Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cinema Verite
Cinema Verite
AND
At least part of the preference for "Voice Over" narrative
in pre-50's doc film was due to these restrictions.
---(one of the reasons that Edgar Anstey's
HOUSING PROBLEMS was such an
accomplishment"
Around the same time, lightweight, relatively quiet, batterydriven magnetic tape sound recorders were developed.
Rouch had met Michel Brault in California a year earlier and had
enlisted him in the project as cinematographer.
Interesting that the terms cinema verite and direct cinema are often
used interchangeably--initially, the philosophies and strategies of
these two cinematic movement were poles appart, even if the
surface look of the films was often similar.
Morin:
"Newscasts present us with life in its Sunday best--official,
ritualized--men of state shaking hands, discussions. Once in a
while fate, chance, will place in our field of vision a shriveled or
a beaming face, an accident, a fragment of truth. This scene
taken from life is most often a scene taken from death. As a
general rule, the camera is too heavy, it is not mobile enough,
the sound equipment can't follow the action, and what is live
escapes close up. Cinema needs a set, a staged ceremony, a
halt to life. And then everyone masquerades--equipped with a
supplementary mask on the camera."
--Shot in the midst of the Algerian War: how does that fact impact the
film?
--In what ways is this film similar to NanooKwhat is the role and
participation of the subjects?
--How different from Grierson?
--How have the filmmakers organized their work? How do the
sections/segments interrelate?
--Segment of marceline walking in the Place de la Concorde, Angelo
getting up and eating breakfast Are these straight recordings of
"reality" what would have happened had the camera not been there
to record? What are they?
--Why does rouch say to Marin: "We're in for trouble?"
Robert Drew, a photo editor and reporter for Life magazine, had been
experimenting with candid photography for a number of years.
He became interested in doing similar things with motion
pictures, in developing moving image news essays in a style
8
10
The other breakthrough made by Drew and others at this time was
the development of the extended film magazine that would allow
longer uninterrupted shoots(400 instead of the standard 100 feet)
The camera displayed here is a considerably rebuilt Auricon. To convert the
100 foot load Auricon into a 400 foot camera, the top was sheared off and
fitted with a plate to accept a 400 foot film magazine made by the Mitchell
Camera Company. An Angenieux zoom lens is held to the front of the
camera with a special mount milled from solid aluminum. Because this was
not a reflex camera, a special viewfinder was made to allow the camera
operator to see what the lens saw. A box was affixed to one side of the
camera to allow, among other things, installation of a synchronous sound
system controlled by a tuning fork. Not visible here are the battery and
power supply, both specially built for the rig. Inside the camera the original
metal gears, which made a loud and disturbing sound, were replaced by
softer gears milled from teflon blocks. Unwieldy as this rig was--weighting
in at over 35 pounds--it was used to power the Drew Associates
breakthrough candid films, some 40 hours of them, between 1960 and 1966.
Around this same time, Drew formed his production company, Drew
Associates, which enabled him to hire freelance cameramen and
filmmakers,
including D.A. Pennebaker,
Leacock and
11
Albert Maysles
all of whom would go on to distinguish themselves independently.
They also messed around with the camera's viewfinding and lens...
Even tho the camera still weighed 35 pounds--it was revolutionary in
its portability and flexibility.
This portable, synchronous sound camera provided the
catalyst for a radically new way of thinking about
documentary film.
12
The notion was to film real people in real, "uncontrolled" situations -uncontrolled generally meant minimally scripted (if scripted at all) and
with minimum intrusions of the director either in the act of filming or in
post-production (for eg addition of music, voice overs, etc.).
It has been suggested that this movement in some sense
reflected broader societal changes of the the 1960's
a growing democratization of US societyand end to the
political reaction of the McCarthy era.
Often the kernel of cinematic truth, the drama, was found in shooting
vast amounts of footage and
finding the connections and defining moments in the editing
room.
14
Takes were long; scenes were often connected by jump cuts that
swung from general scenes to closely focussed particulars. In many
cases the filmmaker acted as editor
15
17
One of the cameramen on Primary was Albert Maysles, who with his
brother David split off from Drew Associates in 1962 to do his own
independent work. Albert was the camera guy; David handled sound.
shaping the structure and rhythm of the film. Zwerin and other
Maysle editors were often given co-credit with the filmmakers.
Perhaps the two best-know Maysles films are Salesman (1969) and
Gimme Shelter (1970). We're going to look at Salesman todayI'm
really sorry we don't have time for Gimme Shelter -- a film which
captures the violent unravelling of 1960's idealism at a massive
Rolling Stones concert at the Altamont Speedway
It's in MRC
SALESMAN
--ethical issues? Implied consentparticipation of subject in editing
and constructing the film?
--Focus on an individualout of four. Paul
--From whose POV is the story told? How does this differ from
Primary?
Is a POV outside of the camera eye antithetical in verite?
Serves as a narrator in an otherwise unnarrated film
--Maysles have argued that their films should be judged by the same
criteria one applies to fiction films
--What similarities/affinities does this have with traditional fictional
narrative
How does your knowledge or expectations regarding the nature of
this film (any doc) shape your perception and assessment of it?
David Maysles: The most exciting thing in life is to watch the meeting
of two strangers to see how they communicate."
19
20