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The cerebral hemispheres lateral view

Cerebrum has 5 hemispheres: ____________________________
_____________________________________________________
Gyrus = _______, sulcus = _______, fissure = _____________

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Brain- Saggital section

________
___________
Thalamus

_________

Hypothalamus

Corpora
quadrigemina

Optic chiasm

________
__________
_______

_________

Medulla oblongata

Brain- The Limbic System

Regulates emotion and memory
Thalamus: gateway to the cerebrum,
___________________________
Hypothalamus: many critical functions
Cingulate gyrus: coordinates senses with
________________________
Amygdala: emotional sensory inputs
Hippocampus: converts ___________
_______________________________

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Ventricles of the Brain

Ventricles are a communicating network of _________________
________________________________________________________
4 total: Two lateral, 3rd ventricle (cerebral aqueduct) and 4th ventricle

Brain- Blood Vessels

Right and left internal carotid arteries divide into ________________
cerebral arteries forming an _________________________________
It encircles the ________________________ and is a common site for
________________________________________.

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Cranial
Nerves
1

Numbered
anterior to
posterior
t i
2
5
87
9
10
11

3
6
12

Old Opie Occasionally Trots Triumphantly And Feels Very Gleeful, Victorious
And Happy

12 CRANIAL NERVES- PNS

________________
________________
__________________________

I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X Vagus
X.
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal

__________________________________________________________

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__________: tongue,
face, chewing
_____: tongue, auricle
salivary glands, facial
expression
i
________________:
tongue, carotid
arteries, parotid,
pharynx
_______: thorax and
abdomen, thorax and
abdomen, pharynx
Sensory motor

Olfactory Nerve (CN 1): Smell

______________
______________
Frontal sinus
Nasal bones

_____________
Opening of
nasolacrimal duct
_____
Maxillary
part of palate

Sphenoid sinus
Opening of most
sinuses
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____
Palatine part
of palate

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Saggital section through the nose

Nasal bones
_____________
_____________
_____________

Frontal sinus
Cribiform plate of
ethmoid bone
Sphenoid sinus

Cartilage

______ ________
________

Optic Nerve (CN 2): Sight

Optic nerve exits the posterior eye,
____________________________
______, continues to occipital lobes
as optic tract

Optic ______
Optic ______
Optic ______

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Orbit
7 bones: zygomatic,
frontal, maxillary,
sphenoid, ethmoid,
lacrimal, palatine

Sphenoid

Frontal
Optic canal
________
________

Optic canal in base

of ______________
________________

Zygomatic

___________
______ ______
Maxilla

Orbit
Levator palpebrae superioris ____________________; __________
____________________________________________
Conjunctiva on posterior surface of eye lid
Lacrimal gland makes tears,
tears drained by _______________________

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Eye Muscles
Four rectus muscles: Superior, inferior, medial (CN __); lateral (CN __);
all __________________________
Two obliques: superior (CN __), inferior (CN __); originate on sphenoid
and maxilla respectively

Eye: Anterior and Posterior segments

_______ humour
jelly-like in ______________
Sclera
Choroid
Retina

_______ humour
Liquid in _______________

Ciliary muscle

Iris
Cornea
Pupil
L
Lens
anterior
segment
Vitreous
body

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Fibrous
layer (2)

Sclera _______________________________
Cornea transparent, collagen fibers, _______
______________________________________

Sensory
layer

Vascular
Layer (3)

Choroid vascular pigmented membrane

Ciliary Muscle __________________
Iris ___________________________________
round central opening
p
g = ________

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LENS ACCOMMODATION (changing focus)

Ciliary muscles: CN III
NEAR
________
of muscle

Sensory
layer

FAR
_________
of muscle

Retina:
Pigmented layer
___________________________
Neural Layer
contains ____________________

10

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CN V: Trigeminal
V1 OPHTHALMIC
_________
_________
_________

All with
sensory
branches, V3
also with
motor to
muscles of
mastication

V2 MAXILLARY
zygomatic
infraorbital
V3- MANDIBULAR
auriculotemporal
________
________

CN V: Trigeminal

11

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CN VII: Facial
Posterior auricular: _________
_________________________
_____________________
Five motor terminal branches
to muscles of _____________
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
23

External, Middle & Inner Ear

12

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The External Ear

Funnels and amplifies sound
_________________ make ear
wax; hair

______
_______
External
acoustic meatus
(EAM)

The Middle Ear

Tympanum _______ _______ _______ ___________
_______
malleus
ll

_______
_______

incus
oval window
round
window

stapes
t
tympanic
membrane

Eustacian
(auditory) tube

13

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Otitis Media: Middle ear infection

2nd most common problem
in children because ______
______________________
______________________
Spread of infection from
respiratory system can
______________ leading to
hearing loss
Myringotomy: ____________

Eustachian tube
Nasopharynx

The Inner Ear

BONY Labyrinth with _________

vs MEMBRANOUS Labyrinth
with ___________

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INNER EAR
Bony labyrinth:

1.________

2. ________

3. _________________

Membranous labyrinth:

-cochlear
duct
Function:

*_________

-_______ (elevator) - semicircular duct

-_______ (race car)
*Equilibrium
*Equilibrium
(_______________)
(_____________
_______________ )

Cranial nerve VIII

15

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Mouth

Primary Teeth

Twenty primary
deciduous teeth have
shallow roots and fall
out.
___ incisors
__ cuspids (canines)
___ molars

32

16

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Secondary Teeth

32 secondary permanent
teeth.
_ incisors (central and lateral)
_ cuspids (canines)
_ bicuspids
_ molars (1st and 2nd)
_ wisdom (3rd molars)

Tooth structure: Incisor

Parts: Crown connected to root by the neck. Root is fixed in ______
________________________. Teeth surrounded by ______ (gums).
______ is covered by
______ in the crown and
________ in the root.
Root canal transmits
nerves and vessels to the
__________.

17

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Tongue
Innervation

Structure

Cranial nerve IX
Sensory : ___________
________________, part
of the _________ and
_____, ______arteries of
the neck.
Motor : pharyngeal
muscles involved in
___________ , ______
salivaryy ggland via the otic
ganglion

18

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Cranial nerve X

Cranial nerves XI and XII

Motor to muscles of the
neck and upper back
XI: ___________ and
______ muscles, _____
cords,
___________________,
____________
XII: skeletal muscles of
the _______

19