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A Short Note Expanding Functions As Outer Infinite Compositions
A Short Note Expanding Functions As Outer Infinite Compositions
John Gill
April 2015
Suppose a complex function can be expanded as an infinite composition in the following way:
(1) F ( z ) = lim ( f1 f2 fn ( z )) .
n
(See [1])
Conditions for convergence of (1) include the following variation on theorems in [2]
Theorem 1 (Gill 2015) Suppose functions {f n (z)} are analytic in S0 = ( z < R 0 ) and
z < R < R + = R < R 0 and lim ( f1 f 2 f n (z) ) = F(z) for z < R . Convergence is uniform
*
on compact subsets.
Sketch of Proof: Set Fn ,n+m ( z ) = fn fn+1 fn+m ( z ) . Then it is easily determined that
Fn ,n+m ( z ) < R + = R * . Now write fn ( z ) = z + n ( z ) , n ( z ) < C n . Set r = R0 R * and use the
C
Cauchy Integral Formula to estimate the magnitude of n( z ) : n( z ) n . Therefore
r
C
C
fn ( z ) fn ( ) z + n ( z ) n ( ) < z + n z = z 1 + n by the
r
r
n
C
F1,n ( z ) F1,n+m ( z ) = F1,n ( z ) F1,n ( fn+1 fn+m ( z )) < z fn+1 fn+m ( z ) 1 + k
r
k =1
m 1
k =1
k =1
Where fn+1 fn+m ( z ) z fn+ k (Fn+ k +1,n+m ( z )) Fn+ k +1,n+ m ( z ) + fn+ m ( z ) z < C n+ k
Thus
||
< and
k=1
F(z)
fn ( z ) =
z
1 + n z
, gn ( z ) = fn1 ( z ) =
z
1
, n = 2
1 n z
n
G(z)
-10<x,y<10 n=40
Example 2 : fn ( z ) = z + n z 2 , gn ( z ) =
2z
1 + 1 + 4 n z
F(z)
, n =
1
n2
, n =
1
4n
-10<x,y<10 n=40
G(z)
Example 3 : fn ( z ) = z + n z 2 , gn ( z ) =
F(z)
2z
1 + 1 + 4 n z
G(z)
-10<x,y<10 n=40
Sin(z)
Example 5 : Tan( z ): fn ( z ) =
F(z) -15<x,y<15
2z 2
1 + 1 41n z 2
-10<x,y<10 n=40
ArcSin(z)
z
2z
, ArcTan( z ): gn ( z ) =
n 2
14 z
1 + 1 + 4 n z 2
G(z) -2<x,y<2
n=40
Example 6: fn ( z ) = z + n
z2
2z
1
, gn ( z ) =
, n = 2 n=40
2
1+ z
n
z + 2(1 + 2n )z + 1 + 1 z
F(z) -2<x,y<2
Example 7 :
F(z) -4<x,y<4
F(z) enlarged
fn ( z ) = z +
n
z
, gn ( z ) =
G(z) -3<x<10
z + z 2 4 n
1
, n = n
2
2
G(z)
n=40
z2
Example 8 : e 1 : fn ( z ) = z + n+1
2
z
F(z)
, Ln(1 + z ): gn ( z ) =
-8<x,y<8
2z
1+ 1+4
( )z
n=40
n+1
G(z)
[1] J. Gill, A Note on Expanding Functions into Infinite Compositions, Comm. Anal. Th. Cont. Frac., Vol XX (2014)
[2] J. Gill, Convergence of infinite compositions of complex functions, Comm. Anal. Th. Cont. Frac., Vol XIX (2012)