ELASTIC

OF

AND RELAXATION

CHROMIZED

CARBON

M. A . K r i s h t a l ,
Y u . K. B e l o v ,

CHARACTERISTICS

STEEL

E. P . P o n o m a r e n k o ,
a n d A P. M o k r o v

UDC 669.14:621.785.53:539.4.411

A method for vacuum diffusion chromizing of steel f r o m sublimated phase has been developed at the
Ukrainian S c i e n t i f i c - R e s e a r c h Institute of Special Steel. This method produces a heat r e s i s t a n t and scale
r e s i s t a n t coating up to 2.5 m m thick containing 50~c Cr or m o r e at the surface.
The purpose of this work was to study the effect of chromizing on the elastic and relaxation c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of steel St. 3.
The t e s t s w e r e made in an apparatus for m e a s u r i n g the natural frequency of bending and torsional
vibrations of samples and the damping of vibrations at different t e m p e r a t u r e s [1]. Samples 200 m m long
and 8 m m in diameter w e r e suspended f r o m one end by tungsten filaments 0.04 m m in diameter f r o m a
g e n e r a t o r of mechanical vibrations and f r o m t h e other end by an electrodynamic t r a n s d u c e r . Since the
experimental e r r o r was due mainly to m e a s u r e m e n t s of the frequency of n a t u r a l v i b r a t i o n s , the T ESLA
h i g h - p r e c i s i o n (5- 10-4%) ultrasonic generator was used. The maximum e r r o r in determining Young's
modulus and the s h e a r modulus was 0.8 and 0.5% respectively.
Young's modulus and the s h e a r modulus w e r e calculated by the formulas:
e = 1 . 6 3 8 8 . lo - ~ \ y )
a = 5.1934.10 -8 ~ .

. - 7 - zi ;
pj~,

where l is the length of the sample, era; d is the diameter, cm; P is the weight, g; f/ and fT a r e the natural
frequency of bending and torsional vibrations, Hz. The d e c r e m e n t of the free vibrations of the samples
was also m e a s u r e d .
The samples were c h r o m i z e d at 1200~ for 5 h in the MPV-3 vacuum furnace (10 .3 m m Hg) and at
1400~ for 18 h in the OKB-554A furnace (6 10 -2 m m Hg). The case depth was 0.14 and 2.2 m m r e s p e c tively.
9

Young's moduli at 20-600~ after annealing at 1200~ for 5 h and after vacuum diffusion c h r o m i z i n g
a l m o s t coincide (Fig. la, middle c u r v e ) a n d a r e s o m e w h a t higher than for the original steel. Chromizing
at 1400~ for 18 h or longer leads to an i n c r e a s e of Young,s modulus; with i n c r e a s i n g testing t e m p e r a t u r e s
this difference d e c r e a s e s . The shear modulus G of carbon steel c h r o m i z e d at 1400~ is also higher than
for steel c h r o m i z e d at 1200~ (Fig. la).
Figure lb shows the t e m p e r a t u r e dependence of the d e c r e m e n t of free vibrations. Chromizing shifts
the h i g h - t e m p e r a t u r e b r a n c h of the background of internal friction to higher t e m p e r a t u r e s , which indicates
an i n c r e a s e of the binding f o r c e in c h r o m i u m f e r r i t e and an i n c r e a s e of its heat r e s i s t a n c e [2].
Annealing of the carbon steel at 1200~ lowers the peak of internal friction at 100-120~
Chromizing
a l m o s t eliminates this peak, and r e s u l t s in a new peak at approximately 300~ due to m i g r a t i o n of carbon
atoms near c h r o m i u m atoms. The background of internal friction i n c r e a s e s substantially with i n c r e a s i n g
depth of chromizing.
Tula Polytechnical Institute. Ukrainian S c i e n t i f i c - R e s e a r c h Institute of Special Steel.
f r o m Metallovedenie i T e r m i c h e s k a y a Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, p. 74, July, 1971.

Translated

9 1972 Consultants Bureau, a division of Plenum Publishing Corporation, 227 West 17th Street, New York,
N. Y. 10011. All rights reserved. This article cannot be reproduced for any purpose whatsoever without
permission of the publisher. A copy of this article is available from the publisher for $15.00.

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