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Force at Pipe Bending
Force at Pipe Bending
Metric Units
- density of fluid (kg/m3)
1000
Imperial Units
SG - specific gravity of fluid
1
The required support force in a thrust block - or an anchor - for a bend depends on
the fluid mass flow, or flow velocity
the change of flow direction
(1)
= A v2 (1 - cos)
(1b)
= (d / 2)2 v2 (1 - cos)
(1c)
where
Rx = resulting force in x-direction (N)
m = mass flow (kg/s)
v = flow velocity (m/s)
= turning bend angle (degrees)
= fluid density (kg/m3)
d = internal pipe or bend diameter (m)
= 3.14...
The resulting force in y-direction due to mass flow and flow velocity can be expressed as:
Ry = m v sin
= A v2 sin
(2)
(2b)
= (d / 2)2 v2 sin
(2c)
(3)
where
R = resulting force on the bend (N)
Example - Resulting force on a bend due to mass flow and flow velocity
The resulting force on a 45o bend with
diameter 114 mm = 0.114 m
water with density 1000 kg/m3
flow velocity 20 m/s
can be calculated by as
Resulting force in x-direction:
Rx = (1000 kg/m3) ((0.114 m) / 2)2 (20 m/s)2 (1 - cos(45))
= 1196 (N)
= 3125 (N)
Note - if is 90o the resulting forces in x- and y-directions are the same.
Resulting force due to Static Pressure
The pressure and the end surfaces of the bend creates resulting forces in x- and y-directions.
The resulting force in x-direction can be expressed as
Rpx = p A (1- cos )
(4)
(4b)
where
Rpx = resulting force due to pressure in x-direction (N)
p = gauge pressure inside pipe (Pa, N/m2)
The resulting force in y-direction can be expressed as
Rpy = p (d / 2)2 sin
(5)
where
Rpy = resulting force due to pressure in y-direction (N)
The resulting force on the bend due to force in x- and y-direction can be expressed as:
Rp = (Rpx2 + Rpy2)1/2
(6)
where
Rp = resulting force on the bend due to static pressure (N)
Example - Resulting force on a bend due to pressure
The resulting force on a 45o bend with
diameter 114 mm = 0.114 m
can be calculated by as
Resulting force in x-direction:
Rx = (100 kPa) ((0.114 m) / 2)2 (1 - cos(45))
= 299 (N)
= 781 (N)
= 722 (N)