Questionsand ExampleProblemsfrom Chapter 17

QuestionI'
(a) when an orchestrawaflns up, the players'warm breathincreasesthe temperatureof the air
within the wind instruments(andthusdecreases
the densityofthat air). Do the resonant
(b) When*re slide ofa slide tromboneis
frequenciesoftlose instrumentsincreaseor decrease?
pushedoutward,do the resonantfrequenciesofthe instrumentincreaseor decrease?

f "=ryt^ fn=DL

co)

V )xw.tta.t-od Pte

4l L

(b)

)/"sMu'S

Question2
For a particulartube,herearefour ofthe six harmonicftequenciesbelow 1000Hz: 300, 600,
750, and 900 FIz.What two frequenciesaremissingfrom the list?

@^a7;i4
Question 3
A tuning fork ofunknown frequencymakesthreebeatsper secondwith a standardfork of
frequency384 Hz. The beatfrequencydecreases
whena small pieceof wax is put on a prong of
the fust fork. What is the frequencyof this fork?

'w Sxql+z+ 3ltL

T-

|
|

t/

/T

/(:--,P

fk":3ztftz
::--

---)

3z"l*z

T= J..56^
ld's

Problem 1
Devisea rule for finding your distancein kilometers(andmiles) frorrra lightning flash by
countingthe secondsfrom the time you seethe flash until you hearthe thunder.Assumethat the
soundtravelsto you alonga straightline.

=) ,t'oel j-'$ o^NL

a+wfu,.nS- lt,^r.r M^nJ ,1,lx (ot=

+'* v - a'%t --- bt = AYv

Ito,'^^l= A%rrr/,

%-

^J*)

Ate^AI= bfio*,0r,1,

^t= Ax(zbd,)(W) =
= -l-,,i ---)
$ou aX
-==::-

/,t)
t t * (=, 4 \ - t .
/

l>

)tat'b'*^6

I,t

^-L4;-!4"^^-4M
uve^.5 55 At$nll'<t

Problem2
ln the figure below, soundwith a 40.0 cm wavelengthtravelsrightwardfrom a sourceand
througha tubethat consistsofa straightportion anda half-circle.Partofthe soundwavetravels
throughthe half-circie andthen rejoinsthe rest of the wave,which goesdirectly throughthe
straightportion. This rejoining resultsin interference.Whal is the smallestradiusr that resultsin
an intensityminimum at the detector?

AL=rTt--!,n
-- r (tt--O
Source

Detector
rr \ \
tt J =
''
= ({r\+'/s
".
AL
) A
w5"Bo"orr1!

L-

&n^uafu*

)rn

r(-n-r) = (t*/"r)z\
f -) ,r = o

),'ru.lJd

I-

YYI= o ? ) . r ) , - - -

/
l, \ \
p -- ( fct + AJ z\

---)

rl :orlt),---

/n-a1

_I

---'-7

?'(r-e)

;o-\/L*|^- d\ )

r - - -- l ^ v t
I

l/-JCfrl

Problem3
The figure below showsan air-filled, acousticinterferometer,usedto demonstratethe
interferenceof soundwaves.SoundsourceS is an oscillatingdiaphragm;D is a sounddetector,
suchasthe earor a microphone.PathSBD canbe varied in length,but path SAD is fixed. At D,
the soundwavecomingalongpath SBD interfereswith that comingalongpath SAD. In one
demonstration,the soundintensityat D hasa minimum value of 100r.rnitsat oneposition of the
movablearm andcontinuouslyclimbs to a maximumvalueof 900 units whenthat arrnis shifted
by 1.65cm. Find the ffequencyof the soundemittedby the source.

,utq.4'1 i9, a^,'nr ^" -+Arj-bJ o d''*a"'.!

