N

o
1

Nama /
Tahun
Sharon
Mack, et al.

T. Jaarsma,
et al. 2000

Judul

Tempat
Penelitian

Systematic
Heart Failure
Education
Improves
Patient SelfCare and Self
Efficacy

Self-care and
quality of life in
patients with
advanced heart
failure: The
effect of a
supportive
educational
intervention

The study was

located at the
University
Hospital in
Maastricht, The
Netherlands

Intervensi

Jenis

Sampel

Hasil

Content of the three consecutive 60minute sessions held once/week

included the HF disease process, signs
and symptoms, daily weight
monitoring, dietary restrictions,
medications, device therapy, activity
guidelines, and when to seek medical /
emergency services. Educational
methods included lecture,
demonstration, return demonstration,
handouts, and props. Faculty included
individuals from nursing and dietary
departments. Patient knowledge and
self-care skills were assessed before
and after series completion using a 17
point scale questionnaire. Individual
pre-test and post-test responses from
patients completing all three sessions

Randomize
Control Trial

Adult HF patients at an
academic county
hospital attended a
systematic HF
education series that
was delivered in a small
group setting
(maximum 15 people).

The intervention included intensive

education by a study nurse about the
consequences of heart failure in daily
life by use of a standard nursing care
plan developed by the researchers for
older patients with heart failure

experimental
design

The study included 179

patients (mean age 73
years, 58% men, New
York Heart Association
classification III and
IV) admitted to a
university hospital with
symptoms of heart
failure.

The number of patients attending

one, two, or three educational
sessions were 45, 14, and 81
respectively. Demographic
survey of graduates showed that
more than half lived with a
spouse/ relative and 72% earned
a high school diploma or greater.
Graduates demonstrated a 10%
(p50.001) increase in knowledge
gained at the completion of the
educational series. This
increased knowledge translated
into effective self-care behaviors
as evidenced by 84% performing
daily weight monitoring, 94%
making specific efforts to eat
low sodium foods, and 91%
rating themselves to be
somewhat-to-very successful in
following HF dietary guidelines.
Self-care abilities did not change
as a result of the intervention,
but the self-care behavior in the
intervention group was higher
than the self-care behavior in the
control group during follow-up.
The effect of the supportive
educational intervention on
quality of life was limited. The 3
dimensions of quality of life

Mary A.
Caldwell, et
al. 2005

A simplified
education
program
improves
knowledge, selfcare behavior,
and disease
severity in heart
failure patients
in rural settings

Northern
California

the intervention group received usual

care as well as a simple individualized
education and counseling session
focused on symptom recognition and
fluid weight management, with a
phone call at 1 month for
reinforcement. Usual care was defined
as routine counseling performed by
the patients physician about dietary
modifications, physical activity,
smoking and alcohol cessation, and
compliance with medications. After
randomization, the intervention was
administered by a trained, non
cardiac-trained registered nurse.
Follow-up data were obtained at 3
months.

randomized
experimental
design

Patients were recruited

from a cardiology
practice in a rural
setting in Northern
California with no
formalized HF
education program.
Inclusion criteria were
clinically stable New
York Heart Association
classes II to IV HF
patients. Class I
patients were also
included if they had had
an exacerbation of HF
symptoms within the
prior year necessitating
an unplanned trip to the
physician or an
admission to the
emergency department.

improved after hospitalization in

both groups, with no differences
between intervention and control
group as measured at each
follow-up measurement.
However, there was a trend
indicating differences between
the 2 groups in decrease in
symptom frequency and
symptom distress during the 9
months of follow-up.
There were no differences
between groups in knowledge,
self-care behaviors and BNP at
baseline; however, knowledge
and self-care behavior related to
daily weights improved
significantly at 3 months in the
intervention group ( P = .01 and .
03, respectively). Although the
changes in mean BNP at 3
months were in the hypothesized
direction, the difference between
the 2 groups was not significant.