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C23 Tieu PDF
C23 Tieu PDF
CHNG 23:
BNH HI CY TIU
CHNG XXIII
Hien nay, thanh phan benh hai tieu trong vung BSCL rat phong phu. Co gan
30 dang benh hai tieu trong vung BSCL, chu yeu co cac benh sau ay:
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BENH THOI CO RE
I. TRIEU CHNG va TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Day tieu co mau vang va heo t ot xuong. Co re co vet benh am t, thoi lam
vo co re bong ra. Di vet benh moc ra mot so choi mi.
Benh do nam Phytophthora parasitica var. piperina, nam lu ton trong at, sinh
ra noan-bao-t (oospores) va ong- bao-t (zoospores). ong-bao-t di chuyen c
trong at va doc theo day tieu khi day b t. Nam thng tan cong ni co re.
II. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
- Phong benh: ay la bien phap chu yeu cho hieu qua cao oi vi benh nay. Nen
bon nhieu phan chuong a hoai muc, nhat la phan trau bo. vung BSCL, nen vun
mo len khoi mat lp, khong nen bon phan heo hoac phan ga. Co the phun thuoc
Copper Zinc 0,4% len co re e nga benh.
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- Tr benh: phun thuoc Aliette 0,4% len la (neu la con ti) hoac ti vao re (neu la
a b heo). Thuoc khong co tac dung tiep xuc ma co tac dung lu dan c ca hai
chieu len va xuong.
BENH HEO RU
I. TRIEU CHNG va TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Cac la di b vang va heo dan len cac la tren, day b heo ot ngot. Trong day
tieu co mau en, re cung co mau en. Benh do nam !IFusarium!i sp. gay ra, nam benh
lu ton chu yeu trong at va tan cong vao re, thng la re cua nhng day b suy yeu
do tuyen trung gay hai hoac re co vet thng. Nam phat trien ben trong re va lan
dan len tren.
II. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
Chu yeu la khau phong benh, bang cach vun mo cao, bon phan chuong hoai
muc. Phong tr tuyen trung re bang cach rai thuoc Basudin vao goc. Tranh gay vet
thng cho re khi vun xi goc. Benh tng oi kho tr v khi cay bieu hien trieu chng
ra ngoai th benh a tram trong.
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BENH BU RE
(VANG LA do Tuyen Trung, CHET CHAM, Root-knot nematodes)
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c quan sat mot so vn tieu cua huyen Hoa Thanh, tnh Tay Ninh) so vi bu
re tao ra do loai arenaria c quan sat Ha Tien va Phu Quoc.
Mam benh co vong i ngan (3 tuan - 2 thang), thay oi tuy theo cay ky chu va
moi trng song. Nhiet o at toi hao cho tuyen trung phat trien la 20-30 o C. Loai
incognita co kha nang chu ng ieu kien nhiet o cao hn loai arenaria: tren 32 o
C, loai arenaria se giam kha nang e trng va tao bu nho lai, con loai incognita th
van tiep tuc sinh san c nhiet o at len en tren 35,5 o C.
Tuyen trung co kha nang gay hai cho cay t khi mi n t trng. Trng c e
trong mo re cay hoac trong at: neu au trung n trong mo re cay, se chch hut tai cho;
con neu n t trng trong at th au trung se di chuyen tm re cay e tan cong. Khi
con trong at, au trung khong an uong g ca ma van co the song c trong nhieu
thang.
Sau khi xam nhap vao re, au trung di chuyen en gan tru trung tam, co nh tai
o roi bat au chch hut. Trc khi chch hut dch cay, tuyen trung thng tiet ra mot
chat dch tieu hoa, chat nay lam cho cac te bao tru mach phat trien to ra, ong thi
lam tang toc o phan cat te bao vung vo tru, nen re cay phnh to ra thanh bu.
III. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
- Trong ung mua vu. Dung day tieu manh e lam giong.
- Bon phan can oi, tang cng bon them phan hu c a that hoai muc. Tranh
ngap ung va ve sinh tot cho vn tieu. Co the trong quanh goc cay tieu cac loai cay
chong tuyen trung nh Cuc, Van Tho v.v..., nham han che s phat trien cua tuyen
trung gay hai, neu co.
- Nen kh at nga benh trc khi trong, nhat la oi vi cac vn thng xuyen b
nhiem benh, bang cach: rai 50g thuoc Furadan 3H cho moi ho trong, hoac rai 20g
thuoc Mocap 10G cho moi ho trong.
- Khi cay b nhiem benh, dung cac thuoc neu tren, ti hoac rai vao goc tieu.
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La vang, cac long cua day tieu hi ngan lai. Bo re kem phat trien, tren re co
nhieu vet benh mau nau en en do tuyen trung chch hut, lam re b thoi. Cay suy yeu
dan.
II. TAC NHAN GAY BENH.
Benh do tuyen trung Pratylenchus spp. gay ra. Tuyen trung nay thuoc nhom noi
ky sinh di ong (migratory endoparasites).
Chung chch hut re non, lay chat dinh dng cua cay, song va sinh san trong vo
re cay. Ve kch thc, ay la tuyen trung nho nhat trong nhom tuyen trung song nh
vao cay, thanh trung dai: 500-800 micron.
Mot so loai nh: P. brachyurus, P. zeae th pho bien va hien dien vi mat so
cao trong at cat, nhat la cac vung nong. Cac loai khac nh: P. hexincisus, P.
penetrans th lai pho bien trong at nang va nhieu vung on i.
Tuyen trung nay co pho ky chu rat rong, ngoai cay tieu, chung con tan cong cay
bap, cay ngu coc khac, ma,, rau cai, thuoc la, ca chua, khoai tay, dau tay, cay an trai,
cay thong va nhieu loai co.
Ngoai viec gay tac hai trc tiep, khi tuyen trung chch hut re, cung chnh la luc
chung m ng cho cac vi-sinh-vat khac tan cong vao cay, lam re b thoi cang nhanh
hn.
III. CACH PHONG TR BENH.
Ap dung cac bien phap giong nh oi vi benh Bu re cay tieu.
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Tuyen trung nay hien dien pho bien vung ban nhiet i va vung on i. Ben
canh viec gay tac hai trc tiep cho cay, tuyen trung con co kha nang truyen benh virus
cho cay. ay la moi quan ngai nhat cho ky chu.
Benh nay co trieu chng tng t nh benh Thoi re do tuyen trung Pratylenchus.
Ap dung cach phong tr nh oi vi benh Bu re cay tieu.
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