*
* Function Arguments:
* digit - Decimal Digit to be Encoded
* common - Common Anode (0), Common Cathode(1)
* SegVal - Encoded Seven Segment Value
*
* Connections:
* Encoded SegVal is return in the other G-F-E-D-C-B-A that is A is the least
* significant bit (bit 0) and G bit 6.
*/
unsigned char DigitTo7SegEncoder(unsigned char digit, unsigned char common)
{
unsigned char SegVal;

switch(digit)
{
case 0: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b00111111;
else

SegVal = ~0b00111111;

break;
case 1: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b00000110;
else

SegVal = ~0b00000110;

break;
case 2: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b01011011;
else

SegVal = ~0b01011011;

break;
case 3: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b01001111;
else

SegVal = ~0b01001111;

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break;
case 4: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b01100110;
else

SegVal = ~0b01100110;

break;
case 5: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b01101101;
else

SegVal = ~0b01101101;

break;
case 6: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b01111101;
else

SegVal = ~0b01111101;

break;
case 7: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b00000111;
else

SegVal = ~0b00000111;

break;
case 8: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b01111111;
else

SegVal = ~0b01111111;

break;
case 9: if(common == 1) SegVal = 0b01101111;
else

SegVal = ~0b01101111;

}
return SegVal;
}

/*Timer Counter 1 Compare Match A Interrupt Service Routine/Interrupt

Handler*/
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect)
{
seconds++;

if(seconds == 60)
{

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seconds = 0;
minutes++;
}
if(minutes == 60)
{
minutes = 0;
hours++;
}
if(hours > 23)
hours = 0;
}

Results and Discussion

We use four common cathode seven segment displays which are connected in PORTB of
the PIC.

The seven inputs of seven segment displays are connected in parallel but it shows
different values it is done by continues scanning, that is if a value want display on the
first seven segment display activate the corresponding transistor then send the value to
through the port that is shown in circuit diagram.

To display a value on the second display activate the second transistor and send value
through PORTB.

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This scanning is continually done by PORTA and PORTB sends the display value.

Three push buttons are used one for reset the microcontroller and remaining two for set
minute and hour which connected in PORTB which scan to get a zero volt on the pins
RB6and RB7.

An LED connected on the RB0 which blink for on second.

CONCLUSION

Summing up it is clear that we have successfully completed our task and it shows that digital
clock is very flexible and mostly useable and now days world is shifted toward digital clock
because it is easily be seen without any issues.

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