P-n )-r,,,# A$W*

d, &

)/^^t-taara

/r+ AJ
i ,-;

LL= Ad ' y"

^"*"

rg\,)Nh.4.t,r-a %0,44^,*\ q
,

tJE o

n -X,)

)r)n

rPr\t^LLD M^f

AL = Y^
-'=::-

)=qJ=4(1.65..)
-=

6.too .
=

"1

= O ,o 61eorn

343,/s
O " Dr.6Ott

f = s"r."Ioellz

Problen 4
In the figure below, s is a small loudspeakerdriven by an audiooscillatorandamplifier,
adjustablein frequencyfrom 1000to 2000Hz only. TubeD is apiece of cylindrical sheelmetal
pipe 45.7 cm long andopenat both ends.(a) If the speedof soundin air is 344 m/s at the existing
temperatue,at what tequencieswill resonanceoccurin thepipe whenthe fiequencyemittedby
the speakeris varied from 1000FIzto 2000Hz? (b) sketchthe standingwave for eachresonant
frequency.

-> 44 q ,El, d+r"r J ,bd\

I
rfl

(3'iq'r/E) ----J C - = q--:.-.-.-\

Tn

\:l

s\

"i

I O

f (o..iS?')

ru"
(41

nr*lara ^[ n 4A4

,r."r" w*J

e^d'a I f., =
=tl,.1llz)
"(

]Aot

n=? fr=tsoel+z

Il}1H+

AL

16664t < f. < looo/l 7

n =5 fs = lYsr Hz

( b)
n=3

Q=5

2--

Problem 5
A tube 1.20m long is closedat oneend.A stretchedwire is placednearthe opeaend.The wire
is 0.330m long andhasa massof 9.60 g. It is fixed at both endsandoscillatesin its fundamental
mode. By resonance,it setsthe air columnin the tube into oscillationat the tubesfundamental
frequency.Find (a) that frequencyand(b) the tensionin the wire.

$at c W,t <'ouA-t

q\! a/^& :

n,/
fn = ) : - -

4L

8o, " t^A' W

J -L,& o^-lo 1 a
) nr-I

+ '- -'-z-

v=.1 2-/'(

tt

)v-

-- 'll.St+z

AL

d\

t
/t\/3i3-Jr)
' > .F,='ll-:-? (t.r"^)

aL

tr ---fi^-i;,ffi,)

z-= 4 t* ^t

r-\
ll

' -))
\

-,n/, = I!e:-i1h-= l;9t * lD^Ip

/L
O-33O""r

-^vc/^)
2 = 4 (o,a:o")"C1.1,-lo
(nusry*1'
2- 61"$N

::lr\

Problem 6
An acousticalburglaralarm consistsofa sourceemitting wavesoffrequency28.0kHz. what is
the beatftequencybetweenthe sourcewavesandthe wavesreflectedfrom an intruderwalkine at
an averagespeedof 0.950nrls direcfly awayfrom the alarm?
./
C VjVp
-1+ = T t
V+Vs

.\_-.,

Vs=o
19.

at rnS -l"tn a.o\rt4> (u.t-

c>.11onf s

Probrem?

- l/yt ru;ruts,)

+*'ole=ot= e{|Gz-['=T7GTJ

In the figure below, a Frenchsubmarineanda U.S. submarinemovetowardeachofiiE-dffi'lj

maneuversin motionlesswater in the North Atlantic. The Frenchsubmovesat speedvp: 50.00
km./h,andthe u.S. subat vus : 70.00km/h. TheFrenchsubsendsout a sonarsignal(soundwave
in water)at 1.00x 103Hz. sonar wavestravel at 5470km/h. (a) what is the signal'sfrequencyas
detectedby the U.S. sub?(b) What frequencyis detectedby the Frenchsubin the signalreflected
backto it by the U.S. sub?

\_/

.-/ -- ..-/vlvo 1

|
7

(")

J- \ v+'ts1

/^
r
? r,
\ = /.oe,.16'H+
n
\,/, = $o-oo i<norlh

Vo= ? o.oo(efS.
,/ = 54Jo r,/h.

--1
(t.oo*
st't"Yr)t,"
a1o'.r6",11tr
f
163tz)
f'=

I sttornfr. -50-obr"frr
]

lollffz

(b)

$=1ol)#z
V . ?o.ootrrlhn
V, = 5o"oo(rr/5,

v = 5??oKulih,-

./

t-=tl
t

c Z l l-+- -Vl o \
t

y_Vs/

m/i r- -t
61'toKnfhc + So.oof
(
)'= lo]al+--)
f SzttoYn/Lt -7o"co(n/xr.-l ,-.t

{'= I o'liilt