‘dE t Oy O O Chapter 7: ‘i General Comments, ‘The converitional’‘method of sizing ‘a ‘sanitary ‘drainage system Is by drainage fixture unit (fu) load values. The ‘ ‘approach takes into’ consideration the proba- i dra Gralnage system 9 0 ‘The probability method of sizing drainage systems was developed arbely by Dri Roy’ Hunter. Through his re- search, Dr, Hunter ‘attempted to standardize and simply design principles, while’ reducing’ of plumbing systems." i ineine lupe ynesy Fixture unit véllues were detérminied based on the aver- age rats of discharge by a fixture, the time of alsingle op- eration and the frequency of use or interval between each operation.~The-theoretical-approach considers. a.large ‘group of fixtures being connected to the plumbing system with only a small fraction of the total number of fixtures in use simultaneously. The probability method has also been effective in the design of smaller plumbing systems because of the excessive design factors added by Dr. Hunter. i Dr. Hunter sought an adequate design methodology to provide satisfactory service without interruption or incon- venience to the user. 1 ‘Because the fixture unit values have a builtin probabll- ity factor, they cannot be directly translated into flow or, bility of Sanitary Drainage discharge rates. For example, one dft is equivalent to discharge rate of { cubic foot per minute (0.4719 Lis) [ap- proximately 7.5 gallons per minute (gpm) (28 Limin)}, Two independent fixtures, howevér, each having a value of one df, cannot be considered as having a combined dis- charge ‘ate of 15 gpm (57 Limin) because the dfu value Incorporates the elefnent of probablity. ce Purpose, ‘The purpose of Chapter 7's to regulate the materials, de sign and installation of sanitary drainage piping systems ‘as wel ds the connections made to the system. The intent {sto design and install sanitary drainage systems that wil function reliably, are nelther undersized. nor.oversized and are constructed from materials, fittings and connec- tions whose quality is regulated by this section. In the nineteenth century, typhoid fever, cholera and dysentery were a threat to survival. The modem plumbing system, with proper drainage piping, has been one of the ‘main reasons for th ation ofthese diseases. \Mecical professionals give much ofthe credit to. the plumbing profession for improvements in health and lon- ‘gevity. Medicine alone would have only a marginal effect without improved sanitation practices. SECTION 701. | z GENERAL 701.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall goveri the materials, design, construction and installation of, sani drainage systems, This section establishes that design and installation provisions for sanitary drainage systems are located in Chapters 3, 7 and 10. ' Chapter 7 regulates the design, sizing, components and installation of a sanitary drainage system. Many ther chapters relate to Chapter 7 because they regu- fate components of sanitary drainage’ systems. For ex- ample, Ghapters°3, 9 and 10 regulate pipe support, ‘venting and traps, respectively, all of which are. com bined to create a sanitary drainage system. 701.2 Sewer required. Every building in which plu ‘ures ae installed and all premises having drainage piping shall be connected to a public sewer, where available, or an approved. 2003 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING GODE* COMMENTARY, rivate sewage disposal system in accordaace with the Jnterna- fional Private Sewage Disposal Code. _ Plumbing fixtures. Installed in a building or structure ‘ust be directly connected to a drairiage system. The sanitaty drainage systems fmust connect to the public systems provided by the local jurisdiction or public uti- ity ifthey are available. Ifa public system is not avall- able, the drainage system must connect to an approved private sewage disposal system in accordance with the Intemational Private Sewage Disposal Code* (IPSDC®), which contains requirements for the design and installation of private sewage disposal systems. ‘This section must not’be construed to prevent the ind rect waste systems required by Chapter 8. 7013 Separate sewer connection. Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for humen habitation, ‘occupancy oruse on premises abutting ona street, alley orease- ‘ment in which there isa public sewer shall have a separate con- nection withthe sewer. Where located on the same lot, multipleFIGURE 701.3(1) buildings shall not be prohibited from connecting tox common fing sewer that connects tothe public sewer. “2 This requirement intends to prohibit the combining of. sewers serving different buildings prior to connection to the public sewer. The only exception Is where the sew- €es to be combined are serving buildings on the same lot or parcel of land. This section does not prohibit the Use of adjoining properties that have been included in a dedicated easament approved by the adminiatrative au- thority. Figure 701.4(1) ilustrates the use of a dedicated public Sewer easement to accommodate Buildings A ‘and B. The common building sewer is actually an exten- sion of the public sewer and under control of the public authority, ‘The reason for this requirement is that when the sani- tary discharge from more’ than one building is con- ected to the public sewer by means of,a:shared or ‘common sewer-line, the responsiblity for. the maint ‘nance of the common sewer-line can become a prob: lem. Should a stoppage develop in the common portion SANITARY DRAINAGE Of the drain, all parties connected to the drain could dis- claim responsibilty for having the stoppage cleared. This presents a problem because there is no one parly {to hold responsible for the maintenance of the drain. ‘Also, replacement or repairs of a sewer are the respon- sibility ofall parties sharing a common drain connection, and the process of determining the point of origin of the ‘wastes into the common drain is more difficult. The first ‘sentence of this section's intended to apply to the con- nection of more than one 's under separate owner ntence applies in instances where connection of more than ane structure is proposed where all.the buildings are under, the same ownership. The coramercial property owner, ‘such as.a shopping complex owner, may want to bulld another buliding.on-his or her property, and connecting the new bulding sewer to existing sewers on the same Property would be convenient and less expensive thar. making’ new-connection to:the public sewer [see Fig- ure 7043.02). cc a es ou i eh ‘ (| | : 4 \ sai i | [sumo f ea R \ I “BUILDING ~ DEDICATED = | SEWER: [| PUBLIC SEWER EASEMENT a 4s \ [oe : | I si 1 | euitbing ie ee i ¢ \ A Peih Ves jeunes out | ee eet \ 2 Sf in ade heal Le ; Pustic Sewer “Figure 701.3(1) ts COMMON BUILDING SEWER LOCATED WITHIN AN APPROVED PUBLIC SEWER EASEMENT 2 £2003 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® COMMENTARY 9 O“t i OO. Jom Naame rm. 2D. On 0e 000-00 ‘SANITARY DRAINAGE 7 7014-7007 PUBLIC. SEWER PRIVATELY CONTROLLED COMMON SEWER PERMITTED Figure 701.3(2) SULENOONSANELOT. BUILDINGS. SEWER. 701.4 Sewage treatment. Sewage or other waste from « plumb- ing system that is deleterious to surface or subsurface waters shall not be discharged into the round or into any wetenway an- less ithas fist been rendered innocuous through subjection to an approved form of teatment’=<2 | ‘The discharge of untreated waste and sewage from a sanitary drainage system creates an environmental and human health hazard. This section requires sewage that poses a hazard to be treated before discharging fo ponds, rivers, streams, lakes, aquifers or similar bodies | Of water. The form of treatment for the waste must Be” | approved by the code official and ts often governed by the local health department or state or U.S. Environ | ‘mental Protection Agency (EPA) haying jurisdict ‘These requirements are also applicable to gray-water recycling systems, as stated in Appendix C of the code. ‘their Joints orany ‘Sewage disposal or treatment process must not be al- lowed to’enter the: building drainage system. Sections '803.2°-aind 1008. ‘-contain requirements for collecting hi ind: the, neutralization of corrosive 701.6 Tests, The sanitary devinage system shall be tested in ac- ‘cordaies with Section 312... if Requirements for sanitary drainage and vent system testing are described in’ Settion 312) 701.7 ‘Connections. Direct connection’ of a steam exhaust, blowoff or drip pipe shall not be made with the building drain- age system, Wastewater’ when discharged into the building ‘drainage system shell be ata temperature not higher than 140°F {G0°C); When higher temperatures exis, approved cooling 7015 Damage to drainage system. or public sewer. Wastes. methods shall be provided. ‘detrimental to the public sewer system orto the functioning of ‘the sewage-treatment plant shall be treated and disposed of in aaccordaice with Section 1003 as diresied by 0 ¢Materials that are detrimental to the drainage system must not discharge into such system. Any substances that wil clog, produce explosive mixtures, degrade the 2003 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE® COMMENTARY. The temperature of waste water's limited toa maximum of 40°F (60°C) to protect the sanitary drainage piping. Excessive high-temperature wastes are detrimental to the piping system due to expansion and contraction re- sulting thereftom. For example, pipe joints may become disturbed or pulled apart, or solidly bedded piping can : 73