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Why Studies
Why Studies
General
The industrial and commercial systems have advanced and grown in recent years
with capacities close to or sometimes exceeding that of small electric utility (EB =
Electricity Board) system
Todays intensely competitive business environment forces management personnel to
be very aware of the total owning cost of their electrical power distribution system
Therefore they demand assurances of maximum return on all capital investments in
the electrical power systems
The use of digital computers with sophisticated electrical system softwares (like
ETAP, CYME, SKM Power Tools, EDSA, ERACS) makes it possible to study the
performance of proposed and actual systems under many operating conditions.
Answers to many questions regarding impact of system expansion, short circuit
capacity, stability, load distribution etc, can be intelligently and economically obtained,
The planning, design and operation of Utility (i.e the Electricity Board), industrial, oil
and gas, petrochemical and commercial power systems require several studies to
assist in evaluation of the initial and future system performance, system reliability,
safety and ability to grow with the production and/or operating requirements.
The studies most likely to be needed are
load flow studies for steady state power flow and steady state voltage drop
calculation in branches of system like cable, overhead line and transformers.,
short circuit or fault current calculation and analysis studies,
motor start studies
relay coordination studies,
harmonic studies,
transient stability studies.
The Lead engineer or Specialist Engineer must decide which studies are needed to
ensure that the system will operate safely, economically and efficiently over the
expected life of the system.
2.0
Electrical power system analysis engineering softwares (such as ETAP, CYME, SKM
Power Tools, EDSA or ERACS) are excellent for studying power systems but it cannot
be used as a substitute for knowledge and experience. So some basic fundamentals
of power system engineering has to be attained or brushed before an engineer can
use the software.
To set up the electrical system MODEL SLD in the software for system analysis,
certain basic data must be gathered with accuracy and proper presentation.
The extent of system representation, restriction in terms of nodes or buses and
branches ( such as cables, lines and transformers), balanced three phase network
and single line diagram (SLD), impedance diagram, load list at various busbars, spilt
of loads as motor or lighting, identification of harmonic generating loads, etc, are all
important inputs to a meaningful system study.
3.0
Calculation of voltages at all busbars due to power flow throw branches from
sources to load.
Check ALERT for under voltage or over voltage or branch over loading
Checking power factor of power flow at all source and branch circuits.
2.0
Studies Helps To :
3.0
Stability Studies
System disturbances are a source of instability that can cause loss of
synchronisation, stalling or overloading of generators and motors. Catastrophic failure
of large parts of the power system can result, along with plant damage.
Stability models & Studies used to:
4.0
Electrical protection
5.0